This document discusses the theory and rationale behind an interdisciplinary approach to education. It describes four key characteristics of interdisciplinary instruction: 1) being topic-centered, 2) accommodating student diversity, 3) using two or more disciplines to research topics, and 4) emphasizing both learning processes and content mastery. Support for this approach comes from learning theories including Piaget, Vygotsky, Sternberg, and Gardner. An interdisciplinary approach provides meaningful contexts for teaching skills, uses multiple sources of information, and responds to standards by promoting critical thinking. It also allows for differentiated instruction and engages multiple intelligences. Teachers require knowledge of child development, a strong general knowledge base, and skills in collaborative planning to implement inter
This document discusses teacher competencies, which are defined as the set of knowledge, skills, and experience necessary to be an effective teacher. It identifies three main types of teacher competencies: subject competencies which refer to strong knowledge of content areas; pedagogical competencies which involve teaching skills and understanding how students learn; and technological competencies which include the ability to use technology appropriately in the classroom. The document provides details on each type of competency and their importance for quality teaching. It emphasizes that competent teachers have both in-depth content knowledge as well as skills for effectively imparting that knowledge to students.
This document discusses school subjects and academic disciplines. It defines school subjects as branches of knowledge taught in schools using simple concepts, while academic disciplines are more specialized fields taught at universities using complex theories. School subjects lay the foundation for academic disciplines and have the goal of developing basic skills, while disciplines focus on developing experts. The document also examines the relationship between subjects and disciplines and why studying subjects is important for students' development.
in this ppt, we will discuss subject centred curriculum, it's characteristics, approach, assumptions, merits and demerits of subject centred curriculum
1. Understand the basic premises of subject/discipline
2. Understand the need for classification of human knowledge
3. Know required basic competencies for effective transaction of knowledge
4. Know how to enhance knowledge of the discipline
5. Importance of research for advancement of subject/discipline
Aims & objectives of Teaching Social Science,Learning Time
Social Science is a generic term covering the scientific study of man. It is a discipline or branch of science that deals with the socio-cultural aspects of human behaviour. The social sciences generally include cultural anthropology, economics, political science, sociology, History, Geography, Civics, social psychology etc.
Bining & Bining defines Social Science as "the subject that relate to the origin, organization, and development of human society, especially to man in his association with other men".
This document discusses the theory and rationale behind an interdisciplinary approach to education. It describes four key characteristics of interdisciplinary instruction: 1) being topic-centered, 2) accommodating student diversity, 3) using two or more disciplines to research topics, and 4) emphasizing both learning processes and content mastery. Support for this approach comes from learning theories including Piaget, Vygotsky, Sternberg, and Gardner. An interdisciplinary approach provides meaningful contexts for teaching skills, uses multiple sources of information, and responds to standards by promoting critical thinking. It also allows for differentiated instruction and engages multiple intelligences. Teachers require knowledge of child development, a strong general knowledge base, and skills in collaborative planning to implement inter
This document discusses teacher competencies, which are defined as the set of knowledge, skills, and experience necessary to be an effective teacher. It identifies three main types of teacher competencies: subject competencies which refer to strong knowledge of content areas; pedagogical competencies which involve teaching skills and understanding how students learn; and technological competencies which include the ability to use technology appropriately in the classroom. The document provides details on each type of competency and their importance for quality teaching. It emphasizes that competent teachers have both in-depth content knowledge as well as skills for effectively imparting that knowledge to students.
This document discusses school subjects and academic disciplines. It defines school subjects as branches of knowledge taught in schools using simple concepts, while academic disciplines are more specialized fields taught at universities using complex theories. School subjects lay the foundation for academic disciplines and have the goal of developing basic skills, while disciplines focus on developing experts. The document also examines the relationship between subjects and disciplines and why studying subjects is important for students' development.
in this ppt, we will discuss subject centred curriculum, it's characteristics, approach, assumptions, merits and demerits of subject centred curriculum
1. Understand the basic premises of subject/discipline
2. Understand the need for classification of human knowledge
3. Know required basic competencies for effective transaction of knowledge
4. Know how to enhance knowledge of the discipline
5. Importance of research for advancement of subject/discipline
Aims & objectives of Teaching Social Science,Learning Time
Social Science is a generic term covering the scientific study of man. It is a discipline or branch of science that deals with the socio-cultural aspects of human behaviour. The social sciences generally include cultural anthropology, economics, political science, sociology, History, Geography, Civics, social psychology etc.
Bining & Bining defines Social Science as "the subject that relate to the origin, organization, and development of human society, especially to man in his association with other men".
MEMORY LEVEL OF TEACHING -HERBARTIAN APPROACHBeulahJayarani
It discuss about memory level of teaching - Herbartian approach in details. It explains the types of level of teaching, JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART - SIX STEPS OF HERBARTIANS ARE……1. Focus 2. Syntax - 3. Social system & support system in detail
The document discusses two approaches to teaching - the chronological approach and the unit approach.
The chronological approach presents content in the order of occurrence and allows students to see the natural development of a topic over time. However, it risks students forgetting early material and lacks comprehensive treatment.
The unit approach divides content into smaller, related units that are easier for students to understand. It focuses on objectives, logical organization, and evaluation, but risks limiting originality and providing an overly mechanical form of learning.
1) The document discusses content analysis and pedagogical analysis. Content analysis is a research technique used to analyze text and determine the presence of words, concepts, themes. Pedagogical analysis involves breaking down the content into smaller units and determining instructional objectives, teaching methods, and evaluation devices.
2) The key steps of pedagogical analysis are dividing content into sub-units, determining previous knowledge required, setting objectives, selecting teaching strategies like methods and aids, providing examples, and creating assessment items.
3) Pedagogical analysis helps ensure effective teaching by comprehensively analyzing tasks, strategies, and goals to improve delivery of information.
MODERN TRENDS IN CURRICULAR MOVEMENTS IN STATE LEVEL IN TEACHING NATURAL SCIE...Dadu Brutally Innocent
The document discusses modern trends in science curriculum and the role of the State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) in India. It outlines several trends in science education including the establishment of state science education institutes, developing indigenous curricula, emphasizing conceptual learning over facts, and developing low-cost science materials. It describes SCERT's functions in developing curricula, training teachers, and implementing educational reforms. SCERT plays an important role in curriculum development and qualitative improvements in school education. The document also discusses trends toward individualized, interdisciplinary, and social issues-oriented approaches to curriculum construction.
1) Science was once considered a subject only for less promising students but is now recognized as important to include in school curriculums.
2) The aims of teaching science differ based on education level, from developing observation skills in primary school to understanding science's impact on society in higher secondary levels.
3) At the secondary level, students should learn chemistry as a discipline and conduct hands-on experiments, while at upper primary they should study their environment and health. The focus is on gaining knowledge and developing scientific skills and attitudes.
The heuristic method is a teaching method that involves allowing students to discover things for themselves through exploration and problem solving rather than direct instruction. It places students in the role of discoverers. Key principles include freedom for students, an environment that is responsive to their needs, and guidance from teachers as needed. The method aims to develop skills like critical thinking, logical reasoning, and scientific inquiry in students. Teachers play an important guiding role by selecting suitable problems, asking questions, and helping students arrive at conclusions while allowing freedom. While time consuming, the heuristic method can develop self-learning, scientific temperament, and retention of knowledge in students.
The Nuffield science teaching projects were initiated in the UK in 1962 to develop new teaching materials for biology, chemistry, and physics for students aged 11-16. The projects aimed to make science more accessible and applicable, encourage curiosity, and emphasize experimentation over memorization. The materials developed included textbooks, teachers' guides, films, and objective-based tests. Courses were organized around four themes and examined students using various question types beyond simple factual recall. Projects were also created for Nuffield physics, chemistry, and biology at different education levels. The goals were to present science as a logical whole and build courses around fundamental concepts.
This document discusses principles of curriculum construction. It begins by defining curriculum as the sum total of experiences a student receives through activities at school, including the classroom, library, laboratories, playgrounds, and interactions with teachers. It then provides definitions of curriculum from various scholars. The main body outlines 14 principles that should guide curriculum construction, such as ensuring it reflects the aims of education and the needs, interests, and abilities of students (child-centric principle), considers civic and social needs, conserves cultural heritage while allowing for creativity, prepares students for the future and living, integrates subjects logically, accommodates individual differences, and considers the time available.
Aim & objective of teaching mathematics suresh kumar
The document discusses the aims and objectives of teaching mathematics. It states that mathematics encourages logical thinking and helps students discriminate between essential and non-essential information. The significance of teaching mathematics is that it develops the ability to apply mathematical concepts to daily life situations and inculcates self-reliance. The aims are categorized as practical, social, disciplinary and cultural. Objectives are directed towards achieving these aims and are specific, precise and observable goals. Bloom's taxonomy is discussed as a framework for classifying educational objectives into cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. The revised Bloom's taxonomy changes some terms to verb forms and reorganizes categories. It also identifies different types and levels of knowledge.
The document summarizes key aspects of India's National Policy on Education (NPE) of 1986. It discusses establishing a national system of education with common structure from primary to higher education (10+2+3). It emphasizes providing equal access to education for all sections of society regardless of gender, location, caste, or creed. It also outlines plans to promote adult education, teacher training, vocational education, use of new technologies, and improving rural education.
OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING SCIENCE
Education is a process of bringing about changes in an individual in a desired direction. It is a process of helping a child to develop his potentialities to the maximum and to bring out the best from within the child. To bring about these changes we teach them various subjects at different levels of school. Science as subject is included in the school curriculum from the very beginning.
Before taking any decision about teaching science we should pose certain questions to ourselves, such as,
• Why do we teach them science?
• What are the goals and objectives of teaching science?
• What changes does science teaching bring about in the behaviour of the students?
Glaser's Basic Teaching Model is a psychological model of teaching developed by Robert Glaser in 1962. It explains the relationship between teaching and learning through four basic components: (1) instructional objectives, (2) entering behaviors of students, (3) instructional procedures used by the teacher, and (4) performance assessments to evaluate student learning. The model assumes students have prior knowledge and the teacher guides students from their entering behaviors to achieving the instructional objectives through various teaching methods and strategies. It can be applied to any subject or grade level to systematically structure the teaching and learning process.
The document outlines several goals of physical science education, including to understand the nature and broad objectives of science, provide practical knowledge and an appreciation for how science has impacted modern life, stimulate independent study and invention, develop observation skills and the ability to solve problems, encourage reading about great scientists to learn concepts like accuracy and honesty, help students adjust to their society, maintain health and well-being, develop economic efficiency and a scientific attitude, and provide exploratory experiences and training to develop interests, attitudes, values and scientific methods.
Correaltion of physical science with other subjectsAMME SANDHU
This document discusses the principle of correlation and its importance in education. It defines correlation as the mutual relationship between two or more things. According to the principle of correlation, knowledge is best organized in a system that shows interrelationships between pieces of information. The document outlines three types of correlation: within subjects, between subjects, and with daily life. It provides examples of correlating physical science with other subjects like mathematics, geography, and language to enhance learning. The benefits of correlation include developing a holistic understanding, retaining knowledge better, and making learning more applicable to real life.
The document discusses curriculum reforms in India that were undertaken through the National Curriculum Framework 2005. It outlines the guiding principles of NCF 2005, which included connecting curriculum to real life, ensuring learning moves beyond rote memorization, and making examinations more integrated with classroom learning. The document also summarizes recommendations from past education commissions and policies that shaped curriculum reforms, and notes the focus is now on teacher education reforms to help achieve the goals of universal, equitable, and inclusive education.
Policies and commisions on teacher educationChama Agarwal
This document summarizes key policies and commissions related to teacher education in India since independence. Some of the major recommendations included expanding teacher training facilities, increasing the duration of training programs, establishing specialized teacher education institutions like DIETs and IASEs, prioritizing in-service training, and strengthening the regulation and standards of teacher education. Many commissions emphasized improving the professional development of teachers through continued education and training.
The heuristic method is a discovery-based approach to teaching science where students solve problems independently without direct guidance from teachers. Key aspects of this method include students designing and conducting their own experiments to discover answers, and teachers accepting all student suggestions to problems regardless of perceived relevance. The benefits of this method are that it develops habits of inquiry, self-learning, scientific thinking, diligence, and close teacher-student relationships. However, it also has drawbacks like being time-consuming, requiring small class sizes and highly skilled teachers, and risking an over-emphasis on practical work.
The document discusses the lecture-cum-demonstration method of teaching, which combines lecturing with demonstrations. It involves the teacher first explaining concepts through lecturing, then demonstrating experiments and procedures for students to see. This allows students to observe concrete examples and develop skills, while also receiving explanations. Some key advantages are that it provides hands-on learning, actively engages students, efficiently imparts both theoretical and practical knowledge, and saves time and resources compared to other methods. The document provides steps for implementing this method and emphasizes the importance of teacher preparation, presentation skills, and facilitating student participation.
The science which deals with the study of living objects is called Biology. Thus the subject involves the studies of all kinds of micro-organisms, plants and animals. Biology is related to mankind ever since the origin of man, therefore this branch of science stands first in order of studies as compared to other branches of science. Ever since the origin of life man is eager to know about various phenomenon of life processes such as health and disease, birth, growth and death. However, man depends on plants and animals for food, shelter and clothing which are immediate needs of life, come from Biology. Perhaps it was the elementary need of man to know about the living beings, so that maximum benefits can be drawn out of them. Though biology involves study of life, but now a days it is mostly centralised with the study of agriculture, animal husbandry, health and microbiology and related branches. Today study of any branch of science is not possible in isolation as it also involves principles of physics, chemistry and various other branches.
This document discusses instructional aids in social science education. It defines instructional aids as tools that help improve learning by reinforcing concepts, differentiating instruction, and engaging multiple senses. The document outlines the importance of aids in making learning engaging, supplementing teaching, and motivating students. It then classifies aids as projected, non-projected, or activity aids. In conclusion, it states that instructional aids are essential for effective instruction by stimulating interest and promoting understanding when used to supplement a lesson.
This document discusses strategies for meeting the needs of diverse learners in the classroom. It addresses linguistic, cultural, and cognitive diversity. Some key points include: building relationships with students; using primary language support, sheltered instruction, and instructional conversations; understanding the differences between basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency; promoting inclusion and considering students' least restrictive environments; and using assessments to inform instructional practices. The overall message is the importance of utilizing a variety of instructional strategies and beliefs to effectively educate students with diverse needs and backgrounds.
MEMORY LEVEL OF TEACHING -HERBARTIAN APPROACHBeulahJayarani
It discuss about memory level of teaching - Herbartian approach in details. It explains the types of level of teaching, JOHANN FRIEDRICH HERBART - SIX STEPS OF HERBARTIANS ARE……1. Focus 2. Syntax - 3. Social system & support system in detail
The document discusses two approaches to teaching - the chronological approach and the unit approach.
The chronological approach presents content in the order of occurrence and allows students to see the natural development of a topic over time. However, it risks students forgetting early material and lacks comprehensive treatment.
The unit approach divides content into smaller, related units that are easier for students to understand. It focuses on objectives, logical organization, and evaluation, but risks limiting originality and providing an overly mechanical form of learning.
1) The document discusses content analysis and pedagogical analysis. Content analysis is a research technique used to analyze text and determine the presence of words, concepts, themes. Pedagogical analysis involves breaking down the content into smaller units and determining instructional objectives, teaching methods, and evaluation devices.
2) The key steps of pedagogical analysis are dividing content into sub-units, determining previous knowledge required, setting objectives, selecting teaching strategies like methods and aids, providing examples, and creating assessment items.
3) Pedagogical analysis helps ensure effective teaching by comprehensively analyzing tasks, strategies, and goals to improve delivery of information.
MODERN TRENDS IN CURRICULAR MOVEMENTS IN STATE LEVEL IN TEACHING NATURAL SCIE...Dadu Brutally Innocent
The document discusses modern trends in science curriculum and the role of the State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT) in India. It outlines several trends in science education including the establishment of state science education institutes, developing indigenous curricula, emphasizing conceptual learning over facts, and developing low-cost science materials. It describes SCERT's functions in developing curricula, training teachers, and implementing educational reforms. SCERT plays an important role in curriculum development and qualitative improvements in school education. The document also discusses trends toward individualized, interdisciplinary, and social issues-oriented approaches to curriculum construction.
1) Science was once considered a subject only for less promising students but is now recognized as important to include in school curriculums.
2) The aims of teaching science differ based on education level, from developing observation skills in primary school to understanding science's impact on society in higher secondary levels.
3) At the secondary level, students should learn chemistry as a discipline and conduct hands-on experiments, while at upper primary they should study their environment and health. The focus is on gaining knowledge and developing scientific skills and attitudes.
The heuristic method is a teaching method that involves allowing students to discover things for themselves through exploration and problem solving rather than direct instruction. It places students in the role of discoverers. Key principles include freedom for students, an environment that is responsive to their needs, and guidance from teachers as needed. The method aims to develop skills like critical thinking, logical reasoning, and scientific inquiry in students. Teachers play an important guiding role by selecting suitable problems, asking questions, and helping students arrive at conclusions while allowing freedom. While time consuming, the heuristic method can develop self-learning, scientific temperament, and retention of knowledge in students.
The Nuffield science teaching projects were initiated in the UK in 1962 to develop new teaching materials for biology, chemistry, and physics for students aged 11-16. The projects aimed to make science more accessible and applicable, encourage curiosity, and emphasize experimentation over memorization. The materials developed included textbooks, teachers' guides, films, and objective-based tests. Courses were organized around four themes and examined students using various question types beyond simple factual recall. Projects were also created for Nuffield physics, chemistry, and biology at different education levels. The goals were to present science as a logical whole and build courses around fundamental concepts.
This document discusses principles of curriculum construction. It begins by defining curriculum as the sum total of experiences a student receives through activities at school, including the classroom, library, laboratories, playgrounds, and interactions with teachers. It then provides definitions of curriculum from various scholars. The main body outlines 14 principles that should guide curriculum construction, such as ensuring it reflects the aims of education and the needs, interests, and abilities of students (child-centric principle), considers civic and social needs, conserves cultural heritage while allowing for creativity, prepares students for the future and living, integrates subjects logically, accommodates individual differences, and considers the time available.
Aim & objective of teaching mathematics suresh kumar
The document discusses the aims and objectives of teaching mathematics. It states that mathematics encourages logical thinking and helps students discriminate between essential and non-essential information. The significance of teaching mathematics is that it develops the ability to apply mathematical concepts to daily life situations and inculcates self-reliance. The aims are categorized as practical, social, disciplinary and cultural. Objectives are directed towards achieving these aims and are specific, precise and observable goals. Bloom's taxonomy is discussed as a framework for classifying educational objectives into cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. The revised Bloom's taxonomy changes some terms to verb forms and reorganizes categories. It also identifies different types and levels of knowledge.
The document summarizes key aspects of India's National Policy on Education (NPE) of 1986. It discusses establishing a national system of education with common structure from primary to higher education (10+2+3). It emphasizes providing equal access to education for all sections of society regardless of gender, location, caste, or creed. It also outlines plans to promote adult education, teacher training, vocational education, use of new technologies, and improving rural education.
OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING SCIENCE
Education is a process of bringing about changes in an individual in a desired direction. It is a process of helping a child to develop his potentialities to the maximum and to bring out the best from within the child. To bring about these changes we teach them various subjects at different levels of school. Science as subject is included in the school curriculum from the very beginning.
Before taking any decision about teaching science we should pose certain questions to ourselves, such as,
• Why do we teach them science?
• What are the goals and objectives of teaching science?
• What changes does science teaching bring about in the behaviour of the students?
Glaser's Basic Teaching Model is a psychological model of teaching developed by Robert Glaser in 1962. It explains the relationship between teaching and learning through four basic components: (1) instructional objectives, (2) entering behaviors of students, (3) instructional procedures used by the teacher, and (4) performance assessments to evaluate student learning. The model assumes students have prior knowledge and the teacher guides students from their entering behaviors to achieving the instructional objectives through various teaching methods and strategies. It can be applied to any subject or grade level to systematically structure the teaching and learning process.
The document outlines several goals of physical science education, including to understand the nature and broad objectives of science, provide practical knowledge and an appreciation for how science has impacted modern life, stimulate independent study and invention, develop observation skills and the ability to solve problems, encourage reading about great scientists to learn concepts like accuracy and honesty, help students adjust to their society, maintain health and well-being, develop economic efficiency and a scientific attitude, and provide exploratory experiences and training to develop interests, attitudes, values and scientific methods.
Correaltion of physical science with other subjectsAMME SANDHU
This document discusses the principle of correlation and its importance in education. It defines correlation as the mutual relationship between two or more things. According to the principle of correlation, knowledge is best organized in a system that shows interrelationships between pieces of information. The document outlines three types of correlation: within subjects, between subjects, and with daily life. It provides examples of correlating physical science with other subjects like mathematics, geography, and language to enhance learning. The benefits of correlation include developing a holistic understanding, retaining knowledge better, and making learning more applicable to real life.
The document discusses curriculum reforms in India that were undertaken through the National Curriculum Framework 2005. It outlines the guiding principles of NCF 2005, which included connecting curriculum to real life, ensuring learning moves beyond rote memorization, and making examinations more integrated with classroom learning. The document also summarizes recommendations from past education commissions and policies that shaped curriculum reforms, and notes the focus is now on teacher education reforms to help achieve the goals of universal, equitable, and inclusive education.
Policies and commisions on teacher educationChama Agarwal
This document summarizes key policies and commissions related to teacher education in India since independence. Some of the major recommendations included expanding teacher training facilities, increasing the duration of training programs, establishing specialized teacher education institutions like DIETs and IASEs, prioritizing in-service training, and strengthening the regulation and standards of teacher education. Many commissions emphasized improving the professional development of teachers through continued education and training.
The heuristic method is a discovery-based approach to teaching science where students solve problems independently without direct guidance from teachers. Key aspects of this method include students designing and conducting their own experiments to discover answers, and teachers accepting all student suggestions to problems regardless of perceived relevance. The benefits of this method are that it develops habits of inquiry, self-learning, scientific thinking, diligence, and close teacher-student relationships. However, it also has drawbacks like being time-consuming, requiring small class sizes and highly skilled teachers, and risking an over-emphasis on practical work.
The document discusses the lecture-cum-demonstration method of teaching, which combines lecturing with demonstrations. It involves the teacher first explaining concepts through lecturing, then demonstrating experiments and procedures for students to see. This allows students to observe concrete examples and develop skills, while also receiving explanations. Some key advantages are that it provides hands-on learning, actively engages students, efficiently imparts both theoretical and practical knowledge, and saves time and resources compared to other methods. The document provides steps for implementing this method and emphasizes the importance of teacher preparation, presentation skills, and facilitating student participation.
The science which deals with the study of living objects is called Biology. Thus the subject involves the studies of all kinds of micro-organisms, plants and animals. Biology is related to mankind ever since the origin of man, therefore this branch of science stands first in order of studies as compared to other branches of science. Ever since the origin of life man is eager to know about various phenomenon of life processes such as health and disease, birth, growth and death. However, man depends on plants and animals for food, shelter and clothing which are immediate needs of life, come from Biology. Perhaps it was the elementary need of man to know about the living beings, so that maximum benefits can be drawn out of them. Though biology involves study of life, but now a days it is mostly centralised with the study of agriculture, animal husbandry, health and microbiology and related branches. Today study of any branch of science is not possible in isolation as it also involves principles of physics, chemistry and various other branches.
This document discusses instructional aids in social science education. It defines instructional aids as tools that help improve learning by reinforcing concepts, differentiating instruction, and engaging multiple senses. The document outlines the importance of aids in making learning engaging, supplementing teaching, and motivating students. It then classifies aids as projected, non-projected, or activity aids. In conclusion, it states that instructional aids are essential for effective instruction by stimulating interest and promoting understanding when used to supplement a lesson.
This document discusses strategies for meeting the needs of diverse learners in the classroom. It addresses linguistic, cultural, and cognitive diversity. Some key points include: building relationships with students; using primary language support, sheltered instruction, and instructional conversations; understanding the differences between basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency; promoting inclusion and considering students' least restrictive environments; and using assessments to inform instructional practices. The overall message is the importance of utilizing a variety of instructional strategies and beliefs to effectively educate students with diverse needs and backgrounds.
This document discusses strategies for meeting the needs of diverse learners in the classroom. It addresses linguistic, cultural, and cognitive diversity. Some key points include: building relationships with students; using primary language support, sheltered instruction, and instructional conversations; understanding the differences between basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency; promoting inclusion and considering students' least restrictive environments; and using assessments to inform instructional practices. The overall message is the importance of utilizing a variety of instructional strategies and beliefs to effectively educate students with diverse needs and backgrounds.
This document discusses innovative pedagogical methods for 21st century classrooms. [1] It compares traditional chalk-and-talk teaching methods to more modern student-centered approaches. [2] The document advocates for collaborative, experiential, technology-based learning using methods like project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, and cooperative group work. [3] It emphasizes motivating students, accommodating different learning styles, and teaching students how to learn and create new knowledge.
Ways to make teaching of economics effectiveVirda Azmi
The document outlines effective teaching methods for economics at school, including role playing, presentations, group discussions, independent study, games, demonstrations, and problem-based learning. It also discusses the importance of the educator's verbal ability, content knowledge, and educational coursework. The curriculum should be research-rich, interdisciplinary, globally connected, and engage the community. Field trips to local resources can provide practical knowledge. Co-curricular activities like debates and surveys strengthen theoretical knowledge and support student development.
The document discusses the multidisciplinary nature of education. It defines multidisciplinary as combining several academic disciplines or specializations to approach a topic. It provides examples of Malaysia combining subjects like Science and Local Research into Human Nature in 1994. It also discusses allowing students to choose science or arts streams in Form 4. Additionally, it discusses countries like Finland combining universities and the UK embedding design into STEM subjects. The document outlines advantages like relevance between subjects but also challenges like potential lack of information sharing between professionals. Finally, it defines interdisciplinary approach as applying methods of multiple disciplines and discusses benefits like team teaching and enhancing lifelong learning skills.
Tutor – EDUC1070
Employer: School of Education, Creative Arts, University of Newcastle
Duties:
Programming, design and implementation of practical workshops [Drama]
Unpacking Creative Arts NSW Primary Syllabus : navigate the content, structure and organisation of
the NSW K-6 Creative Arts curriculum
Demonstrate knowledge of the principles and practices of teaching and learning K-6 Creative Arts
Explore Quality Teaching/Blooms
This course is designed for students who are not majoring in Creative Arts, but still need to gain a basic
understanding of how to teach Creative Arts in the Primary classroom. The tutorials are very practical
This document discusses course-focused assessment, which aims to assess students holistically based on the overall course, rather than individual modules. It notes challenges with current assessment practices, including over-emphasis on assessment of learning, poor student engagement, and difficulties providing feedback. Course-focused assessment is presented as a student-centered alternative that designs assessment based on overall course learning outcomes. It allows connections across modules, promotes consistency, and supports students developing their disciplinary identity over time through integrated feedback. The document provides examples of how course-focused assessment can be implemented in practice through collaborative course design and aligning assessments to an authentic learning narrative.
Art integrated learning_actualizing_potentialDr Rajesh kumar
The document discusses art integrated learning (AIL), which involves seamlessly blending art into different subjects to make teaching and learning more meaningful and joyful. It outlines a collaborative project between DIET Rajinder Nagar and MCD schools to implement AIL. Key aspects of the project include identifying teachers, developing training materials, implementing AIL in selected classrooms, and researching its impact on students' learning. Training modules and guidelines for teachers have been created to facilitate AIL. Preliminary results show increased student participation, concentration, and enthusiasm with AIL.
This document discusses different types of curriculum designs, including subject/teacher-centered, learner-centered, activity-based, integrated, core, hidden, collateral, null, spiral, and revisits some curriculum that have been implemented in the country. It provides descriptions of each design. Subject/teacher-centered curriculum focuses on subjects, learner-centered links courses to child psychology and interests, activity-based involves activities beyond lectures, integrated makes connections across subjects, core are central mandatory experiences, hidden may contradict the formal curriculum, collateral teaches empowering concepts outside subjects, and null is information not taught that sends a message. The document also summarizes the aims and characteristics of curriculum implemented in the Philippines.
The document contrasts lecturer-centered and student-centered approaches to education. Lecturer-centered focuses on the lecturer teaching passive students, uses summative assessments, and positions the lecturer as the sole source of knowledge. Student-centered focuses on individual student needs and learning styles, recognizes students build on prior knowledge, and positions both students and lecturers as actively engaging in the learning process. While lecturer-centered can transmit expertise efficiently, student-centered may better develop skills and motivate students given changing learner profiles.
This document discusses key factors for effective lesson planning and instruction. It notes that students have different backgrounds, learning styles, and life experiences, requiring a differentiated classroom. A differentiated classroom is proactive, qualitative over quantitative, provides multiple assessment and learning approaches tailored to students, is student-centered by engaging students in relevant material, and blends whole-class, group and individual instruction. Differentiated instruction allows teachers to meet the diverse needs of all students.
This teaching guide was collaboratively developed by educators to provide instruction for the Earth and Life Science subject in senior high school. It introduces a framework called SHS for SHS that focuses on developing meaning, mastery, and ownership of the material for students. The guide contains lesson plans, activities, and assessments to help teachers facilitate learning in a way that aligns with Department of Education and Commission on Higher Education standards and prepares students for college or employment.
This document defines and describes various key terms related to education:
- Inclusion refers to educating students with special needs alongside their non-disabled peers.
- Informal assessment includes observation, checklists, and self-evaluation to casually evaluate students.
- Mentoring is a sustained relationship where an adult offers support and guidance to a younger person.
- Cooperative learning involves students working in small groups to complete tasks, using each other's strengths.
- Charter schools are publicly funded but independently run, free from some regulations to achieve goals.
Mayapur Institute employs an aims-driven (as opposed to content-driven) approach to studying sastra developed by Vaishnava Training and Education which stresses on application of sastric theories. Along with the traditional teaching approach, many modern techniques like involving the students in group discussions, role plays and various other exercises are emloyed by which the subject matter is churned thoroughly and the students develop better understanding
1604952728-curriculum-design of education.pptrehanmughal18
The document discusses various approaches to curriculum design. It describes the key elements of curriculum design as including aims, goals, objectives, subject matter, learning experiences, and evaluation approaches. Sources of curriculum include science, society, eternal/divine sources, knowledge, and the learner. Specific curriculum designs covered include subject-centered, learner-centered, and problem-centered designs. Subject-centered designs emphasize specific subjects or disciplines. Learner-centered designs focus on the interests and experiences of students. Problem-centered designs organize curriculum around life situations or social problems. Each design approach has strengths in making content relevant but can also have weaknesses in implementation or neglecting other aspects.
This document provides an overview of the Business Finance course for Grade 12 students in the senior high school Academic Track. The course covers fundamental principles of financial management, financial statement analysis, financial planning tools and concepts, sources and uses of funds, basic long-term financial concepts, and an introduction to investments and personal finance. The course is designed to equip learners with skills in financial analysis, planning, and decision-making to help achieve organizational goals. It includes 80 hours of instruction organized into various content areas, with associated learning competencies and performance standards.
Effective teachers display certain characteristics. They explain objectives clearly, assess student needs and abilities, and respond accordingly. They demonstrate enthusiasm, stimulate interaction, and are approachable. Effective teachers have high expectations, personalize learning to individual students, use a range of teaching methods, encourage responsibility, have strong subject knowledge, create a safe environment, monitor progress and provide feedback, and build positive relationships.
The document discusses trends in financial management, marketing management, and human resource management. In financial management, it notes an increased focus on digitization, automation, data visualization, basic analytics, and advanced analytics. Marketing management trends include conversational marketing using chatbots, influencer marketing, artificial intelligence, programmatic advertising, and e-commerce. Human resource management trends involve using modern AI-powered tools, chatbots to optimize hiring processes, and AI to enhance hiring and structure analytical information to benefit businesses.
Accounting involves tracking assets, liabilities, expenses, revenue and equity through systematic recording of financial transactions. It is defined as identifying, measuring, recording and communicating financial information, and is important for preparing financial statements, determining what a business owns and owes, safeguarding interests, and meeting legal requirements. The scope of accounting includes financial accounting, cost accounting, management accounting, computerized accounting, and database management systems.
Constructivism is a learning theory based on the idea that learning is an active process where students construct new ideas based on their current and past knowledge. There are two main types: cognitive constructivism which sees intellectual growth as a natural process influenced by teacher-student relationships and developmental stages, and social constructivism where learning occurs through interactions with others in society. Constructivist learning encourages inquiry, focuses on learning over teaching, nurtures curiosity, and allows students to build knowledge autonomously through problem solving and critical thinking.
Commerce involves all activities related to the transfer of goods from production to consumption with the goal of earning profits. It is defined as the sum of trade and aids to trade by connecting producers with customers. Commerce is important as it satisfies human needs, generates jobs, expands trade, and increases living standards. Its scope covers all aspects of planning production, transporting and storing goods, as well as related sectors like banking, insurance, accounting and information transmission.
This document discusses various teaching techniques for commerce:
Brainstorming is a creative group discussion technique where ideas are generated without criticism. It focuses on quantity and unusual ideas to solve problems. Advantages include increased creativity and problem solving, while disadvantages can include clashes of ideas and lack of structure.
Role playing allows students to explore realistic situations by taking on roles and interacting. It helps build confidence, creativity, and understanding of social issues. However, it is time consuming and difficult to evaluate individuals.
Simulation recreates realistic problems or events for students to practice in. It promotes critical thinking in a safe environment. Though setting up simulations takes more time and resources than traditional methods.
This document discusses community resources that can be used for teaching and learning. It defines community resources as the tangible things in a community that can enrich learning, like places of civic, cultural, commercial, geographical, historical, and scientific interest. It lists some specific examples of these places. The objectives of utilizing community resources are to develop new interests, attitudes, and a desire to participate in the community. Teachers can take students into the community for field trips and service or bring community members into the school through guest speakers and events. Overall, the community is a rich source of supplemental learning materials.
Bruner's theory of discovery learning posits that learning is an active social process where the learner selects information, forms hypotheses, and integrates new material into their existing cognitive structures. According to Bruner, learners are inquirers of knowledge who learn through discovery. The process of learning is more important than the material itself. Bruner outlined three stages of learning: enactive (concrete experiences), iconic (mental representations), and symbolic (higher-order thinking and symbols). Effective discovery learning involves tapping into learner curiosity, appropriately structuring materials, and constant interaction between teachers and learners to test hypotheses.
Operant conditioning is a process of learning through reinforcement or punishment of voluntary behaviors. Organisms learn to repeat behaviors that yield positive outcomes or allow them to avoid negative ones. There are two types of responses - elicited responses triggered by a specific stimulus and emitted responses not triggered by a known stimulus. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement to increase the frequency of desired behaviors. Reinforcers are stimuli that strengthen behaviors and can be positive, like praise or rewards, or negative, like removing an unpleasant stimulus. Punishment differs in that it aims to decrease undesirable behaviors rather than increase desirable ones. Operant conditioning has educational implications as teachers can modify student behaviors using reinforcement principles.
Critical pedagogy aims to develop critical thinking in learners so they can question dominant beliefs and practices. It focuses on dialogue and transforming education to be more democratic and address the experiences of marginalized groups. The banking system views education as the depositing of knowledge by teachers into passive students. In contrast, problem posing education is a student-centered approach where learning begins with problems from students' lives and involves co-creation of knowledge through dialogue. The teacher takes on facilitator roles instead of solely imparting information.
Classical conditioning theory proposes that learning is a process of forming associations between stimuli and responses. It involves modifying natural responses by pairing a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a desired response. Pavlov's classical conditioning experiments showed that a dog could learn to associate a bell with food and eventually salivate upon hearing the bell alone. The theory has educational implications for developing good habits in children, motivating learning, and using audiovisual aids to reinforce conditioning.
This document discusses behaviourism and Thorndike's trial and error theory of learning. Behaviourism views learning as behaviour modification through reinforcement and drill/practice techniques. Thorndike's theory proposed that learning occurs through a process of trial and error, where learners make random responses until finding the correct one. With repeated trials, incorrect responses are eliminated and correct ones are strengthened through reinforcement or satisfaction. Thorndike also described laws of learning related to readiness, exercise, and the effect of reinforcement on strengthening connections between stimuli and responses. The implications are that motivation, reinforcement, review, and linking new knowledge to past experience are important for learning.
This document discusses techniques for evaluating curriculum. It begins by defining curriculum evaluation as an attempt to gauge the effectiveness and value of educational projects and work undertaken by students. There are two levels of curriculum evaluation: formative evaluation during curriculum development to provide feedback and influence revisions, and summative evaluation after implementation to appraise the final curriculum. Several techniques are described for evaluating curriculum, including observation, questionnaires, checklists, interviews, workshops/group discussions, and the Delphi technique. The goal of curriculum evaluation is to improve educational goals, materials, and instructional methods over time based on advances in fields and feedback from students, teachers, and other stakeholders.
Principles of curriculum construction & modern trends in curriculum devel...Surekha Gireesh
This document discusses principles of curriculum construction and modern trends in curriculum development. It outlines key principles such as child-centeredness, community-centeredness, and activity-centeredness. Modern trends emphasized include conceptual learning, integrated approaches, decentralized curriculum, pupil-centered learning, and use of self-learning and low-cost materials. The document also describes different types of curriculum, including subject-centered, activity-centered, child-centered, experience-centered, and undifferentiated curriculum.
Vygotsky's social constructivism holds that learning is a social and communicative process where knowledge is constructed through cultural and social interactions. It emphasizes that development cannot be separated from its social context, and that language plays an important role in mental development. According to this theory, construction of knowledge only occurs when learners interact socially, and learning involves internalizing socially negotiated mental functions through zones of proximal development, where more knowledgeable others provide scaffolding assistance.
Micro teaching is a scaled down teaching method used to train teachers, where they teach a small topic to a small group for a short period of time. It simplifies the complexities of regular teaching and allows teachers to focus on specific teaching behaviors. Micro teaching provides trainees with controlled practice and immediate feedback to improve their skills through repetition of planning, teaching, receiving feedback, and reteaching. The goal is to prepare teachers through an analytical approach in a less complex environment than regular classroom teaching.
The document discusses pedagogic analysis, which involves logically breaking down curriculum into its components. It includes determining objectives, selecting learning experiences, and pooling resources. The key steps are content analysis to identify objectives and prerequisites, designing learning experiences, and providing feedback and remediation. Pedagogic analysis helps teachers set goals, deepen their understanding of curriculum, pool resources effectively, adopt learner-centered instruction, and develop evaluation tools.
Techno pedagogical analysis of content knowledgeSurekha Gireesh
TPCK is a framework to understand & describe the kinds of knowledge needed by a teacher for effective pedagogical practices in a technology enhanced environment
E content refers to electronic content such as text, images, graphics, animations, audio, and video that can be displayed offline or online on web pages and transferred between computers and over the internet. E content has characteristics of being learner-centered, friendly for both learners and teachers, having multiple purposes, innovative applications, being technology-friendly, and internet-based. The phases of developing e content include analysis, design, development, testing, implementation, and evaluation. Common forms of e content include text, pictures/photographs, sound, video, animation, simulation, and presentations.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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2. Interdisciplinary Approach- Meaning
Interdisciplinary refers to combination/ integration of
two or more academic disciplines into one.
Interaction between two or more disciplines is called
an interdisciplinary approach
3. Characteristics
Integration of two or more disciplines
Unification of knowledge through the meaningful
correlation of disciplines
Makes learning easier, interesting, natural & significant to
real life.
Combines the expertise of two or more disciplines
Contents of education is the result of interdisciplinary
approach
4. Importance
Encourage the students to make
connection between academic
disciplines
Relevant, timely, less fragmented,
enriching learning experiences
Minimizes subjectivity, department
bias & increase mental efficiency