5. Suffering
1. Judaism (Orthodox) — Deaths of the Righteous atones for Israel
2. Judaism (Modern) — God cannot (or limited Himself)
6. Suffering
1. Judaism (Orthodox) — Deaths of the Righteous atones for Israel
2. Judaism (Modern) — God cannot (or limited Himself)
3. Islam — Divine Decree, and justice for our Deeds (credits/debits)
7. Suffering
1. Judaism (Orthodox) — Deaths of the Righteous atones for Israel
2. Judaism (Modern) — God cannot (or limited Himself)
3. Islam — Divine Decree, and justice for our Deeds (credits/debits)
4. Hinduism — Karma, divine justice and the consequences
8. Suffering
1. Judaism (Orthodox) — Deaths of the Righteous atones for Israel
2. Judaism (Modern) — God cannot (or limited Himself)
3. Islam — Divine Decree, and justice for our Deeds (credits/debits)
4. Hinduism — Karma, divine justice and the consequences
5. Buddhism — Attachment & Desire lead to su
ff
ering. Enlightenment
10. Demographics
• 533 million Buddhists worldwide
• 6.83% of the world’s population
• 228 million in China
• 71 million in Japan
• 4.3 million United States
• 8% of Hawaiians identify as Buddhist
worldreligiondatabase.org (2020)
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/buddhist/
12. 100%
50%
0%
44%
33%
12%
11%
White Asian Latino Black & Mixed
Racial & Ethnic Composition of American Buddhists
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/buddhist/
14. 100%
50%
0%
52%
22%
26%
3rd Gen + 2nd Gen Immigrants
Immigrant Status of American Buddhists
https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/religious-landscape-study/religious-tradition/buddhist/
20. Siddhartha
Gautama
563 - 483 BC
Lumbini, Nepal
Mark, J. (2020). Buddhism. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/buddhism/
21. Siddhartha
Gautama
Father was King Suddhodana
Mother was Maya
Kshatriya (Ruling) Caste
Reigned over Northern India
Mark, J. (2020). Buddhism. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/buddhism/
22. Siddhartha
Gautama
Father wanted son to be next king
Old man prophesied
Siddhartha would be a religious monk
Mark, J. (2020). Buddhism. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/buddhism/
23. Siddhartha
Gautama
Father kept Siddhartha in the palace
and guarded him from any outside
in
fl
uence
Mark, J. (2020). Buddhism. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/buddhism/
24. Left palace and saw
1. Old man
2. Sick man
3. Dead man
4. Poor man (religious beggar)
25. Left palace and saw
All things change
All things grow old & die
26. Became a monk
Tried to live an monastic life
Gathered disciples
But was unsatis
fi
ed
27. Meditated 49 days
At age 35
Meditated under a
fi
g tree (Bodi Tree)
Experienced Awakening (Enlightenment)
28. Enlightenment
Buddha — The Enlightened One
Found the path to Moksha (release)
From Samsara (cycle of reincarnation)
Achieve Nirvana
32. बो
धि
Bodhi
Arriving at the state of awakening so that
one achieves moksha (release) from
samsara (cycle of birth/death) and reach
nirvana
https://www.learnsanskrit.cc/translate
34. What is path to Enlightenment?
• Middle Path
• Freedom from Desire
• Freedom from Attachment
35. From desire comes grief, from grief comes fear
One who is freed from desire knows no grief or fear
Freedom from attachment brings enlightenment
Dhammapada XVI.212-213 cited in Mark, Buddhism, 2020
36. The Sangha
Buddha’s
fi
rst disciples
1. Kaundinya
2. Bhadrika
3. Vashpa
4. Mahanaman
5. Ashvajit
Robert E. Buswell Jr., Donald S. Lopez Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Princeton: 2014), s.v. pañcavargika
37. The Sangha
Buddha’s
fi
rst disciples
Preached his
fi
rst sermon
Robert E. Buswell Jr., Donald S. Lopez Jr., The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism (Princeton: 2014), s.v. pañcavargika
51. Schools of Buddhism
Mahayana — The Great Vehicle
China, Korea, Japan
Theravada — The Elders
Burma, Thailand, Vietnam
Vajrayana — Way of the Diamond
Tibetan
55. Three Universal Truths
1. Impermanence - Nothing lasts forever
2. Suffering - Impermanence causes suffering
3. Non-Self - We are a bundle of perceptions
56. Four Noble Truths
1. Dukka - All life is suffering
2. Tanha - Cause of suffering is desire (attachment)
3. Nirodha - End of suffering by releasing desire
4. Magga - Eightfold path leads to release from desire
59. Right View
An accurate understanding of the
nature of things (including the Four
Noble Truths)
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path
60. Right Intention
Avoiding thoughts of attachment,
hatred, and harmful intent
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path
61. Right Speech
Refraining from verbal misdeeds such
as lying divisive speech, harsh speech,
and senseless speech.
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path
62. Right Action
refraining from physical misdeeds such
as killing, stealing, and sexual
misconduct
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path
63. Right Livelihood
avoiding trades that directly or
indirectly harm others, such as selling
slaves, weapons, animals for slaughter,
intoxicants, or poisons
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path
64. Right Effort
abandoning negative states of mind
that have already arisen, preventing
negative states that have yet to arise,
and sustaining positive states that have
already arisen,
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path
65. Right Mindfulness
awareness of body, feelings, thought,
and phenomena (the constituents of
the existing world)
Lopez, D. S. (2021, February 5). Eightfold Path. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Eightfold-Path
68. Five Precepts
1. Do not kill
2. Do not steal
3. Do not commit sexual misconduct
4. Do no harmful speech
5. Avoid intoxicants
Conze, E. (1979). Five precepts of Buddhism. Tricycle Magazine. https://tricycle.org/magazine/the-
fi
ve-precepts/
72. Similarities with Hinduism
Karma is “deed” or “action”, and is the accumulated results of those
actions…Ones karma is the result of actions in the past…all people
are said to be in their current situation as the result of karma
Irons, Edward. (2008). Karma in Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File. 276.
73. Differences from Hinduism
1. Rituals v. Intention — Hindu rituals synonymous with karma. Buddhism stressed
eightfold path including right intentions to create good karma.
https://www.hinduwebsite.com/buddhism/karma-hinduism-buddhism.asp
74. Differences from Hinduism
1. Rituals v. Intention
2. Mortals v. Immortals — Hinduism, only mortals bound by Karma. Buddhism, gods
are also bound by karma
https://www.hinduwebsite.com/buddhism/karma-hinduism-buddhism.asp
75. Differences from Hinduism
1. Rituals v. Intention
2. Mortals v. Immortals
3. Self and Non-Self — Hinduism, the soul is pure and untouched by karma.
Buddhism the whole being is in
fl
uenced by karma
https://www.hinduwebsite.com/buddhism/karma-hinduism-buddhism.asp
76. Differences from Hinduism
1. Rituals v. Intention
2. Mortals v. Immortals
3. Self and Non-Self
4. Divine Intervention — Hinduism, karma can be affected by human action or divine
intervention. Buddhism, denies intervention of gods to affect karma
https://www.hinduwebsite.com/buddhism/karma-hinduism-buddhism.asp
77. Differences from Hinduism
1. Rituals v. Intention
2. Mortals v. Immortals
3. Self and Non-Self
4. Divine Intervention
5. Karma v. Eightfold Path — Hinduism prescribes yoga to create good karma and
achieve moksha. Buddhism prescribes the eightfold path.
https://www.hinduwebsite.com/buddhism/karma-hinduism-buddhism.asp
78. Differences from Hinduism
1. Rituals v. Intention
2. Mortals v. Immortals
3. Self and Non-Self
4. Divine Intervention
5. Karma v. Eightfold Path
6. Fatalism v. Free Will — Hinduism leans toward fatalism. Buddhism to free will.
https://www.hinduwebsite.com/buddhism/karma-hinduism-buddhism.asp
79. Differences from Hinduism
1. Rituals v. Intention
2. Mortals v. Immortals
3. Self and Non-Self
4. Divine Intervention
5. Karma v. Eightfold Path
6. Fatalism v. Free Will
7. Obligation to God v Self — Hinduism stresses devotion (Bhakti) to God(s) to
create good karma. Buddhism stresses devotion to self.
https://www.hinduwebsite.com/buddhism/karma-hinduism-buddhism.asp
80. Dukka
Suffering
The Central concept in Buddhism.
The result of Karma and Tanha
Irons, Edward. (2008). Dukkha in Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File. 168.
81. Dukka
Dukkha Pali/Sanskrit for meaning “discomfort”, “impermanence”,
and “imperfection”. Life is not simply pain and suffering; life is
fi
lled with unsatisfying events, sensations, and overall
impermanence. Thus even happy experiences are part of dukkha.
Irons, Edward. (2008). Nirvana in Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File. 168.
82. Tanha
Desire - Attachment which causes dukkha. Sensual pleasures, Tanha
is the mechanism through which dukkha comes.
Irons, Edward. (2008). Nirvana in Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File. 168.
83. Samsara
Journeying
The cycle of birth, decay, death, and
rebirth to which all living beings are
subject until they achieve
enlightenment.
Irons, Edward. (2008). Samsara in Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File. 420.
84. Samsara
All Schools of Buddhism teach Samsara never had a beginning.
Yogacara School of Buddhism (within Mahayana Branch) teaches that
samsara is concurrent with nirvana. They are experienced at same
time. Possible no end.
Other Schools of Buddhism: teach that Samsara ends.
Irons, Edward. (2008). Samsara in Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File. 420.
85. Nirvana
Buddhist conception of achieving unity
with Brahman, and losing the SELF
Irons, Edward. (2008). Nirvana in Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File. 370.
86. Nirvana
Nirvana literally means “extinction” like when a candle’s
fl
ame is
extinguished… merging with the divine in a state without conditional
aspects.
Irons, Edward. (2008). Nirvana in Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File. 370.
87. Nirvana
Hinduism — A state of liberation from individuality and the Samsara cycle,
and merging with Brahman, the ultimate reality.
Buddhism — State of liberation from individuality, and desire, hate, delusion
Theravada Buddhism — Extinction from existence, cease to exist.
Mayayana Buddhism — Continued existence of a “self” and in “bliss”
Irons, Edward. (2008). Nirvana in Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File. 370.
88.
89. The Five Aggregates
Buddha rejected the concept of Atman (soul). Self does not exist.
We are composed of Skandhas (Bundles)
The Self is just a “bundle of perceptions”
Skandhas form at birth and disperse at death to be recreated
Irons, Edward. (2008). Skandhas in Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File. 457.
90. The Five Aggregates
1. Physical Forms
2. Feelings
3. Perceptions
4. Formations
5. Consciousness
Irons, Edward. (2008). Skandhas in Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File. 457.
91.
92. Rupa - Physical form
Material, external things have a physical form and
existence.
We perceive that there are physical things that
exist in space and time.
Phenomenon External to You
Buddhism: Basic Beliefs and Practices. (2012).Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed: Columbia University.
Retrieved from https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/religion/eastern/buddhism/buddhism/basic-beliefs-and-practices
93. Vedana — Feelings
Sensations (ex. The
fi
ve senses)
We access external things
through our senses
Buddhism: Basic Beliefs and Practices. (2012).Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed: Columbia University.
Retrieved from https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/religion/eastern/buddhism/buddhism/basic-beliefs-and-practices
94. Samjna — Perception
Once we receive sensation, we
perceive those sensations.
Buddhism: Basic Beliefs and Practices. (2012).Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed: Columbia University.
Retrieved from https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/religion/eastern/buddhism/buddhism/basic-beliefs-and-practices
95. Samskara - Formations
After we perceive these sensations, we
form mental images or constructs in
our mind of what we think we sense
Buddhism: Basic Beliefs and Practices. (2012).Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed: Columbia University.
Retrieved from https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/religion/eastern/buddhism/buddhism/basic-beliefs-and-practices
96. Vijanana Consciousness
After we form mental constructs of the
things we sense, we become
conscious of them, think about them,
and process them.
Buddhism: Basic Beliefs and Practices. (2012).Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed: Columbia University.
Retrieved from https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/religion/eastern/buddhism/buddhism/basic-beliefs-and-practices
108. Schools of Buddhism
1. Theravada Buddhism (Tradition of the Elders)
2. Vajrayana Buddhism (The Way of the Diamond)
3. Mahayana Buddhism (The Great Vehicle)
120. Theravada Monks
• Orange (yellow) robes
• Orange (yellow) represents
fi
re, which
puri
fi
es
• Shave their heads
• Shaved heads represents
renunciation of personal identity
• Live in Communes
123. Purpose of Meditation
1. Focus on Mindfulness - become aware of your body
2. Focus on impermanence of life
3. Focus on nonexistence
4. Focus on empty mind of “self”
129. 14th Dalai Lama
Tenzin Gyatso (1925 - present)
Dalai Lama (1940 - Present)
Exiled in 1959 to N India
Lopez, D. S. , Snellgrove, . David Llewelyn , Kitagawa, . Joseph M. , Nakamura, . Hajime , Reynolds, . Frank E. and Tucci, . Giuseppe (2021, April
8). Buddhism. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhish (“Vajrana”)
130. Beliefs
1. Nirvana is achieved through stages of yogic practice
2. Nirvana is achieved through understanding this polarity:
• Passive understanding voidness (Female)
• Active compassion without no attachment (Male)
3. Nirvana can be achieved by anyone
4. Nirvana can be achieved in anyone’s lifetime
Lopez, D. S. , Snellgrove, . David Llewelyn , Kitagawa, . Joseph M. , Nakamura, . Hajime , Reynolds, . Frank E. and Tucci, . Giuseppe (2021, April
8). Buddhism. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhish (“Vajrana”)
131. Beliefs
Vajrayana Buddhism recognizes local gods
Lopez, D. S. , Snellgrove, . David Llewelyn , Kitagawa, . Joseph M. , Nakamura, . Hajime , Reynolds, . Frank E. and Tucci, . Giuseppe (2021, April
8). Buddhism. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhish (“Vajrana”)
132. Tibetan Book of the Dead
• Bardo Thosgrol Chenmo
• Means “Great Liberation”
• Written in 11th Century AD
• Describes journey after death
• Describes funeral rituals
Irons, E. A. (2008). Tibetan book of the dead. Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File, Inc. 512
145. Beliefs
• Enlightenment is not a distant hope, but an immediate possibility
• Enlightenment is possible for everyone
• Enlightenment is accessible through magical practices
146. Six Schools of Mahayana Buddhism
1. Tibetan — Although we treat it as a separate school
2. Shingdon — Magical Buddhism
3. Pure Land — Japan, followers of Amitabha Buddha
149. Pure Land Buddhism
Anyone can attain enlightenment in this life
All people die and go to the Pure Land where experience “release”
150. Six Schools of Mahayana Buddhism
1. Tibetan — Although we treat it as a separate school
2. Shingdon — Magical Buddhism
3. Pure Land — Japan, followers of Amitabha Buddha
4. Zen Buddhism — Japan
154. Zen Beliefs
• Buddha’s consciousness exists in every follower
• Enlightenment is a single experience / event
• Realizations are events leading to enlightenment
• Anybody can and must attain spiritual awakening
through meditation and personal discipline
155. Zen Buddhism
• Emphasizes Personal Restraint
• Mindfulness Meditation
• De-emphasizes study, focuses on practice
• Stresses applying the things Buddha did over sutras
156. Six Schools of Mahayana Buddhism
1. Tibetan — Although we treat it as a separate school
2. Shingdon — Magical Buddhism
3. Pure Land — Japan, followers of Amitabha Buddha
4. Zen Buddhism — Japan
5. Nichiren Shoshu — Japan
159. Beliefs
1. We are in the third Age of Buddhism
2. Nichiren Shonen taught the only true interpretation of Buddhism
3. The Lotus Sutra is the only true Buddhist Scripture
4. Buddhists can attain enlightenment by chanting Nam-Myoho-Renge Kyo
160. Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō
南無妙法蓮華経
I am devoted to the mystic law of the Lotus Sutra
161. Beliefs
Nichiren continues to live embodied
by the Dai Gohonzon which is a wood
carving in the Taiseki-Ji Temple in
Shizuoka, Japan
162. Nichiren comes to the U S
Nichiren Shoshu of American (NSA)
established in 1902
Came to Hawaii and spread among
the Japanese
Came to California after that
Their logo is the Crane
163.
164. Six Schools of Mahayana Buddhism
1. Tibetan — Although we treat it as a separate school
2. Shingdon — Magical Buddhism
3. Pure Land — Japan, followers of Amitabha Buddha
4. Zen Buddhism — Japan
5. Nichiren Shoshu — Japan
6. Tendai — Rational Buddhism (China, Korea, Japan)
165. Tendai Buddhism
• Tendai is Japanese word for mountain range in Eastern China
• Drew from Hindu philosopher Nagarjuna (150 - 250 AD)
• Founded by Zhiyi (538 - 597 AD)
• Brought to Japan by Saicho (767 - 822 AD)
https://www.tendai.org/tendai/what-is-tendai
166. Tendai Buddhism
Tendai Buddhism takes a comprehensive approach to the study and practice
of Buddhism. Tendai Buddhism incorporates insights from Indian and
Chinese philosophical traditions, the study of the Lotus Sutra and other
Buddhist texts, meditation traditions like Zen as well as Calming and Insight
Meditation (shamata-vipashyanna), Pure Land and Tantric practices.
https://www.tendai.org/tendai/what-is-tendai
167. Tendai Beliefs
1. One Vehicle — Find unifying principles in all the branches of Buddhism
2. Interconnectedness — seeks to find unifying elements in the world
3. Buddha Nature — we all have the ability to achieve enlightenment
https://www.tendai.org/tendai/what-is-tendai
170. Pali Language
Indo European language written in India during the time of Gautama Buddha
The first Buddhist Scriptures were written in the Pali language
Theravada Buddhists only use the Pali texts
171.
172. Sanskrit Language
Indian written language in South India between 1500 BC - 1200 BC.
Vedas were written in Sanskrit.
Mahayana and Vagrana use Sanskrit Texts
179. 2. Sutra Pitaka
The teachings of Buddha between the
years of his enlightenment and death.
Written by Ananda, his main disciple
10,000 teachings or “sutras”
185. Mahayana Canon
Chinese Canon — written in Chinese, read in China & Japan
Tibetan Canon — written in Tibetan language, in Vajrayana Buddhism
Sanskrit Canon — written in Sanskrit, surviving Sanskrit writings
188. Theravada Buddhism
Buddha refers to anyone who has become enlightened through
their own efforts and insight. In the Pali texts it says that Buddhas
have appeared in the past and will so in the future. Each Buddha
became enlightened under their own tree.
193. Maitreya Buddha
Maitreye Sanskrit for Friendship
He currently lives in heaven
When the teachings of
Gautama are forgotten, he will
appear, teach Dharma to all the
peoples and establish peace
on earth
207. Iron, E. (2016). Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Facts on File.
Buswell, D. Ed. (2014). Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton
Perish, C. (2004). Buddhism: An Online introduction
222. Chinatowns
Settled in San Francisco
Built China Towns in CA
Founded businesses,
restaurants, clothing stores
223. Racism & Discrimination
1870 National Depression
Discrimination & Racism
American was de
fi
ning itself
as a white Christian nation
224. Chinese Exclusion
Act of 1882
Congress restricted all Chinese
immigration explicitly based on
RACE and blocked current
residents from attaining
citizenship
225. Repeal of the Act
1943 Chinese Exclusion Act
repealed during WWII
because China was ally
235. Gibson, Jung (2006) Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign Born Population of the United States. No. 81: US Census Bureau
236. In
fl
uence of Asian Immigation
• Establishment of Buddhist Temples
• Production of Buddhist literature and publications
• Buddhist schools and teaching
• Teachers from China established schools
238. Reasons for Attraction
• Response to the materialism of the1950s
• Response to stale mainline American religion
• Cynicism & suspicion of American institutions
• Presented itself as a compatible philosophy rather than alternative
• Answered questions about “suffering”
• Presented itself as a path of peace while religion seen as source of con
fl
ict
239. Differences in American Buddhism
1. Therapeutic — presented itself as personal practices helping people be calm in
a disruptive decade that created anxiety
240. Differences in American Buddhism
1. Therapeutic — presented itself as personal practices helping people be calm in a
disruptive decade that created anxiety
2. Spirituality — presented itself as a spirituality instead of a religion or
traditions that is compatible with people’s religious traditions
241. Differences in American Buddhism
1. Therapeutic — presented itself as personal practices helping people be calm in a
disruptive decade that created anxiety
2. Spirituality — presented itself as a spirituality instead of a religion or traditions that is
compatible with people’s religious traditions
3. Solutions — proposed modern answers to modern questions about war,
suffering, and existence
242. Differences in American Buddhism
1. Therapeutic — presented itself as personal practices helping people be calm in a
disruptive decade that created anxiety
2. Spirituality — presented itself as a spirituality instead of a religion or traditions that is
compatible with people’s religious traditions
3. Solutions — proposed modern answers to modern questions about war, suffering, and
existence
4. Unifying — Proposed to unite all religious truth claims at a time when
con
fl
ict was tearing apart American culture
243. Differences in American Buddhism
1. Therapeutic — presented itself as personal practices helping people be calm in a
disruptive decade that created anxiety
2. Spirituality — presented itself as a spirituality instead of a religion or traditions that is
compatible with people’s religious traditions
3. Solutions — proposed modern answers to modern questions about war, suffering, and
existence
4. Unifying — Proposed to unite all religious truth claims at a time when con
fl
ict was tearing
apart American culture
5. Compatible with Science — Proposed to bring science and religion together
(ex. Psychology) instead of pitting them against each other.
247. The Jew & the Lotus
Roger Kamenetz (1994)
JuBus
248. Jewish Buddhism
• Compatible with Judaism
• Offered mystical explanations of
Jewish traditions
• Proposed inclusive rather than
tribalistic alternatives
•
249. Carl Jung
1875 - 1961
Founder of Analytic Psychology
Writer on Buddhism
250. Spiritual explanations of scienti
fi
c
fi
ndings
Explained how we are spiritual beings,
not packages of chemicals and sparks
Brought science and spirituality
together
Proposed transcendent answers to
ultimate questions in a scienti
fi
c
context
251. “The goal in psychotherapy is exactly the
same as in Buddhism”
“The difference between Buddhism and
Western psychology is concept of the
self”
“Christ overcame the world by burning
himself with its suffering, but Buddha
overcame both the pleasure and
suffering of the world by disposing of
both” (p. 367).
“To the Western man, the
meaninglessness of a static universe is
unbearable. The oriental does not make
that assumption…rather he embodies it”
(p. 317)
254. Jon Kabat Zinn
• 1979 — student at MIT encountered Zen Buddhism
• Founded the Mindfulness Stress Reduction Clinic
• Professor of Medicine at University of Massachusetts Medical School
• Authored over 15 books in 45 different languages on Mindful Meditation
258. Soyen Shaku
1860 - 1919
Born Kamakura, Japan
Buddhist Monk
1893 Came to Chicago for the
World Parliament of Religions
259. Soyen Shaku
1905 Returned to the US
Sponsored by Millionaire Ida Russell
Established School for Zen in
San Francisco
260. D. T. Suzuki
Came to America with Shaky
Published Outlines of Mahayana
Buddhism in English 1907
One of the
fi
rst English books about
Buddhism to gain popularity
261. D. T. Suzuki
1951 Began teaching Buddhism at
Columbia University popularizing Zen
Buddhism on the East coast
262. D. T. Suzuki
Opened the San Francisco Zen Center
And
Zen Center of Los Angeles
265. Nichiren Shoshu of America
• Founded in 13th Century in Northern Japan
• Nikko Shonin, the next Buddha
• US Headquarters in Los Angeles California
• 12 Million adherents in 188 countries
• Organized missionary work worldwide
https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/nichiren_1.shtml
266. NSA Beliefs
• Rejects all other forms of Buddhism as heretical
• Claims to be the only true Buddhism
• Believes we are in the 3rd Age
• Nichiren Shobeb is the New Buddha
• Believes anyone can easily achieve enlightenment
• Text is the Lotus Sutra
• Chants mantra “Nam-Myoho-Renge-Kyo”
• Worships the Dai. Gohonzon, a Japanese goddess
https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/nichiren_1.shtml
267. NSA Ten Principles
1. Hell - personal despair in this life
2. Hunger - desiring something rather
than contentment
3. Animality - being governed by animal
instincts
4. Anger - any kind of sel
fi
shness, or
competitiveness
5. Tranquility - Calm state
6. Rapture - pleasure when desire is
ful
fi
lled (??!!)
7. Learning - new skills
8. Aborption - condition following gaining
new wisdom
9. Bodhisattva - disciple of the new
Buddha
10.Buddhahood - achieving the state of
compassion, wisdom, and humaneness
https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/nichiren_1.shtml
270. Demographics of American Buddhists
• White, Non-Hispanic (53%)
• Gen X & Baby Boomers (55%)
• College Education or Higher (61%)
• Make over $70,000/year (45%)
• Democrat or Politically Liberal (70%)
Pew Research (2017)
274. Beliefs of American Buddhists
• Believe in a Divine Being (60%)
• Pray or Meditate Daily or Weekly (66%)
• Never read the Bible (70%)
• Believe in an absolute right or wrong (4%)
• There is no Hell (63%)
Pew Research (2017)
