1. Instructional Design(alsocalledInstructionalSystemsDesign(ISD)) isthe practice of maximizingthe
effectiveness,efficiencyandappeal of instruction andotherlearningexperiences.
The processconsistsbroadlyof determiningthe currentstate andneedsof the learner,definingthe end
goal of instruction,andcreatingsome "intervention"toassistinthe transition.Ideallythe processis
informedbypedagogicallyandandragogically(adultlearning) testedtheoriesof learningandmaytake
place instudent-only,teacher-ledorcommunity-basedsettings.The outcome of thisinstructionmaybe
directlyobservable andscientificallymeasuredorcompletelyhiddenandassumed.There are many
instructional designmodelsbutmanyare basedon the ADDIE model withthe phasesanalysis,design,
development,implementation,andevaluation.Asafield,instructional designishistoricallyand
traditionallyrooted incognitiveandbehavioralpsychology.