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philosophical sociological psychological of curriculum development

The document discusses the philosophical, sociological, and psychological foundations of curriculum development. It addresses four major philosophical positions that have influenced curriculum - idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism. It also examines learning theories from a behavioral, cognitive, and phenomenological perspective and how they contribute to curriculum. Finally, it outlines the sociological foundation for curriculum, including how social issues and the transmission of culture from groups and institutions should be considered in curriculum making.

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the philosophical sociological psychological of curriculum development
Hello! AnaLuz A. Fuentebella CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT (ADAPTATION AND MODIFICATION IN SPECIAL EDUCATION) MAED MA SPED MASE 403A DR. AIDA S. DAMIAN Ed D University of Perpetual Help System DALTA in Las Piñas 2
A study evaluated the role of three curriculum foundational areas-- philosophical, sociological, and psychological--with particular emphasis on the philosophical basis for curriculum planning. Impressions on curriculum were gained from the literature and from practitioners.
4 A comprehensive view of the curriculum requires a consideration of the nature and needs of the individual, the aspirations and requirements of society, and the process by which the individual incorporates experience. As the study on curriculum is very wide, the audience chosen should be from all walks of life. Important to the discussion are four foundations of curriculum philosophical, historical psychological and social impacting education in our past and present day educational system. Each of the four major foundations has played a significant role in curriculum development, instructional practices and curriculum development
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS Based upon fundamental beliefs that arise from one's philosophy of Education, curricular decisions involve consideration of several topics and issues. Precisely for this reason, we consider philosophy one of the major foundation areas in curriculum In this section, we shall explore several different philosophies of education that influence curricular decisions. 5
Studying philosophy helps us deal with our own personal systems of beliefs and values the way we perceive the world around us and how we define what is important to us. A philosophical issues have always influenced society and institutions of learning, a study of the philosophy of education in terms of Curriculum development is essential. In essence, a philosophy of education influences, and to a large extent determines, our educational decisions and alternatives. Those who are responsible for curricular decisions, therefore, should be clear about what they believe. If we are unclear or confused about our own beliefs, then our curricular plans are bound to be unclear and confusing. One important step in developing a personal philosophy of education is to understand the various alternatives that others have developed over the years. Here we shall look into the following four major philosophical positions that have, hitherto, influenced 6
i) Idealism ii) Realism v) Pragmatism i) Existentialism four major philosophical positions 7
8 Idealism The doctrine of idealism suggests that matter is an illusion and that realty is that which exists mentally. It emphasizes moral and spiritual reality as the chief explanation of the world and considers moral values absolute, timeless and universal.
9 Realism What kind of philosophy will that be? Realists consider Education a matter of reality rather than speculation. Application, The paramount responsibility of the teacher, then, is to impart to learners the knowledge about the world they live in. What scholars of various disciplines have discovered about the world constitutes this knowledge.
10 existentialism Focuses on individual not a logical theory but one can be felt as an attitude or mood, Awareness, anxiety, choice take on special meaning, revolt against the traditional philosophical stance, Away of life which involves one’s total self in complete seriousness about the self.
11 Pragmatism To consider, therefore, what is changeless (idealism) and inherited the perceived universe (rea1ism) and to discard social and/or perceptual change is detrimental to the overall development and growth of children. You can now visualize how pragmatism would have influenced the framing of curriculum.
12PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS By providing a basis for understanding the teaching/learning process, educational psychology deals with how people learn. By implication, it emphasizes the need to recognize diversity among learners. However, it is also true that people share certain common characteristics. Among these are basic psychological needs which are necessary for individuals to lead a full and happy life. In this section, we shall be talking about the major learning theories and their contribution to curriculum development. Besides, we shall touch upon the basic psychological needs of individuals and reflect on their translation into curriculum. we shall at this juncture remind ourselves that our m thrust w be on the contributions made by the theories of learning for curriculum development
13Let us therefore make it clear that we are not, right now, interested in studying the theories of learning in detail, which has already been done to some extent in earlier courses on distance education. Learning theories and curriculum For the sake of convenience we have classified the major theories of learning into the following groups i)Behaviorist theories which deal with various aspects of stimulus response and reinforcement scheme. ii) Cognitve theories which view the learner in relationship with the total environment; iii) Phenomenology which emphasize s the affective domain of learning. Let us take up each of them in the given order and examine its contribution to curriculum development
14 Sociological Curriculum It studies human behavior in groups social structure and social phenomena different forms of human interrelations - Latin “Socius” - “social or being with others” - and the Greek “logos” - “study” Therefore, the term “Sociology” basically means the “study of social beings”.
15 The Sociological Foundation Issues from society including groups and institutions in the culture and their contribution to education - refers to issues from society that have an influence on curriculum. There are many aspects of the society that need consideration in curriculum making. These include: Changes occurring in societal structures; Transmission of culture; social problems as issues for Curriculum and Economics issues.
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