The document discusses key concepts around globalization and intercultural communication. It outlines 5 fundamental assumptions about intercultural communication: 1) Messages between speakers from different cultures can be interpreted differently due to differences in values, emotions, and behaviors. 2) Nonverbal communication varies across cultures. 3) Communication styles differ across cultures. 4) Interpretation of messages depends on cultural background. 5) Intercultural communication can cause anxiety but adapting one's style can help make others comfortable. It also discusses the concepts of individualism versus collectivism in cultures and how cultures can influence a person's identity, behaviors, and values.

1. Lesson 2 - Communication
and Globalization
PART II.
The Communication Process
in the Social Context

2. CONTENTS
Globalization

3. GLOBALIZATION
 may be seen as an interconnectedness of economic
relationships, political units as well as digital networks.
Such technology and other social networks have
transformed the economic and social relationships
breaking cultural barriers. Hence, cultural and civic
discourse will mold information and communication
technologies.

4. FUNDAMENTAL ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

5. Messages relayed are not usually the messages received.
Assumption #1
 When two speakers from different cultures interact, their values,
emotions, perceptions, and behaviours greatly affect the
interpretation of their messages.
 “Intercultural communication is a symbolic activity where the
thoughts and ideas of one are encoded into a verbal/or nonverbal
message format, then transmitted through some channel to
another person who must decode it, interpret it, and respond to it”

6. Messages relayed are not usually the messages received.
Assumption #1
 When two speakers from different cultures interact, their values,
emotions, perceptions, and behaviours greatly affect the
interpretation of their messages.
 “Intercultural communication is a symbolic activity where the
thoughts and ideas of one are encoded into a verbal/or nonverbal
message format, then transmitted through some channel to
another person who must decode it, interpret it, and respond to it”

7. A nonverbal act between individuals
Assumption #2
 Since it is said that intercultural communication is a nonverbal procedure
where articulation of power, intimacy and status being combined with
“paralinguistic cues, proxemics, haptics, oculesics, and olfatics”.
 Different sensory is shared by different cultures. Edwards Hall (cited from
Neuliep, 2006) claims that various cultures employ in “selective screening of
sensory information” that will eventually result in different perspective.
“Regarding olfactics (smell), most cultures establish norms for acceptable and
unacceptable scents associated with the human body. W

8. Involvement of style in communication among speakers
Assumption #3
 There are communication gaps and only wisdom tells as
whether to when to intimacy in relationships is best
demonstrated without words according to Japanese and
some native American tribes.

9. Messages relayed are not usually the messages received.
Assumption #4
 When two speakers from different cultures interact, their values,
emotions, perceptions, and behaviours greatly affect the
interpretation of their messages.
 “Intercultural communication is a symbolic activity where the
thoughts and ideas of one are encoded into a verbal/or nonverbal
message format, then transmitted through some channel to
another person who must decode it, interpret it, and respond to it”

10. A circuitous of adaptation and stress
Assumption #5
 It is normal to feel anxious, apprehensive and uncertain when one
mingles and speaks to another person from a different culture. It
is important to be flexible and adapt a communication style to be
able to make the other individual comfortable. Being able to
recognize that people from various cultures are different is really
an advantage. This will lead the speaker to adjust the verbal and
nonverbal symbols appropriately to the individual from another
culture.

11. Cultural Context

12. “Cultural hides more than it reveals, and
strangely enough what it hides most effectively
from its own participants.”
-Edward T. Hall (Cited from Neuliep, 2015)

13. Cultural Context
 Culture is learned and shapes a person's ideas, thoughts, emotions, and
behavior
 Culture is not innate, but rather always learned
 Culture is more a human phenomenon than a geographic one
 Cultures are dynamic and constantly changing
 Culture may be low or high and demonstrates the degree of affiliation with
the self
 There is no such thing as a pure individualistic or collectivistic culture
 Cultural dimensions can be opposing or fixed and may change over time
 Examples such as Japan show how cultures can shift from collectivistic to
individualistic over time

14. Individualism
 Focuses on individual goals
 Aims to benefit the individual
 Every person is seen as unique with distinct talents and potential
 Enables individuals to hone their creativity, develop independence,
and confidence
 People in individualistic cultures are disconnected from in-groups
like family
 Belong to several groups, but their stay is short-lived

15. Collectivism
 Assumes that groups blend well by serving the in-group (family, neighbors, or
occupational groups)
 People are identified by their membership, not viewed as isolated individuals
 Emphasizes harmony and prefers the significance of the group over individuals
 Behaviors are role-based, and deviations from the prescribed role are
discouraged and often negatively sanctioned
 A person's behavior is guided more by shame than personal guilt
 A collectivist who stands out from the group disrupts harmony and may be
punished
 Most collectivistic cultures value social reciprocity, obligation, dependence,
and obedience.

16. TYPES OF CULTURAL
ORIENTATION
 Horizontal Individualism
 Vertical Individualism
 Horizontal Collectivism
 Vertical Collectivism

17. Horizontal Individualism
 speaks of an autonomous self that values the
individual more and independence is being highlighted.
Vertical Individualism
 values the autonomous self by seeing it as difference
and an equal to others. It also emphasizes status and
competition.

18. Horizontal Collectivism
 notes the self as a member of a group sharing the same
values and interests. The self is reliant and equality is
expected.
Vertical Collectivism
 believes that the self is an integral part of the in group
even if the members are different from the other. It also
specifies the group’s interdependence and in equality

19. Thank you