Instructional systems combining curriculum, instructional strategies, time, and technology are necessary for effective teaching and learning. Curriculum planning involves logically sequencing subjects so students achieve goals for each grade, while development adds new learning experiences. Classroom management is critical for building a learner-centered environment, and effective management is situational. Factors like multidimensionality, simultaneity, immediacy, unpredictability, observability, and history affect classroom management.

1. MANAGING
INSTRUCTIONINTRODUCTIONInstruction
al systems are necessary for a good and
healthy teaching and learning process. It
must have a combination of curriculum,
instructional strategies and instructional
time, as well as advanced electronic
technologies and other resources to
maximize student learning.(page 90 of A
Compilation of Materials in Management of
Educational Institution)CURRICULUM
PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENTCurriculum planning is
the process of logically sequencing
subject matter so students can achieve
the goals, standards and benchmarks
they need to learn of each grade
level.Curriculum development is the
"means by which new content and
supporting materials are added to the
school". Curriculum development is
both a logical and a creative way to add

2. new learning experiences to the lives of
the students.CLASSROOM
MANAGEMENTClassroom
Management is seen by parents,
teachers and the public as foundation
for building a learner-centered
classroom environment. The school
leader's ability to ensure that every
teacher has a good classroom
management skills is critical to effective
school management. Effective
classroom management is
situational.Doyle's (1983) pointed to six
classroom characteristics that effect
classroom management.1.
Multidimensionality - classroom add
multidimensional insofar as a variety of
different activities go on at any one
time, students are at a variety of
learning levels, and the students in a
variety of ways.2. Simultaneity- exists

3. in that many activities are going at
anyone time. Even if the teacher is in
front of the class, students maybe
engaged in many different responses to
instruction.3. Immediacy- a sense of
immediacy exists in that action is taking
place every minute through teacher talk
and behavior.4. Unpredictability-
events in a classroom are
unpredictable. Through the teacher may
have a well-devised plan, events take
place everyday that disrupt the plan.5.
Observability- classroom are public
places, and whatever action takes
place is generally observable by
everyone in the class.6. History-
classrooms and classroom teachers
have histories and these histories tends
to follow teachers and students over
time.