This document describes various instruments used in cataract and lacrimal surgery. It provides details on the characteristics and uses of instruments such as the Barraquer wire speculum, superior rectus holding forceps, conjunctival spring scissor, globe fixation forcep, electrocautery, Bard Parker knife, crescent knife, keratome, cystitome, Kelman-McPherson forceps, lens expressor, irrigation wire vectis, Simcoe's two way irrigation and aspiration canulla, lens holding forcep, Sinskey hook, ring capsule polisher, trephines, Citelli's bone punch, chisel, punctum dilator, and lacrimal probe. These

1. Instruments of cataract surgery1) Barraquer wire speculum –Characteristics- It is universal speculum as can be used for both eyes.

2. It is used to separate eye lids for intraocular surgery.

3. Self retaining.

4. Light weightUSES- Intraocular surgery-cataract & glaucoma surgery.

5. Extraocular surgery- squint & pterygium surgery.Enucleation & evisceration surgery

6. Removal of conjunctival and corneal foreign body.

7. Cauterisation of corneal ulcer.2)Superior rectus holding forcepsCharacteristics- It is a forcep with a double curve at the end(S shaped)

8. It has a single big tooth to hold the superior rectus muscle

9. It has it first angle at a distance of 7.7 mm Uses- Used to hold the superior rectus muscle for passing bridle suture to rotate the eyeball downward in cataract and glaucoma surgery.

10. To fix the eyeball during surgery.

11. Conjunctival spring scissorCharacteristics-It may be straight or curved with sharp or blunt tip.

12. It is a sleek longer scissor.

13. The blade is kept apart by spring action.USES-Used to cut conjunctiva to make conjunctival flap.

14. Globe Fixation ForcepCharacteristics-It has 2-3 or 3-4 teeth at its tip.

15. It is used to hold the conjunctival tissue and episcleral tissue together.USES-To hold the conjunctiva for making conjunctival flap with use of conjunctival scissor.

16. To fix the globe while making tunnel with crescent.

17. Electrocautery along with connection wireCharacteristics-It is also called wet field cautery as it is used in moist field.

18. It is also called as bipolar dithermy as it has two poles and to the other side wire is attached.USES-It is used to cautery the bleeding episcleral vessels & conjunctival vessels after the conjunctival flap is made.

19. Bard parker knife handle with bladeCharacteristics-It is a handle in which 15 number disposable blade is loaded if cataract surgery is done.

20. It has a long handle with groove at its extreme end in which blade is loaded.USES-To make corneo-scleral gutter in cataract surgery.

21. Used in DCR , ptosis , entropion , ectropion surgeries for incision of skin.

22. Crescent KnifeCharacteristics-It is blunt tipped which has a cut splittinf action at the tip and both the sides.

23. The blade is curved and is mounted on plastic handle.USES-It is used to make self sealing sclero corneal tunnel after making the scleral gutter in cataract surgery.

24. KeratomeCharacteristics-It has a thin diamond shape blade with a sharp apex and two cutting edge.

25. This is a curved disposable keratome .

26. Straight disposable keratome are also available.USES-It is used for making entry in anterior chamber after the tunnel is formed.

27. CystitomeCharacteristics-It has a tiny , sharp and triangular flag shaped tip .

28. It can be made by bending the tip of 26 gauge needle.USES-For incising the anterior capsule of the lens by using envelope method ,ccc method, can opner method.

29. Kelman-McPherson forcepsCharacteristics-These are fine forceps with bent blade.USES-Used to tear off the anterior capsule of lens in cataract surgery.

30. Used to hold the IOL .

31. Used to hold the sutures.

32. Lens expressorCharacteristics-It has a flat corrugated metal handle with curved limb ending in a knob which is at 90 degreeUSES-It is applied at 6 o clock position to deliver the nucleus out. Irrigation wire vectisCharacteristics-It is a modified vectis in whick loop is made of hollow wire .

33. It has three 0.3 mm opening .

34. Posterior end of loop is continuous with hollow handle to which infusion set is attached.USES-It is used to deliver nucleus by introducing this vectis from tunnel and applying counter pressure at 12 o clock position.

35. Simcoe’s two way irrigation and aspiration canullaCharacteristics-It has at one end straight or angular blunt canulla .

36. The other end has canull which is fixed with the syringe.Uses-For irrigation and suction of lens particles or cortical matter from anterior chamber after nuclear delivery.

37. Can also be used for aspiration of hyphaema.

38. Lens holding forcepCharacteristics-It is a spring action forcep.

39. It have has blunt curved blades.