INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH- MEANING DEFINITION SCOPE AND FUNCTION

SCOPE AND FUNCTIONS OF
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Presented byPresented by
Dr K S Sajan
M Sc, M A, M Ed., M Phil. PhD
N.S.S. Training College
Ottappalam

Contents
• What is Research?( meaning & definition)
• What is Educational Research? (meaning &
definition)definition)
• Characteristics of educational research
• Scope of educational research
• Functions of educational research
7/17/2019 2sajanemail@gmail.com 9496354916

What is research?
• ‘re’ → again and again
• ‘search’ → to examine closely and
carefully
• re + search → a process of which a• re + search → a process of which a
person observes the phenomena
again and again collects
data about it, and on the
basis of this data ,draws
some conclusions also

PERSON PHENOMENA CONCLUSION
AGAIN &AGAIN
COLLECTION
OF DATA
ANALYSIS
OF DATA
OBSERVES
• In the broadest sense , research means
any gathering of data , information ,and
facts for the advancement of knowledge.
AGAIN &AGAIN OF DATA

Definition
• “According to Redman & Morry ,research
is a systematised effort to gain knowledge”
• According to R.Rusk ,”research is a point of
view , an attitude of enquiry ,or a frame of
mind”.

What is an educational research?
• An application of scientific method to the study of• An application of scientific method to the study of
educational problems.
• Education is a behavioral science ,the major concern of
educational research is to understand , explain , and
to some degree predict and control human
behavior7/17/2019 6sajanemail@gmail.com 9496354916

Definitions
• “Educational Research is that activity
which is directed towards the development
of science of behaviour in educational
situations “situations “
– W M Transverse
• “The final purpose of educational research
is to ascertain principles and develop
procedures in the field of education “7/17/2019 7sajanemail@gmail.com 9496354916

Characteristics of
educational research
• A sound philosophy of education as the
basis
• Based on insight and imagination• Based on insight and imagination
• Requires an inter-disciplinary approach
• Usually employs deductive reasoning
process

• Comes out of a desire to do things better
• Not as exact as research in physical science
• Not the field of specialists only
• Requires inexpensive material
• Based on subjectivity and intangibility of social phenomena
• Cannot be dealt through empirical methods
• Based on inter dependence of causes and effects
• Not a mechanical process

Scope of educational research
Educational research primarily focuses on
experimentation to gain awareness on a specific
topic. We can measure the scope of educational
research through the analysis of the benefitsresearch through the analysis of the benefits
derived from the research process ,of any
specific areas of the education.
In common, benefits of educational research are:

–Inform action
–Solve existing problems
–Research and decision making
–In-depth analysis
Scope of educational research extended in
each field of education…

Curriculum
In curriculum
constructionconstruction
research can give
answers to 3
questions

• What to teach?
• (at various levels of education , to various types of
pupils)
• How much?
• In what form?(inside /outside learning )

Textbooks and syllabi

• A research activity can prescribe appropriate
textbooks and syllabi suitable to the aims and
objectives of the curriculum, example) modern
curriculum give importance to IT education

Methods of teaching
• Research can be made in
comparison between traditional
approach with modern
approach of teachingapproach of teaching
• example)comparison between
lecture method and discussion
method

School organisation
• Research can
answer to existing
problems in

– Age of entrance to school
– Proper size of class
– Efficiency of teaching
– Examination procedures– Examination procedures
– Promotion and wastage
– Co-education
– Comprehensive or multipurpose schools

Educational Aids Equipments
• Research is required for
– Construction, utilization, and
evaluations and the
effectiveness of audio- visualseffectiveness of audio- visuals
– Designing of proper building,
chairs, desks, tables, lockers,
furniture's etc.

Child Development
• A proper
research in
this area canthis area can
give a clear
idea about:

–Conditions which lead to hamper a full and
harmonious development of a child's
personality
–Provision for individual differences (gifted–Provision for individual differences (gifted
children, backward children, maladjusted,
delinquent children)

Skills
• A proper research
can provide much
better ideas inbetter ideas in
development of skills
of

–Reading (vocabulary, comprehension, speed)
–Spelling
–Handwriting(speed, legibility, fluency)–Handwriting(speed, legibility, fluency)
• Research can also prescribe proper
diagnostic and remedial measures too

Guidance And Counseling
• Role of family and
neighborhood in
making the children
adjusted in the society

• Methodology of vocational guidance for children
belonging to different strata's of society
• Identification of success factors in the life of
studentsstudents
• Adaptations of foreign tests and inventories to
Indian situation

Educational Administration
and Management
In this area research can answer to the
problems of ,
• Freedom and• Freedom and
responsibility(Students, teachers,
Head of departments, and
department of education

• Finance,
• Educational planning and legislations
• Implications of management theories on
educational institutionseducational institutions
• Supervision and performance
• Liberalization and privatization of education in
India and so- on

Educational Measurement
A research can make
suggestions in
• the existing forms of tests.
• The construction and
standardization of more
valid and reliable
instruments7/17/2019 28sajanemail@gmail.com 9496354916

Educational Technology
Educational
research in thisresearch in this
field is helpful in

• Development of new teaching strategy
• Analysis of role of technology in education
• Proper application of psychology in the field• Proper application of psychology in the field
of education
• Development of new audio visual aids

Special Education

• Physically challenged are both genetic and
acquired
• In India there are 34 millions of Physically Challenged
• Only research can provide proper solutions to their• Only research can provide proper solutions to their
problems
• Proper scientific investigation have enough scope
in this field of study

Comparative Education
• Through educational research
we can generalize that
geographical ,cultural , socio-
economic and political
conditions influence educational
systems of different countries

• It is possible to make a comparative
analysis of various educational systems
with all of it’s background
factors(economy, politics..etc

Teacher Education

Research can be conducted in
• Goals of teacher education
• Curriculum, syllabi, methods …etc. of teacher
educationeducation
• Personality of teachers
• Job analysis
• Aptitude analysis7/17/2019 36sajanemail@gmail.com 9496354916

Problems of Indian education
Researches in this area

• Primary, secondary, higher secondary ,
vocational, technical,..etc. educational fields
• Recommendations of commissions and
committees in education

History of Education
Study of historical
aspects is important
for future planning offor future planning of
educational system as
a whole, the study is
possible in,7/17/2019 39sajanemail@gmail.com 9496354916

• Beginnings &developments of present
systems (nursery, primary, secondary,
university education)university education)
• For example, historical research may be
carried, in teaching of English in India7/17/2019 40sajanemail@gmail.com 9496354916

Philosophy of education
Research is possible in,
• Present implications of
ancient philosophyancient philosophy
• Development of new
practical Indian
philosophies

• Role of ideology, logic, knowledge,
beliefs and values in educational context
• Reorganization of social structure and
educational systems in India

Psychology of Education
• Research of this field
is helpful to teacher,
to understand the
child in classroomchild in classroom
and so can improve
teaching learning
process

• Wide Scope for the study of various
psychological concepts and understand
their relative effectiveness in various
educational settings

Sociology of Education
Various dimensions of
research in this field are,
• Effects of changes in
demographic

• Effects of NEP-1986, 1992, 2019 on expansion of
education and unemployment
• Role of teachers, schools ,social and cultural
factors,…etc in the process of social change
• Education in disadvantaged sections of the society
• Minorities and their problems
• Reservation policy and it’s impact on social system

Functions Of Educational
Research
In fact research is an attitude of inquiry and
it’s functioning can be classified into
different types as;
• Basic /pure /fundamental/theoretical
research7/17/2019 47sajanemail@gmail.com 9496354916

Basic research
• Also known as pure/
fundamental/theoretical research
• Fundamental research helps in developing
theories by discovering broadtheories by discovering broad
generalizations and principles. It is
organized through various procedures of
research like sampling hypothesizing facts
…etc7/17/2019 48sajanemail@gmail.com 9496354916

• Education is a behavioral science ; pure
research is helpful in making
generalizations about the human
behaviour. Example)researches in
useful concepts like motivation
,reinforcement….etc7/17/2019 49sajanemail@gmail.com 9496354916

Applied research
• Applied research
utilizes the principles
of pure research toof pure research to
know the problems with
best possible manner

• Education is an applied science ,by the application of
scientific method in the study of educational problem
researcher make improvements in that specific field of
education
• Obtains scientific and specific knowledge about the• Obtains scientific and specific knowledge about the
problem
• Example: research conducted to identify reasons of
poor result of a school

Action research
• Action research is the
process by which
practitioners attempt to
study their problemsstudy their problems
scientifically in order to
guide , correct and
evaluate their decisions
and actions

• The aim of action research is immediate application, but
not any development of theory
• It helps to diagnose the field problems & to prepare better
learning experiences,
• example) Research in poor handwriting• example) Research in poor handwriting
• It enables to make changes in behavior, attitude
,confidence level ,…etc of the whole system(refreshment
of educational system)

• In conclusion…..at this age of science and
technology ,thanks to the advancement in
the field of education , each year new
products, new facts, new concepts ,new
ways of doing things have come into our
lives…

THANK YOU

INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH- MEANING DEFINITION SCOPE AND FUNCTION

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