Cyber extension uses information and communication technologies like the internet, networks, and multimedia to improve farmers' access to information. It allows for interactive communication between researchers, extension workers, and farmers from anywhere in the world. Important cyber extension tools include email, file transfer protocol, usenet newsgroups, and the world wide web. Cyber extension can provide up-to-date market prices and weather information, question and answer services, and access to government programs. While it provides benefits like low cost access to vast information, issues remain around unreliable infrastructure in rural areas and lack of locally relevant content in local languages. Overall, cyber extension has the potential to greatly improve the transfer of technology to farmers.

1. CYBER EXTENSION
Shivani Jha

2. INTRODUCTION
• The major form of technology dissemination.
• Cyber extension include effective use of Information and Communication Technology
• Government will have to play the role of a catalyst
• Information and Communication Technology (ICT) initiative, Cyber agricultural extension.
• Cyber extension includes effective use of ICT, national and international information networks,
the Internet, expert systems, multimedia learning systems and computer-based training systems
to improve the access to information.

3. Concept of Cyber Extension
• Cyber space is the imaginary or virtual space of computers connected with each other on
Networks, across the Globe.
• These computers can access information of Text, Graphics, Audio, Video and Animation files.
• Software tools on networks provide facilities to interactively access the information from
connected servers.
• Agricultural Extension: Agricultural Extension, according to Dr. D. Benor “relates to the process
of carrying the technology of scientific agriculture to the farmer in order to enable him to
utilize the knowledge and a better economy”.

4. Different Terms
• Cyber : According to Oxford Dictionary the word cyber means, “relating to Information
Technology, the Internet and virtual reality, the cyber space”.
• Cyber Space : The Cyber space thus can be defined as the imaginary space behind the
interconnected telecommunications and computer networks, the virtual world.
• Cyber extension: Cyber extension means “using the power of online networks, computer
Communications and digital interactive multimedia to facilitate dissemination of agriculture
technology. Cyber Extension thus can be defined as the extension over cyber space.

5. Unique features of cyber space
• Access to the astounding information
• Instantaneously available of information
• Interactive communication
• The information is available from any point on the globe
• Communication is dynamic

6. Cyber Extension For
Research Extension Communic
ation

7. Important tools of cyber extension
• E-Mail
• Telnet
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Gopher
• Archie
• Usenet newsgroups
• World Wide Web (WWW)

8. 1. E-Mail:
• E-mail (electronic mail) - is the most frequently used application in the cyber extension
• Currently is being used by over 50 million people for business and personal use
• E-mail allows us to send & received text messages to other users of the internet
• Some of well known tools are- web browsers like Netscape , Internet explorer etc.
• To send an e-mail we have to know the receiver’s email address

9. Advantages of E-mail
• E-mails are easy to used you can organized your daily correspondence ,send and receive
electronic message and save them on computers.
• E-mails are fast they are delivered ones all around the world.
Disadvantages of E-mail
• E-mails may carry viruses these are small programme than harm your computer system.
• E-mails can not be really be used for offical business document they may be lost.

10. 2. Telnet :
• Telnet is the application that allows you to go on to remote computer
• It is like a terminal emulation Programme
• Before the advent of the world wide web the telnet session were very common

11. Advantages of Telnet
• Saves time: Telnet saves time because instead physically traveling to another person’s home,
we can perform task on another person computer all most immediate from our computer.
• Router configuration: since it uses plain text it is very easy to fix problems, this allows for more
access and less problems with data transmission.
Disadvantages of Telnet
• It is old: It is text based only these are no graphics or colors which make it boring.
• It’s not secure: everything is sent in plain text be it over the local network or over the internet.

12. 3. FTP :
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
• FTP use to send copies of files from one computer to another computer and is responsible for
highest percentage of data transfer on internet.
• FTP transfers can either through “anonymous” connection or by password protected ID.

13. Advantages of FTP
• FTP is the fast and efficient way of transferring bulks of data across the internet.
• While using FTP, tools like macros can also be used to make your work more efficient and
easier
Disadvantage of FTP
• FTP was not design to be secure protocol.
• Encryption of date is not done in FTP

14. 4. Gopher :
• Gopher was the first attempt of making it easy to access resources on the internet
• As recently as in 1994 gopher was considered the most useful internet tool
• Gopher uses text based nested menus to access FTP sites, directories, files & documents
• It was designed by computer scientists at the university of Minnesota

15. Advantages of Gopher
• Easy set-up and low maintenance.
• No document preparation necessary.
• Facilitates automatic indexing of server menus.
Disadvantages of Gopher
• Can’t mix graphics and text on same screen.
• Gopher client can’t view HTML.
• Gopher is divided between Gopher0 and Gopher+, and not all clients (browsers) handle
Gophe+.

16. 5. Usenet Newsgroups
• Newsgroups provide a bulletin board type area where users can read other opinions and can
sent entries of their own to be posted.
• Modern web browsers like Netscape and Explorer include software for reading and Posting
to Usenet.

17. 6. Archie : It is a service run on only a handful of hosts which allows you to search a list of all the
files and directories on all the FTP sites in the world.
7. World Wide Web :
• It is a multimedia hypertext system
• It has become so popular that it has almost replaced all the above internet tools and is slowly
becoming synonymous internet
• It containing text, images, animation, sound, video and increasingly interactive programmes
• It is truly worldwide
• As simple mouse click can easily transport you from a server in India to one in America or
Australia or Even Antarctica
• The World Wide Web is called because sites around the world can be accessed, and
Because documents seem to stretch web like through endless hyperlinks

18. Advantages of www
• Availability of mainly free information.
• Low cost of initial connection.
• The same protocol of communication can be used for all the services
Disadvantages of www
• Danger of overload and excess information.
• It requires an efficient information search strategy.
• The search can be slow

19. FUNCTIONS OF CYBER EXTENSION
• Providing interaction among research scientist, extension workers, farmers and other rural people
through e-mail
• Providing up to date news and information services, such as market prices and weather condition
• A question and answers services where experts responds to queries on specialized subjects
• Creation an maintenance of statistical databases on critical agricultural and rural development
parameter that can be queried on demand
• Providing status of various government programs and details about their implementation
mechanism on demand basis
• Providing the details of Poverty Alleviation schemes on the internet
• Launching online rural development and extension journals, newsletters etc

20. Application of cyber extension
• Village information shops Dr. M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai
• Information villagers MANAGE in Ranga Reddy District in Andhra Pradesh
• Gyandoot net initiative of District Dhar, Madhya Pradesh.
• Warna wired village of National Informatics Center (NIC) in Kolhapur- Sangli Districts of
Maharashtra

21. Cyber extension: The process
• Develop State-of-the-Art ICT Infrastructure to Connect key Stakeholders
• Creating ICT Awareness in all Development Departments
• Create Information Packaging Mechanism at Key Participating Agencies
• Network with e-Governance initiatives of Concerned State/District
• Create a Nodal Cell in Each State to Monitor the Progress of Cyber Extension
• Identify a National Co-ordinating Agency for “Cyber Extension” in India

22. Advantages of Cyber Extension
• Cyber extension save money, time and effort
• Cyber extension save time, cut steps from extension process
• Cyber extension is information rich and interactive
• Cyber extension offer instant international reach
• Cyber extension is continuously available
• Cyber extension provide excellent opportunity to make messages reach far and wide very
quickly

23. Cyber extension: Issues and Concerns
• Lack of Reliable Telecom Infrastructure in Rural Areas
• Erratic or no Power Supply
• Lack of ICT Trained manpower (willing to serve) in Rural Areas
• Lack of content (locally relevant and in local languages )
• Lack of Information Services to Rural Clientele
• Low Purchasing power of the Rural communities
• Lack of Holistic Approaches
• Issues of Sustainability

24. Conclusion
• Create awareness among extension functionaries
• Orient the extension work
• Wider reach of agricultural information

26. • Cyber Extension in Transfer of Technology to Farmers.
Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283541641_Cyber_Extension_in_Transfer_of_Technology_to_Farmers
[accessed Mar 24 2021].
• P V K Sasidhar and V P Sharma- Cyber livestock outreach services in India: a model framework
http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd18/1/cont1801.htmlLivestock Research for Rural Development 18 (1) 2006