The document discusses instructional design. It defines instructional design as a systematic process that uses learning and instructional theory to ensure quality instruction. The process involves analyzing learning needs, developing instructional materials, and evaluating instruction and learner activities. A key model is ADDIE, which consists of five phases: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The purpose of instructional design is to identify gaps in audience skills/knowledge and create learning experiences to address these gaps, with the goal of making learning more effective and time-efficient.

2. University of Baghdad
Collage of Education / Ibn Rushed for Human Sciences
Department of English
M.A. Study
Instructional Design
A Week Papers
Submitted by:
M.A Candidate : Akram J. N. Nasser
Methods Of Teaching English
Supervisor by Asst. Prof. Dr.
Bushra Saadoon M. Al-Noori
2020 H.A 1441 A.H

5. What is Instructional Design?
Sara McNeil defines the Instructional design as a:
Process: Instructional Design is the systematic
development of instructional specifications using
learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality
of instruction. It is the entire process of analysis of
learning needs and goals and the development of a
delivery system to meet those needs. It includes
development of instructional materials and activities;
and tryout and evaluation of all instruction and learner
activities.
Instructional Design is the process of using our
knowledge of how people learn to guide our choices of
instructional sequences and strategies to meet the
needs of the learners and desired learning outcomes.

6. The process consists broadly of determining the state and
needs of the learner, defining the end goal of instruction,
and creating some "intervention" to assist in the transition.
The outcome of this instruction may be directly observable
and scientifically measured or completely hidden and
assumed. There are many instructional design models but
many are based on the ADDIE model with the five phases:
Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and
Evaluation.
The purpose of Instructional Design is to "identify the skills,
knowledge and the attitude gaps of a targeted audience,
and to create select and suggest learning experiences that
close this gap" (Connie Malamed). In other words, the
purpose of Instructional Design is partially the same as the
purpose of all technological devices we use; to save us
time and make learning easier and more effective.
Instructional Design aims to compress the learning
process and fill the gaps in our knowledge in the most

7.  The purpose of Instructional Design is to "identify the skills,
knowledge, and the attitude gaps of a targeted audience, and
to create select and suggest learning experiences that close
this gap" (Connie Malamed). In other words, the purpose of
Instructional Design is partially the same as the purpose of
all technological devices we use; to save us time and make
learning easier and more effective. Instructional Design aims
to compress the learning process and fill the gaps in our
knowledge in the most effective way.
 The instructional design process consists of determining
the needs of the learners, defining the end goals and
objectives of instruction, designing and planning
assessment tasks, and designing teaching and learning
activities to ensure the quality of instruction.
 There are many instructional design models. For instance,
Dick and Carey developed a nine-step model.

8. Instructional Systems Design is an organized
procedure that includes steps of analyzing designing,
developing, implementing and evaluating instruction.
ADDIIE:
(wikipedia.org/wiki/ADDIE_Model#Analysis_Phas
e)
 - Analyzing – Assessing the learning and defining
what is to be learned
 - Designing – the process of specifying how it is to
be learned
 - Developing – the process of authoring and
producing the instructional materials
 - Implementation – is actually using the materials
and strategies in context
 - Evaluating – is the process of determining the

11. References:
 - Reiser, R.A and Dempsey, J.V. (Eds.) (2002). Trends
and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall.
 - Cite this article as: Kurt, S. "Instructional Design,"
in Educational Technology, December 9, 2016.
Retrieved
from https://educationaltechnology.net/instructional-
design/
 - Christopher Pappas, INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN,
What Does An Instructional Designer Do?, March 21,
2013