9. Theological Questions
1. Is the Roman Catholic Church the only true Church?
What about the Eastern Orthodox Church who have the original Greek NT
10. Theological Questions
1. Is the Roman Catholic Church the only Church?
2. Is the Pope the vicar of Christ? What about when there were 2 Popes?
11. Theological Questions
1. Is the Roman Catholic Church the only Church?
2. Is the Pope the vicar of Christ?
3. Does the Pope have the authority to free souls from Purgatory? Then
why doesn’t he absolve all Christians from sin and save them?
12. Theological Questions
1. Is the Roman Catholic Church the only Church?
2. Is the Pope the vicar of Christ?
3. Does the Pope have the authority to free souls from Purgatory?
4. How is a person saved from their sins?
13. ⸀λογιζ
ό
µεθα ⸁γ
ὰ
ρ δικαιο
ῦ
σθαι ⸂π
ί
στει
ἄ
νθρωπον⸃ χωρ
ὶ
ς
ἔ
ργων ν
ό
µου.
For we hold that one is justi
fi
ed by faith, apart from works of the law (ESV)
For we account a man be justi
fi
ed by faith without the works of the law (Vulg)
Romans 3:28
14. ⸀λογιζ
ό
µεθα ⸁γ
ὰ
ρ δικαιο
ῦ
σθαι ⸂π
ί
στει
ἄ
νθρωπον⸃ χωρ
ὶ
ς
ἔ
ργων ν
ό
µου.
For we hold that one is justi
fi
ed by faith, apart from works of the law (ESV)
For we account a man be justi
fi
ed by faith without the works of the law (Vulg)
Romans 3:28
15. For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not
your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that
no one may boast.
(Eph 2:8-9 ESV)
22. Protestant Christianity
1. Bible alone
2. Faith alone
3. Priesthood of all Christians
4. Rejected purgatory
5. Rejected papal authority
6. Rejected veneration of saints
7. Two sacraments: Baptism &
Communion
8. Church is ALL Christians
23. The Five Solas
1. Bible alone — Sola Scriptura
2. Faith alone — Sola Fide
3. Grace alone — Sola Gratia
4. Christ alone — Sola Christos
5. Glory to God alone — Soli Dei Gloria
32. Calvinism
• God elects who will be saved (predestination)
• God elects who will NOT be saved (double predestination)
• Christ only died for those who will be saved (limited atonement)
• Christians cannot lose their salvation
• Bread and Wine are only symbolic
38. Methodism
• Personal experience of conversion
• Salvation is a personal choice
• A person can lose their salvation
• Sancti
fi
cation is a second experience AFTER conversion
39. Protestant Church
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Church of England
Anabaptists
Free
Church
Lutherans
Presbyterian
Church
Episcopal
Church
Methodist
Church
John Wesley
Reformed
Church
40. Protestant Church
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Church of England
Anabaptists
Free
Church
Lutherans
Presbyterian
Church
Episcopal
Church
Holiness
Church
Methodist
Church
John Wesley
Pentecostalism
Reformed
Church
42. Protestant Church
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Church of England
Anabaptists
Free
Church
Lutherans
Presbyterian
Church
Reform
Church
Episcopal
Church
Holiness
Church
Methodist
Church
Pentecostal
Church
John Wesley
Baptists
Congregationalists
Puritanism
Brethren
44. Restoration Movement
• Bible Alone (no traditions)
• Must be believers baptized by immersion to be saved
• No Pastors. Everyone’s Equal
• No denominations. All churches are autonomous
• Refuse to fellowship with other churches
45. Protestant Church
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Church of England
Anabaptists
Free
Church
Lutherans
Presbyterian
Church
Reformed
Church
Episcopal
Church
Holiness
Church
Methodist
Church
Pentecostal
Church
John Wesley
Baptists
Congregationalists
Puritanism
Brethren
Restorationists
Disciples
of
Christ
Church
of
Christ
America
46. Protestant Church
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Church of England
Anabaptists
Free
Church
Lutherans
Presbyterian
Church
Episcopal
Church
Holiness
Church
Methodist
Church
Pentecostal
Church
John Wesley
Baptists
Congregationalists
Puritanism
Brethren
Restorationists
Disciples
of
Christ
Church
of
Christ
Seventh
Day
Adventists
America
Reformed
Church
48. Liberal Christianity
• Father of Liberal Theology
• Christianity is about feeling
• Christianity is not about creeds
• Bible is not a historical book
• You cannot know anything from miracles
Friedrich Schleiermacher
1768-1834
49. DeMythologize the Bible
• The message of Scripture is cloaked in
mythology.
• Our job is to deMythologize the
message of Scripture
Rudolf Bultmann
1884-1976
51. What is a Liberal (Mainline)
Protestant Church Like?
52. Mainline Protestant Church
• Adhere to the historical Christian Creeds
• Practice the historical Christian traditions
53. Mainline Protestant Church
• Stress social justice
• Stress moral teachings of Jesus
• Stress religious feeling, moral duty
• Promote inclusive Christianity
54. Mainline Protestant Church
• Reject the historicity of the Bible
• Rejects miracles and supernatural or
• You cannot know anything from miracles
60. The Fundamentals
R. A. Torrey, 1909
Four Volumes on Core Christian Beliefs
Adherents were called Fundamentalists
61. Early Fundamentalism (1909 - 1942)
• Withdrawal from Culture
• Refusal to engage with science and academics
• Refusal to fellowship with mainline Christianity
• Promotion of Anti-intellectualism
63. Modern Evangelicalism (1942 - 2000)
• Engagement with Culture
• Engagement with science and academics
• Engagement with mainline Christianity
• Promotion of Scholarship, academics, and learning
64. Evangelical Schools
• Biola University (1908)
• Dallas Theological Seminary (1924)
• Fuller Theological Seminary (1947)
• Grand Canyon University (1949)
65. Billy Graham
1918 - 2018
Los Angeles Crusade, 1949
300,000 attended
3,000 converted
71. The Evangelical Quadrilateral
1. Conversionism - People must be “born-again” to be saved
2. Biblicism - Bible is the ultimate authority for faith and practice
3. Activism - Expression of the gospel through missionary work
4. Crucicentrism - Centrality of the work of Christ on the cross
Bebbington, David. (1989). Evangelicals in modern Britain. Routledge
72. Chicago statement on Biblical Inerrancy (1978)
Biblical inerrancy is the doctrinal position that in its original
form, the Bible is totally without error, and free from all
contradiction; referring to the complete accuracy of Scripture,
including the historical and scienti
fi
c parts.
Biblical Inerrancy. (2022, January 21). New World Encyclopedia, .
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Biblical_Inerrancy&oldid=1063349.
73. Evangelicalism in Transition
Split over Christian Nationalism
Split over extreme conservative
social positions
Split over Trump administration
75. Evangelicals
Mainline
Catholic
Ten Year Decline of Evangelical Christians
Pew Religion & Public Life (2022). Pew Research Center
% of Americans
Mainline Churches
Grew faster than
Evangelicals
77. Holiness Church
Wesley taught there was a second experience
after salvation called “Holiness”
Holiness movement great in 1800s
Holiness movement interracial movement
83. Pentecostal Theology
1. Baptism of the Holy Spirit as 2nd Work
2. Evidence is Speaking in tongues
3. Prophecy and Healing
4. Miraculous signs normal part of worship
5. Continuing Revelation (but not to Bible)
84. Pentecostal Churches
• Egalitarian — Equality between women and men
• Interracial — Unites Black and White Christians
• Socially Concerned — poverty, sickness, food insecurity
85. Charismatic Movement (1970s)
• Pentecostal church attendance grew rapidly
• Charismatic Movement spread to mainline Christianity
• Pentecostal seminaries and Bible colleges founded
97. High Church (Liturgical)
Low Church (Non-Liturgical)
Mainline
Evangelical
Lutheran (LCMS)
Presbyterian (PCA, EPA, OPC)
Lutheran (ELCA)
Presbyterian (PCUSA)
Episcopal Church
United Methodist
Anglican Church
Baptist (Southern, Indep.)
Baptist (American)
Pentecostal
Quakers
Free Methodist
Disciples of Christ Church of Christ
