Discussion involves two-way communication between participants.
In the classroom situation a teacher and students all participate in discussion.
During discussion, the teacher spends some time listening while the students spend sometimes talking.
The discussion is, therefore, a more active learning experience for the students than the lecture.
analytic method is a method of discovery,logical,develops thinking and reasoning abilities of students.
synthetic method is a method of elegant presentation.
one should begin with analytic method and proceed with deduction.
Discussion involves two-way communication between participants.
In the classroom situation a teacher and students all participate in discussion.
During discussion, the teacher spends some time listening while the students spend sometimes talking.
The discussion is, therefore, a more active learning experience for the students than the lecture.
analytic method is a method of discovery,logical,develops thinking and reasoning abilities of students.
synthetic method is a method of elegant presentation.
one should begin with analytic method and proceed with deduction.
Inductive method:a psychological method of developing formulas and principles
Deductive method:A speedy method of deduction and application.
best method is to develop formuias and then apply in examples therefore -inducto -deductive method
Inductive and deductive approach - ThiyaguThiyagu K
Mathematics teachers use variety of methods and techniques in his/her daily classroom teaching in order to make his/her teaching more interactive and operative. Teachers and student interact with each other with in the school, so to develop this interaction; an educator uses new teaching substantial, procedures, strategies and approaches of teaching to make learning pertinent and beneficial. Till now so many methods and techniques has been launched but a mathematics teacher select only most relevant one keeping in view the topic, contents and needs of the learner. To grip or fully command on the content of mathematics it is too much necessary for an educator to use various relevant methods in the mathematics classroom at elementary level. It has been observed so many times that learners solved so many problems very rapidly by using a different methods, technique or formula to which they have already learnt in the classroom but unfortunately they have no idea about the basic logic that how this problem have done. Initially there was only the deductive approach of Aristotle to find a solution for a problem but later is the inductive reasoning of Francis Bacon was introduced to solve the mathematics problem.
It is perhaps the oldest and the most basic method of teaching as well as learning mathematics. All other methods in mathematics utilise this method in different degrees. This is a combination of two methods of induction and deduction.
"Lecture cum demonstration Method" is one of the Teacher centered approach. this PPT is useful for B.Ed, M.Ed and Dl.Ed students & also useful for teacher educators as a reference
Characteristics of a good measuring instrumentNeha Deo
Any tool used for evaluation or research must possess certain characteristics. Those characteristics are described in this presentation. Which are very useful for a teacher & a researcher.
This model guides teachers to go to the depth of the content. And helps students to attain new concepts. So the model has a great attribute on teaching -learning process.
Inductive method:a psychological method of developing formulas and principles
Deductive method:A speedy method of deduction and application.
best method is to develop formuias and then apply in examples therefore -inducto -deductive method
Inductive and deductive approach - ThiyaguThiyagu K
Mathematics teachers use variety of methods and techniques in his/her daily classroom teaching in order to make his/her teaching more interactive and operative. Teachers and student interact with each other with in the school, so to develop this interaction; an educator uses new teaching substantial, procedures, strategies and approaches of teaching to make learning pertinent and beneficial. Till now so many methods and techniques has been launched but a mathematics teacher select only most relevant one keeping in view the topic, contents and needs of the learner. To grip or fully command on the content of mathematics it is too much necessary for an educator to use various relevant methods in the mathematics classroom at elementary level. It has been observed so many times that learners solved so many problems very rapidly by using a different methods, technique or formula to which they have already learnt in the classroom but unfortunately they have no idea about the basic logic that how this problem have done. Initially there was only the deductive approach of Aristotle to find a solution for a problem but later is the inductive reasoning of Francis Bacon was introduced to solve the mathematics problem.
It is perhaps the oldest and the most basic method of teaching as well as learning mathematics. All other methods in mathematics utilise this method in different degrees. This is a combination of two methods of induction and deduction.
"Lecture cum demonstration Method" is one of the Teacher centered approach. this PPT is useful for B.Ed, M.Ed and Dl.Ed students & also useful for teacher educators as a reference
Characteristics of a good measuring instrumentNeha Deo
Any tool used for evaluation or research must possess certain characteristics. Those characteristics are described in this presentation. Which are very useful for a teacher & a researcher.
This model guides teachers to go to the depth of the content. And helps students to attain new concepts. So the model has a great attribute on teaching -learning process.
Inquiry Approach and Problem Solving Method.pptxshesubaru
Inquiry Approach
What is the Inquiry Approach?
The steps in the Inquiry Approach
Instructional Characteristics of Inquiry Approach
Outcomes of Inquiry Teaching
How to Facilitate Inquiry Teaching
Problem Solving Method
Advantages of Problem Solving Method
Guidelines for Its Effective Use of Problem Solving Method
Introduction
Objectives
Classroom Discussion
Planning the Discussion
Organizing the Discussion
Practicing in Asking Questions
Practicing in Answering Questions
Assessing the Discussion
Rules for Discussion
Advantages and Disadvantages of Discussion Method
Guidelines for Maximum Utilization
Exercise
Self Assessment Questions
References-
Introduction
Objectives
Nature, Meaning, and Need of Activity Method
Individual Project
Group Projects
Research Projects
Activity/Exercise
Self Assessment Questions
References
Introduction
Objectives
Definitions of Teaching
The concept of Effective Teaching
Role of Teacher for Conducive Learning Environment
Characteristics of an Effective Teacher
The Concepts of Teaching Methodologies, Strategies, and Techniques
Exercise
Self Assessment Questions
References
Introduction
Objectives
The Teaching Tools
Selecting the Audio-Visual Material
Planning to Use the Material
Preparing for the Audio-Visual Activities
Kinds of Audio-Visual Materials
Activities
Exercise
Self Assessment Questions
Suggested Readings
References
Web References-
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
INQUIRY METHOD
1. Unit – 4
INQUIRY METHOD
Presented By:
DR. DANIYAL MUSHTAQ
merri786@hotmail.com
2. Concept of Inquiry
"Inquiry" is defined as "a seeking for truth, information, or
knowledge – seeking information by questioning."
The process of asking a question or asking for information
about someone or something.
The process of inquiring begins with gathering information and
data through applying the human senses -- seeing, hearing,
touching, tasting, and smelling.
3. INQUIRY METHOD
The inquiry method is a student-centered learning approach
with the concept of students who are actively involved in the
teaching and learning activity under the monitoring and
supervision of teachers.
The inquiry method requires higher-order thinking skills and
critical thinking to make conclusions
4. Inquiry Approach
The inquiry approach is more focused on using and learning content as
a means to develop information-processing and problem-solving skills.
The system is more students centered, with the teacher as a facilitator of
learning. There is more emphasis on "how we come to know" and less
on "what we know." Students are more involved in the construction of
knowledge through active involvement. The more interested and
engaged students are by a subject or project, the easier it will be for
them to construct in-depth knowledge of it. Learning becomes almost
unproblematic when something fascinates students and reflects their
interests and goals.
5. Inquiry Based Learning
Inquiry based learning is student centered learning and is a
paradigm shift from passive to active learning process.
Therefore inquiry based learning can be perceived as broader
term that involves:
Range of teaching learning approaches
Process of guidance by supportive inquiry
Active involvement of the learner to foster critical thinking
6. Inquiry Classroom
An inquiry classroom is quite different from a traditional
classroom. These differences become increasingly obvious as
the teacher and students become more comfortable and
experienced with inquiry learning. It can often be difficult to
locate the teacher in an inquiry classroom, because she is rarely
found in the traditional spot: behind the teacher's desk. Students
also move around the classroom as they interact with others and
locate the appropriate materials and resources for their work.
7. Deductive Method
Deduction is the process by which a particular fact is derived
from some general known truth. Thus, in the deductive method
of teaching learner proceeds from general to particular, abstract
to concrete and from formula to examples.
Here a pre-established rule or formula is given to the learners
and they are asked to solve the related problems by using that
formula. Therefore, in this method, the learner has to perform
only calculation or to simplify the substituted known values in
the given formula to get the solution of the problem.
8. Definition
According to Joseph London, “Deductive teaching secures
first the learning of definition or law or rule, then carefully
explains its meaning and lastly illustrates it fully by applying
to fact.”
9. Examples of Deductive Reasoning
Example 1:
Major premise: All philosophy students are intelligent .
Minor premise: Mr. Amin is a philosophy student.
Conclusion: Therefore, Mr. Amin is intelligent.
Example 2:
Major premise: All birds lay eggs.
Minor premise: Dove is a bird.
Conclusion: Therefore dove lays eggs.
10. Inductive Method
Inductive Method is based on principle of induction.
Induction means to establish a universal truth by showing that
if it is true for a particular case and is further true for a
reasonably adequate number of cases then it is true for all such
cases. Thus, in this method, at first stage a problem is solved on
the basis of previous knowledge, thinking, reasoning and
insight of the learner. At this stage he does not know about any
formula, principle or method for the solving the given problem.
11. Cont.
When adequate number of similar examples, facts or objects is
presented to the learners, they try themselves to arrive at a
conclusion for all those. Thus, they arrive at a generalization
or derive a formula through a convincing process of reasoning
and solving of various similar problems. Thus, in this method
rules and formulas are not supplied by the teachers to the
students. Here only various facts and examples are presented
to the learners and from where they have to find out rules or
establish a general formula.
12. Cont.
Therefore, it is a method of constructing a formula with the
help of adequate number of concrete examples. Thus,
inductive method of teaching leads us from known to
unknown, particular to general or example to general rule and
from concrete to abstract. When a number of concrete cases
have been understood, the learner himself is able to attempt for
generalization.
13. Examples of Inductive Reasoning
Example 1:
Ali is mortal, Alia is mortal, Adil is mortal,…
Therefore, all men are mortal.
Example 2:
Pigeon has wings, hawk has wings, crow has wings.
Therefore all birds have wings.
14. Scientific Method
A logical, orderly approach that involves gathering data,
formulating and testing hypotheses, and proposing theories.
The procedure adopted by the scientists to find out the facts
and scientific truths is called Scientific Method.
15. Steps Involved in The Scientific Method
The following are the compulsory steps involved in the scientific
method. The elaboration of these steps as:
1. Realizing the problem
2. Defining the problem
3. Analyzing the problem
4. Collecting data / information
5. Analyzing the information
6. Framing hypothesis
7. Verifying the hypothesis
8. Finding the solution
9. Applying the solutions in the life situations.
16. 1. Realizing the problem
The urge to find out the truth for any scientific happening, is
the first step which helps to solve the problem in scientific
method. Each and every happening of nature catches the
students’ attention and they wonder about the basic cause and
its effects upon the nature. The students plunge in wonder.
While using scientific method the prime duty of the teacher is
to introduce a concept in the form of problem and motivate the
students to find out solutions for the same.
17. 2. Defining the problem
After sensing the problem clearly, it should be defined clearly
so that the problem could be solved. This is the next step in
Scientific Method. Only after defining the problem clearly, it is
possible to plan methods and strategies to solve the problem.
Students themselves can find out and write clear definitions
using relevant words with the help of the teacher. Suitable
definition can be selected from them.
18. 3. Analyzing the Problem
This is the third step in Scientific method which classifies and
arranges the problem and its components. The learner should
analyze the problem in parts to find out the details of each part
to understand the actual dimensions of the problem.
19. 4. Collecting Data/Information
Designing the Methods using available resources and techniques
to solve the problem and collecting data accordingly is the
important step in the scientific method. Data related to the
problem can be collected under the following ways:
1. Collection of data through observation
2. Collection of data through experiments
3. Collection of data by surveying literature
4. Discussion with experts
20. 5. Analyzing the Data/Information
Analysis of Information collected develops the scientific
attitude among the learners. The collecting of information can
reveal the uniqueness and the diversity of the problem and its
dimensions. Only on the basis of analysis of information
formulating the hypothesis can be done. The irrelevant data and
information can be discarded by this method. The teacher
should support the learner for analysis of information. By this
skills of classification and comparison can be developed
among the learners.
21. 6. Framing Hypothesis
Formulation of hypothesis or tentative solutions (Framing
hypothesis) is the important step in the scientific method. Tentative
solutions are derived from analyzing various data on the basis of
organizing and grouping the data according to their similarities and
dissimilarities. In this way, many tentative solutions can be
obtained to the given problem. They are called hypotheses. All
hypotheses cannot be the solutions to a problem. One among them
will be the suitable solution to the problem. Students can be
encouraged to formulate hypothesis on the basis of collected data
by observation or by experiments.
22. 7. Verifying the hypothesis
Evaluation of hypothesis or verification of hypothesis is
essential to find out the appropriate one which is most likely to
be correct. On the basis of hypotheses, further data collected
through the repeated experiments are analyzed and the most
appropriate hypothesis need be selected. The tentative solutions
may be discarded when there is lack of validity and
experimental proof.
23. 8. Finding the solution
A hypothesis must be tested in variety of environments and
from the results of the tests and experiments a valid hypothesis
is selected. Selected and confirmed hypothesis is tested again
and again. According to its consistency it becomes final
solution to the problem and it can be announced as the result.
24. 9. Applying the solutions in the life situations
The derived results must be generalized. The generalized result
can be utilized whenever the situations happened alike. The
learner can apply the same or similar type of methods for
problem solving.
25. Role of the Teacher in Scientific Method
The scientific method can be used by the learner to understand
the objects, activities and acquire the skills decision making
and problem solving. The solutions or results derived through
this method can be applied to the living environment. In order
to apply the solutions in life solutions the teacher should:
26. Cont.
Arrange a necessary environment to understand the problem.
Guide the learner to collect the data or information.
Help in classification and arrangement of data or information in
a desired order.
Formulate the hypothesis and test the same.
Help to prepare a report on tested hypothesis.
Give a life situation and enable the student to utilize the solution
to find the result.
27. Advantages of Inquiry Method
The following are the major advantages of the inquiry approach.
Be interested and enthusiastic
Get students talking to each other and learning from the peers
Promote the use of accurate current information resources as
students research their learning issues
28. Cont.
Establish a good learning environment for the group Students
develop skills in:
• Critical and creative thinking
• Communication
• Self-directed learning
• Team-work
• Project management
• Problem-solving and
• Students get to know one another better and make friends
29. LIMITATIONS OF INQUIRY METHOD
The scope of the inquiry method is limited in terms of contents
also the effective applications of this approach requires
motivated and mature students. The teachers also need to be
well competent in planning, designing, conducting and
monitoring the inquiry based learning.
32. Students are presented with problems which require
them to find either a scientific or technological
solution.
It is a student-centered strategy which require
students to become active participants in the
learning process.
Problem-solving
33. Problem solving is a teaching strategy that employs the
scientific method in searching for information.
Problem solving as teaching strategy
34. Five basic steps of the scientific method
1.Sensing and defining the problem
2.Formulating hypothesis
3.Testing the likely hypothesis
4.Analysis, interpretation and evaluation of evidence
5.Formulating conclusions
35. This approach is used most often in science and
mathematics classes. The students are trained to be
sensitive to any puzzling situation or to any difficult
situation that needs to be solved.
Having defined the problem clearly, a tentative solution
is solicited.
The closest scientific guess is then pursued by
undertaking an appropriative investigative technique such
as performing an experiment or gathering data through
directed observations. Finally they are led to formulate
conclusions.
36. This approach is most effective in developing skill in
employing the science processes.
The scientific method can likewise be used effectively in
other non-science subjects. It is a general procedure in
finding solutions to daily occurrences that urgently need
to be addressed.
ADVANTAGES
37. The student’s active involvement resulting in meaningful
experiences serves as a strong motivation to follow the
scientific procedure in future undertakings.
Problem-solving develops higher level thinking skills.
A keen sense of responsibility, originality and
resourcefulness are developed, which are much-needed
ingredients for independent study.
ADVANTAGES
38. The students become appreciative and grateful for the
achievement of scientists.
Critical thinking, open-mindedness and wise judgment
are among scientific attitudes and values inculcated
through competence in the scientific method.
The students learn to accept the opinions and evidence
shared by others.
ADVANTAGES