Refers to effective communication between people, workers and people of different cultural background
A communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems re distinct enough to alter the communication event
An academic field of study which seeks to understand how people from different countries and culture behave and communicate
The interpersonal interaction between members of different groups which differ from each other in respect of the knowledge shared by their members
This session will discussed the following areas:
1. Intercultural education
2. Intercultural Education
3. Communications and its forms
4. Language and different types of languages
5. Relationship of Language and Culture
Refers to effective communication between people, workers and people of different cultural background
A communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems re distinct enough to alter the communication event
An academic field of study which seeks to understand how people from different countries and culture behave and communicate
The interpersonal interaction between members of different groups which differ from each other in respect of the knowledge shared by their members
This session will discussed the following areas:
1. Intercultural education
2. Intercultural Education
3. Communications and its forms
4. Language and different types of languages
5. Relationship of Language and Culture
On 26 August 2014 the Center for Persona Research and Application hosted a seminar on International User Studies and Personas at the IT University of Copenhagen. 40 people from 35 different companies participated. Read more about the seminar here:
http://infinit.dk/dk/hvad_kan_vi_goere_for_dig/viden/reportage//seminar_on_international_user_studies_and_personas.htm
presentation introducing cross cultural communication information and tips to avoid the largest hazard companies have in today\'s global business world.
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On 26 August 2014 the Center for Persona Research and Application hosted a seminar on International User Studies and Personas at the IT University of Copenhagen. 40 people from 35 different companies participated. Read more about the seminar here:
http://infinit.dk/dk/hvad_kan_vi_goere_for_dig/viden/reportage//seminar_on_international_user_studies_and_personas.htm
presentation introducing cross cultural communication information and tips to avoid the largest hazard companies have in today\'s global business world.
A guest Lecture by Obioha Durunna for ALES204: Communications: Theory & Practise class run by Dr. Jessica Laccetti. Obi regaled the class with examples of how easy it is to misunderstand cultures different from our own and that tolerance is key.
Global Communication - Week 9 @ Creativity and Multicultural Communication. CMC11 is an open online course that over 13 weeks explores the domain of Creativity and global communication in multidisciplinary venues. Participation is open to everyone and there are no fees or subscriptions required. http://www.cdlprojects.com/cmc11blog/
Chapter 4 barriers to intercultural communicationCCUCLASSA2017
This Presentation explain about the barriers to intercultural communication. this presentation is created by group 2 in Cross-Cultural Understanding Class, English Education Program, Yogyakarta State University.
Hoe kan je data gebruiken om beter te beslissen? Booking.com werkt samen met Netwerven en vertelt hoe je met data je beslissingsproces kan verbeteren.Think big, act small.
The modern labor force is more diverse than ever and consists of a broad selection of expertise, customs, qualifications, viewpoints and perceptions regarding work- All these things impact communication on the job.
Laboratorio realizzato con il contributo dell'Iniziativa Laboratori dal Basso, azione della Regione Puglia cofinanziata dalla UE attraverso il PO FSE 2007-2013
Finanziato da ARTI Puglia, il corso gratuito “Lavorare in gruppo? Un’impresa! Un'impresa!: Conflitti, comunicazione e cooperazione per l'impresa sostenible” mira a fornire le competenze per migliorare l’efficienza del lavoro di gruppo e garantire la sostenibilità di un progetto imprenditoriale nel lungo periodo.
A promuoverlo l'Associazione VulcanicaMente , già attiva a livello locale ed europeo.
L'ultimo di 5 moduli "Multiculturalismo a lavoro: processi interculturali e mediazione
in contesti lavorativi interculturali" ha visto la partecipazione di :
Graziano Tullio, Trainer europeo S.A.L.T.O. esperto in team building, comunicazione efficace e cooperative learning.
Sandro Mazzi,docente presso il dipartimento di comunicazione dell’Istituto Lorenzo de’ Medici di Firenze, il campus italiano del Marist College di Poughkeepsie/New York ,coach e consulente con The Performance Coach S.R.L.
Info:www.vulcanicamente.it o vulcanicamente.project@gmail.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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2. AIM & OBJECTIVE
Aim
To understand the concept of Intercultural Communication
Objectives
To examine the different between high-context society and
low-context society
To assess the role of culture influencing marketing activities
To apply the Intercultural Communication concept to
marketing strategy
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Culture and Communication
The definition of Intercultural Communication
Hall’s Theory - High-context vs Low-context
Direct vs Indirect communication
Intercultural communication (Hall’s theory) & Marketing
Conclusion
Recommendations
References
4. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE
UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN
DIFFERENT CULTURES?
5. CULTURE
UNDERSTANDING
To understand people behaviour
To prevent the misunderstanding
To respect the differences between
cultures
To communicate the right message to
the right people
6. “Communication is the
vehicle by which
meanings are conveyed,
identity is composed and
reinforced, and feelings
are expressed.
As we communicate using
different cultural habits
and meaning systems,
both conflict and harmony
are possible outcomes of
any interaction.”
LeBaron, 2003
8. “Interpersonal interaction between members of different
groups, which differ from each other in respect of knowledge
shared by their members and in respect of their linguistic
forms of symbolic behaviour”
Miric, 2008
10. HIGH-CONTEXT &
LOW-CONTEXT
“Communication varies according to its degree of field
dependence, and that it can be classified into two general
categories = High-context and Low-context”
LeBaron, 2003
“High-context and Low-context Communication refers
to the degree to which speakers rely on factors other
than explicit speech to convey their message”
Hall, 1971
11. EDWARD T. HALL
Cultural anthropologist
Ph.D., Columbia university
Best known for his work in
intercultural relation and
communication
One of the founders of
intercultural communication
study
12. HALL’S FRAMEWORK
Low-context culture High-context culture
(High Individualism) (Collectivism)
Explicit manner Implicit manner
Focused on requirements High commitment to long
term relationship
Avoid merging of issues
Merge
Precise
Not kept separate
Punctuality
Relaxed about time
13. HALL’S THEORY
High-Context Low-Context
Covert messages Overt Messages
Internalized Messages Plainly Coded Messages
Extensive non-verbal codes Details verbalized
Reaction Reserved Reaction on surface
Distinct In and Out Groups Flexible In and Out Groups
Strong interpersonal bonds Weak interpersonal bonds
High commitment Low commitment
Open time Closed time
14. HIGH & LOW CONTEXT
High-context cultures, verbal messages have little meaning
without the surrounding context, which includes the overall
relationship between all the people engaged in
communication.
Low-context cultures exclude many of those stimuli and
focus more intensely on the object communication event.
The message itself means everything.
McDowell, 2003
15. PAUSE FOR THOUGHTS
Do I recognize implied messages from others, and am I
aware of the verbal and non-verbal cues that let me
understand the speaker’s meaning?
Do I let my words speak for themselves? Do I prefer to be
more direct, relying on what is explicitly stated in my
speech?
17. WHY UNDERSTANDING
THE INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION BENEFIT
MARKETING ACTIVITIES?
18. CROSS-CULTURAL &
MARKETING
Cross-cultural marketing can be seen as the strategic process of
marketing among customers whose culture differs from that the
marketers’ own culture
Consumption research is an essential precondition for appropriate
product design
All market behaviours are culture-bound, so the marketers need to
understand the culture and match marketing mix with consumer
preferences, purchasing behaviour and product-used patterns in a
potential market.
20. DIRECT-INDIRECT
COMMUNICATION
* Direct communication is when the meaning of the message
is communicated mainly via words
* Indirect communication is when meaning is not only in the
words, but mainly in the surrounding context of a
conversation. In other words, somebody who is indirect will
leave it up to the listener to fill in the blanks and make out
the meaning by correctly reading the contextual clues (non-
verbal communication, status and/or age of people involved
in the conversation etc.)
21. BODY LANGUAGE &
SILENT LANGUAGE
Body language is a form of non-verbal communication,
which consist of body posture, gestures, facial expressions
and eyes movement
Body language may provide clues to the attitude or state of
mind of a person
Silent or indirect communication doesn’t always show
disinterest, but could be a sign for respect
22. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES
& MARKETING APPROACHES
High-context culture: Indirect and transformational
advertising messages creating emotions through pictures
and entertainment
Low-context culture: Direct and rational advertising
messages providing product information
23. HIGH-CONTEXT
ADVERTISEMENT EXAMPLE
High-context communication
* Ambiguous message with very
little information about the
product
Advertisement for Kewpie half
50% less cholesterol Mayonnaise
(From top to bottom): Whether or not I’m by myself is fine
(the direct translation is actually ‘by myself is fine, not by
myself is fine too’), Convenience, Kewpie half
24. LOW-CONTEXT
ADVERTISEMENT EXAMPLE
Low-context communication
* Informative, data-oriented with
direct message
Advertisement for California Milk
Processor Board
You should see what underneath. The calcium in milk keeps
bones strong and and helps prevent osteoporosis
25. CULTURE RELATED
DESIGN CRITERIA
Layout: written text -> information/ rational (low-context
communication)
Layout: visual picture -> entertainment/ emotional (high-
context communication)
30. CLASS ACTIVITIES
How can you sell this product according to the cultural concept
of High-context and Low-context?
31. CONCLUSION
Companies have to consider cultural differences and
establish a global mindset
Culture influences consumer behaviour and their perception
To send the right message, to the right person at the right
time is the key of intercultural communication of marketing
32. RECOMMENDATION
Low-context communicators interacting with high-context
communicators should be mindful that
* nonverbal messages and gestures may be as important as what is said
* status and identity may be communicated nonverbally and require appropriate
acknowledgement
* face-saving and tact may be important, and need to be balance with the desire to
communicate fully and frankly
* building a good relationship can contribute to effectiveness overtime
* indirect routes and creative thinking are important alternatives to problem-solving
when blocks are encountered
33. RECOMMENDATION
High-context communicators interacting with Low-context
communicators should be mindful that
* things can be taken at face value rather than as representative of layer of meanings
* roles and functions maybe decoupled from status and identity
* efficiency and effectiveness may be served by a sustained focus on tasks
* direct questions and observations are not necessarily meant to offend, but to clarify
and advance shared goals
* indirect cues may not be enough to get the other’s attention
35. REFERENCES
Annonymous, (2002-2011). Hall’s cultural factors, Changing mind. Available at http://changingminds.org/explanations/culture/
hall_culture.htm [Accessed on September 17, 2011].
Beyond Intractability, (2003). Cultural Diversity. Available at http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/communication_tools/
[Accessed on October 8, 2011].
Hall, E., (2011). Nonverbal communication; Intercultural relations; Anthropology, Edward T. Hall. Available at http://
www.edwardthall.com/ [Accessed on September 17, 2011].
Hubpage, (2011). High Context vs. Low Context Communication. Available at http://mqjeffrey.hubpages.com/hub/High-Context-vs-Low-
Context-Communication [Accessed on October 7, 2011]
McDowell, M. (2003). High Context & Low Context. Available at faculty.pcc.edu/~mmcdowel/eng240fall03/eng240highlowcontext.pdf.
[Accessed on October 8, 2011].
Melcrum Publishing, (2009). Understand cultural differences for clearer communication. Available at http://
www.internalcommshub.com/open/news/shrm08.us.shtml [Accessed on October 7, 2011].
Miric, N., (2008). Re-imaging Understanding of Intercultural Communication, Culture and Culturing, Journal of Intercultural
Communication. xx(17). pp. xx. Available at http://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr17/bakic.htm [Accessed on October 8,2011].
36. REFERENCES
Missana, S., (xx). The silent language, The Grip of Culture: Edward T. Hall. Available at http://www.ishk.net/hall.pdf [Accessed on
October 7, 2011].
Rika’s blog, (2009). High and Low Context Communication. Available at http://rninomiya.wordpress.com/2009/05/24/high-and-low-
context-communication/ [Accessed on October 7, 2011].