INNOVATIVE TEACHING MANUAL
SHAHINA.S
INNOVATIVE TEACHING MANUAL
Name of the student teacher : Shahina.S Standard : VIII
Name of the school : St. Mary’s H.S. S. Pattom Division : W
Subject : Social Science Strength :
Unit : Zo-XS kwkvIm-c-§-fn-eqsS Duration : 30 Minutes
Sub unit : CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvImcw Date :
Period :
Curricular Statement
NÀ¨, nco-£-Ww, A]-{K-Yw F¶n-h-bneqsS CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨v a-Ên-em¡n sImSp-¡p-¶p.
{]ivw : Zo-XS kwkvIm-c-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Adn-hn-Ãmbva
D]-{]ivw: CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Adn-hn-Ãmbva
Learning objectives / outcome
1. ]pcm-X CuPn-]vXnse cmPmhv Xq¯p³ Jma³ Bbn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Ip«n HmÀ¯p ]d-bp-¶-Xn-v.
2. arX-i-cocw tISp-Iq-SmsX kq£n-¡p¶ coXn CuPn-]vXn-ep-−m-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Ip«n Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xnv
3. C§s arX-i-cocw kq£n-¡p¶ coXn a½n F¶v Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh¶v Ip«n a-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-v.
4. a½n-IÄ kq£n-¨n-cp¶ henb ih-Ip-So-c-§-fmWv ]nc-an-Up-IÄ F¶v Ip«n hnh-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-v.
5. CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ {][m khn-ti-j-X-Isf Ip«n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-v.
6. ssltäm-¥n-^nIvkv en]n-sb-¡p-dn¨v Ip«n A]-{K-Yn-¡p-¶-Xnv
7. {]Xna nÀ½m-W-¯nepw inev] sshZ-Kv[y-¯npw CuPn-]vXp-ImÀ ap¶n-em-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Ip«n hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xnv
Content Analysis
Terms 1922 hw-_À Xq¯³ Jm-a³, a½n, ^td-h, ssÂ-Zn, sbv¯v, ssltdm-¥n-^n-Ivkv, ]m¸n-dkv sNSn, kqcy-
L-Sn-Im-cw, Pe-L-Sn-Im-cw, kv^nwKvkv
Facts 1. ]pcm-X CuPn-]vXnse cmPm-¡-·mÀ ^tdmh F¶mWv Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶Xv
2. arX-i-cocw tISp-Iq-SmsX kq£n-¡p¶ coXn-bmWv CuPn-]vXn-ep-−m-bn-cp-¶-Xv.
3. C§s kq£n-¡-s¸« arX-i-cocw a½n F¶v Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp¶p
4. a½n-IÄ kq£n-¨n-cp¶ henb ih-IpSo-c-§-fmWv ]nc-an-Up-IÄ
5. sbv¯v, kv^Sn-I-]m{X nÀ½mWw F¶n-h-bnepw AhÀ GÀs¸-«n-cp-¶p.
6. {]mNo CuPn-]vjy³ PX Hcp Fgp¯p hnZy cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶p. ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkv F¶mWv Adn-b-
s¸-«n-cp-¶-Xv.
7. ]m¸n-dkv sNSn-bpsS Ce-I-fmWv AhÀ Fgp-Xm³ D]-tbm-Kn-¨Xv
8. imkv{X-cw-K¯pw AhÀ anI¨ ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-¨n-cp-¶p.
9. kqcys ASn-Øm--am-¡n-bpÅ Hcp Ie-−À AhÀ X¿m-dm¡n Hcp hÀjs¯ 365 Znh-k-§-fm¡n IW-
¡m-¡n-bn-cp-¶p.
10. KWnX imkv{X cwK¯pw {]mNo CuPn-]vXnsâ t«-§Ä {it²-b-amWv
11. {XntIm-Ww, NXpcw F¶n-h-bpsS hnkvXrXn IW-¡m-¡m³ AhÀ¡-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p.
12. ng-ens ASn-Øm--am¡n kabw IW-¡m-¡p¶ kqcy-L-Sn-Im-cw, Pe-{]-hm-l-¯nsâ ASn-Øm--¯nÂ
kabw nÀ®-bn-¡p¶ Pe-L-Sn-Imcw XpS-§n-bh AhÀ X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cp-¶p.
13. {]Xnam nÀ½m-W-¯nepw AhÀ hnZ-Kv[-cm-bn-cp-¶p. ap-jysâ Xebpw knwl-¯nsâ DS-epapÅ
kv^nwKvkv F¶ {]Xna Ah-cpsS inev] sshZ-Kv[y-¯nv DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.
Concept CuPn-]vXnse ss Zo-X-S-¯n-emWv Cu kwkvImcw hfÀ¶p-h-¶-Xv. Irjn-bm-bn-cp¶p CuPn-]vjy³
kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ ASn-¯-d.
Pre-requisites CuPn-]vXn-s-¡p-dn¨v Ip«n¡v tI«-dn-hp−v
Teaching CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hni-Z-am-¡p¶ Ubdn
Learning CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ ImWn-¡p¶ Nn{X-§Ä
Resources ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkv en]n-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ ssÉUv
Class room interaction procedure Pupils response
Introduction
Hu]-Nm-cnI kw`m-j-W-¯n-p-tij A[ym-]nI ]mT-`m-K-t¯¡p IS-¡p-¶p.
CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hni-Z-am-¡p¶ Ubdn A[ym-]nI Ip«n-
IÄ¡v ImWn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p.
Ubdn
1922 hw-_À amk-¯n Rm³ CuPn-]vXn-se-¯n. 14þmw
qäm-−n Pohn¨p acn-¨p-t]mb Xq¯³ Jma³ F¶ N{I-hÀ¯n-
bpsS a½n-tX-Sn-bpÅ bm{X. a½n-I-sfbpw ]nc-an-Up-I-sfbpw tXSn-
bpÅ bm{X-bpsS ]pXnb LSw. CuPn-]vXnsâ hS-¡p-`m-K-¯m-bpÅ
Xmgvhcbn-eqsS kpZoÀL-amb Atz-j-Ww. ]t£ ^e-an-Ã. {]Xo-
£. ncm-i-bv¡p-h-gn-am-dn. Ah-kmw hen-sbmcp ]nc-an-Unsâ Acn-
Ip-tNÀ¶v Jw S-¯p-hm³ Rm³ Xocp-am-n-¨p. BImw£ AÛp-
X-¯n-p-h-gn-am-dn. `qan-¡-Sn-bn-te¡v ofp¶ ]S-hp-IÄ. ]S-hp-IÄ
]n¶n-s«-¯n-bXv hen-sbmcp hmXn-en--cn-sI. H¶np ]ndsI asäm-¶v.
aq¶m-as¯ hmXn Xpd-¶-t¸m-tg¡pw Rm³ AÔm-fn-¨p-t]m-bn.
Rm³ Atz-jn-¡p¶ N{I-hÀ¯n CXm ap¼n kÀÆm-`-cW hn`q-jn-
X-mbn A-´-amb n{Z-bnÂ
NˬmNˬmNˬmNˬm----kqkqkqkq----NIwNIwNIwNIw
Ubdnbn kqNn-¸n¨ cmPyw GXmWv?
cmPm-¡-·mÀ Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶Xv GXv t]cn-emWv?
‘a½n’ F¶m F´v?
t{ImUot{ImUot{ImUot{ImUo----IIII----cWwcWwcWwcWw
CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn-¨mWv Ub-dn-bn ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-
¶-Xv. ]pcm-X CuPn-]vXnse cmPm-hm-bn-cp¶p Xq¯p³ Jma³.
A¡m-e¯v CuPn-]vXnse cmPm-¡-·mÀ ^tdmh F¶m-W-dn-b-s¸-«n-
cp-¶-Xv. arX-i-cocw tISp-Iq-SmsX kq£n-¡p¶ coXn CuPn-]vXn-ep-
−m-bn-cp-¶p. CXv a½n F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.
a½n-IÄ kq£n-¨n-cp¶ henb ih-Ip-So-c-§-fmWv ]nc-an-Up-IÄ.
Activity – 1
CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ ImWn-¡p¶ Nn{X-§Ä
A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v ImWn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p.
Nn{Xw þ 1 Nn{Xw þ 2 Nn{Xw þ 3 Nn{Xw þ 4
]nc-an-Up-IÄ
ss Zn ssltdm¥n^nIvkv
kv^nwKvkv
NˬmNˬmNˬmNˬm----kqkqkqkq----NIwNIwNIwNIw
CuPn]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ {][m khn-ti-j-X-IÄ
Fs´Ãmw?
t{ImUo-I-cWw
CuPn-]vXnse ss Zo-X-S-¯n-emWv Cu kwkvImcw hfÀ¶p-h-¶-Xv.
Irjn-bm-bn-cp¶p CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ ASn-¯-d. sbv¯v,
kv^SnI ]m{X-nÀ½mWw F¶n-h-bnepw AhÀ GÀs¸-«n-cp-¶p.
ssltäm-¥n-^nIvkv F¶mWv Ah-cpsS Fgp-¯p-hnZy Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶-Xv.
kqcys ASn-Øm--am-¡n-bpÅ Hcp Ie-−À AhÀ X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cp-¶p.
Hcp hÀjs¯ 365 Znh-k-§-fm¡n IW-¡m-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. 30 Znh-k-apÅ 12
amk-§-fmbn Hcp hÀjs¯ hn`-Pn-¨p. _m¡n h¶ A©v Znh-k-§Ä
BtLm-j-§Ä¡mbn amän-h-¨n-cp-¶p. KWnX imkv{X-cw-K¯pw t«-§Ä
D−m-bn-cp-¶p.
{XntIm-Ww, NXpcw F¶n-h-bpsS hnkvXrXn IW-¡m-¡m³ AhÀ¡-dn-bm-
am-bn-cp-¶p. ng-ens ASn-Øm--am¡n kabw IW-¡m-¡p¶ kqcyLSn-
Im-cw, Pe-{]-hm-l-¯nsâ ASn-Øm--¯n kabw nÀ®-bn-¡p¶ Pe-L-
Sn-Imcw XpS-§n-bh AhÀ X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cp-¶p.
{]Xnam nÀ½m-W-¯nepw AhÀ hnZ-Kv[-cm-bn-cp-¶p. ap-jysâ Xebpw
knwl-¯nsâ DS-ep-apÅ kv^nwKvkv F¶ {]Xna Ah-cpsS inev] sshZ-
Kv[y-¯nv DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.
Activity – 2
ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkv en]n-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Hcp ssÉUv A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v
ImWn¨p sImSp-¡p-¶p.
ssltdmssltdmssltdmssltdm----¥n¥n¥n¥n----^nIvkv^nIvkv^nIvkv^nIvkv
ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkv en]n BZy-ambn hmbn-¨Xv {^©p ]Þn-X-
m-bn-cp¶ jwt]m-entbm Bbn-cp-¶p. (1790þ1832) {^m³knse
`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp¶ st¸m-fn-bsâ CuPn]vXv B{I-a-W-Im-
e¯v Ct±-lhpw st¸m-fn-b-tm-sSm¸w D−m-bn-cp-¶p. ssÂ-
Zo-ap-J¯p Is−-¯nb hen-sbmcp ine-bmWv (tdm-sk-ä) Cu
Fgp-¯p-−m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. nc-´-c-amb ]cn-{i-a-§Äs¡m-Sp-hnÂ
Cu en]n hmbn-s¨-Sp-¡m³ At±-l-¯np Ign-ªp.
NˬmNˬmNˬmNˬm----kqkqkqkq----NIwNIwNIwNIw
CuPn-]vjy³ P-X-bpsS Fgp-¯p-hnZy GXv t]cn-emWv
Adn-b-s¸-«ncp-¶Xv?
F´v D]-tbm-Kn-¨mWv Cu en]n Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶Xv?
Cu en]n BZy-ambn hmbn-¨Xv Bcm-bn-cp¶p?
Conclusion
CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw khn-ti-j-X-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pw Hcn-¡Â
IqSn ]d-ªp-sIm−v A[ym-]nI ¢mkv Ah-km-n-¸n-¡p-¶p.
t{ImUo-I-cWw
{]mNo CuPn-]vjy³ PX Fgp-¯p-hnZy cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶p.
ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkv F¶mWv Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. AXnsâ AÀ°w
‘hnip-²-amb Fgp¯v’ F¶mWv
]m¸n-dkv sNSn-bpsS Ce-I-fmWv AhÀ Fgp-Xm³ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-
¶-Xv. BZy-ambn Cu en]n hmbn-¨Xv {^©p ]Þn-X-mb
jwt]m-entbm Bbn-cp¶p (1970þ1832).
ss Zo-ap-J¯p Is−-¯nb hen-sbmcp ine-bn-emWv (tdm-
sk-ä) Cu Fgp-¯p-−m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. nc-´-c-amb ]cn-{i-a-
§Äs¡m-Sp-hn Cu en]n hmbn-s¨-Sp-¡m³ At±-l-¯np Ign-
ªp.
Black Board Summary
CuPn-]vjy³
ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkv
kv^nwKvIvkv
Pe-L-Sn-Imcw
Review Questions
CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ {][m khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Fs´Ãmw?
ssltdm-¥n-^n-Ivkn-s-¡p-dn¨v hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-I.
Follow up activity
CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ hnhn[ Nn{X-§Ä tiJ-cn-¡pI

Innovative teaching manual

  • 1.
  • 2.
    INNOVATIVE TEACHING MANUAL Nameof the student teacher : Shahina.S Standard : VIII Name of the school : St. Mary’s H.S. S. Pattom Division : W Subject : Social Science Strength : Unit : Zo-XS kwkvIm-c-§-fn-eqsS Duration : 30 Minutes Sub unit : CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvImcw Date : Period : Curricular Statement NÀ¨, nco-£-Ww, A]-{K-Yw F¶n-h-bneqsS CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨v a-Ên-em¡n sImSp-¡p-¶p. {]ivw : Zo-XS kwkvIm-c-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Adn-hn-Ãmbva D]-{]ivw: CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Adn-hn-Ãmbva Learning objectives / outcome 1. ]pcm-X CuPn-]vXnse cmPmhv Xq¯p³ Jma³ Bbn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Ip«n HmÀ¯p ]d-bp-¶-Xn-v. 2. arX-i-cocw tISp-Iq-SmsX kq£n-¡p¶ coXn CuPn-]vXn-ep-−m-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Ip«n Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xnv 3. C§s arX-i-cocw kq£n-¡p¶ coXn a½n F¶v Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh¶v Ip«n a-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-v. 4. a½n-IÄ kq£n-¨n-cp¶ henb ih-Ip-So-c-§-fmWv ]nc-an-Up-IÄ F¶v Ip«n hnh-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-v. 5. CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ {][m khn-ti-j-X-Isf Ip«n hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-v. 6. ssltäm-¥n-^nIvkv en]n-sb-¡p-dn¨v Ip«n A]-{K-Yn-¡p-¶-Xnv
  • 3.
    7. {]Xna nÀ½m-W-¯nepwinev] sshZ-Kv[y-¯npw CuPn-]vXp-ImÀ ap¶n-em-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v Ip«n hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xnv Content Analysis Terms 1922 hw-_À Xq¯³ Jm-a³, a½n, ^td-h, ssÂ-Zn, sbv¯v, ssltdm-¥n-^n-Ivkv, ]m¸n-dkv sNSn, kqcy- L-Sn-Im-cw, Pe-L-Sn-Im-cw, kv^nwKvkv Facts 1. ]pcm-X CuPn-]vXnse cmPm-¡-·mÀ ^tdmh F¶mWv Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶Xv 2. arX-i-cocw tISp-Iq-SmsX kq£n-¡p¶ coXn-bmWv CuPn-]vXn-ep-−m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. 3. C§s kq£n-¡-s¸« arX-i-cocw a½n F¶v Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp¶p 4. a½n-IÄ kq£n-¨n-cp¶ henb ih-IpSo-c-§-fmWv ]nc-an-Up-IÄ 5. sbv¯v, kv^Sn-I-]m{X nÀ½mWw F¶n-h-bnepw AhÀ GÀs¸-«n-cp-¶p. 6. {]mNo CuPn-]vjy³ PX Hcp Fgp¯p hnZy cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶p. ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkv F¶mWv Adn-b- s¸-«n-cp-¶-Xv. 7. ]m¸n-dkv sNSn-bpsS Ce-I-fmWv AhÀ Fgp-Xm³ D]-tbm-Kn-¨Xv 8. imkv{X-cw-K¯pw AhÀ anI¨ ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-¨n-cp-¶p. 9. kqcys ASn-Øm--am-¡n-bpÅ Hcp Ie-−À AhÀ X¿m-dm¡n Hcp hÀjs¯ 365 Znh-k-§-fm¡n IW- ¡m-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. 10. KWnX imkv{X cwK¯pw {]mNo CuPn-]vXnsâ t«-§Ä {it²-b-amWv 11. {XntIm-Ww, NXpcw F¶n-h-bpsS hnkvXrXn IW-¡m-¡m³ AhÀ¡-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p. 12. ng-ens ASn-Øm--am¡n kabw IW-¡m-¡p¶ kqcy-L-Sn-Im-cw, Pe-{]-hm-l-¯nsâ ASn-Øm--¯n kabw nÀ®-bn-¡p¶ Pe-L-Sn-Imcw XpS-§n-bh AhÀ X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. 13. {]Xnam nÀ½m-W-¯nepw AhÀ hnZ-Kv[-cm-bn-cp-¶p. ap-jysâ Xebpw knwl-¯nsâ DS-epapÅ kv^nwKvkv F¶ {]Xna Ah-cpsS inev] sshZ-Kv[y-¯nv DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.
  • 4.
    Concept CuPn-]vXnse ssÂZo-X-S-¯n-emWv Cu kwkvImcw hfÀ¶p-h-¶-Xv. Irjn-bm-bn-cp¶p CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ ASn-¯-d. Pre-requisites CuPn-]vXn-s-¡p-dn¨v Ip«n¡v tI«-dn-hp−v Teaching CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hni-Z-am-¡p¶ Ubdn Learning CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ ImWn-¡p¶ Nn{X-§Ä Resources ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkv en]n-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ ssÉUv Class room interaction procedure Pupils response Introduction Hu]-Nm-cnI kw`m-j-W-¯n-p-tij A[ym-]nI ]mT-`m-K-t¯¡p IS-¡p-¶p. CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨v hni-Z-am-¡p¶ Ubdn A[ym-]nI Ip«n- IÄ¡v ImWn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p. Ubdn 1922 hw-_À amk-¯n Rm³ CuPn-]vXn-se-¯n. 14þmw qäm-−n Pohn¨p acn-¨p-t]mb Xq¯³ Jma³ F¶ N{I-hÀ¯n- bpsS a½n-tX-Sn-bpÅ bm{X. a½n-I-sfbpw ]nc-an-Up-I-sfbpw tXSn- bpÅ bm{X-bpsS ]pXnb LSw. CuPn-]vXnsâ hS-¡p-`m-K-¯m-bpÅ Xmgvhcbn-eqsS kpZoÀL-amb Atz-j-Ww. ]t£ ^e-an-Ã. {]Xo- £. ncm-i-bv¡p-h-gn-am-dn. Ah-kmw hen-sbmcp ]nc-an-Unsâ Acn- Ip-tNÀ¶v Jw S-¯p-hm³ Rm³ Xocp-am-n-¨p. BImw£ AÛp- X-¯n-p-h-gn-am-dn. `qan-¡-Sn-bn-te¡v ofp¶ ]S-hp-IÄ. ]S-hp-IÄ ]n¶n-s«-¯n-bXv hen-sbmcp hmXn-en--cn-sI. H¶np ]ndsI asäm-¶v. aq¶m-as¯ hmXn Xpd-¶-t¸m-tg¡pw Rm³ AÔm-fn-¨p-t]m-bn. Rm³ Atz-jn-¡p¶ N{I-hÀ¯n CXm ap¼n kÀÆm-`-cW hn`q-jn- X-mbn A-´-amb n{Z-bnÂ
  • 5.
    NÀ¨mNÀ¨mNÀ¨mNÀ¨m----kqkqkqkq----NIwNIwNIwNIw Ubdnbn kqNn-¸n¨ cmPywGXmWv? cmPm-¡-·mÀ Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶Xv GXv t]cn-emWv? ‘a½n’ F¶m F´v? t{ImUot{ImUot{ImUot{ImUo----IIII----cWwcWwcWwcWw CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn-¨mWv Ub-dn-bn ]d-ªn-cn-¡p- ¶-Xv. ]pcm-X CuPn-]vXnse cmPm-hm-bn-cp¶p Xq¯p³ Jma³. A¡m-e¯v CuPn-]vXnse cmPm-¡-·mÀ ^tdmh F¶m-W-dn-b-s¸-«n- cp-¶-Xv. arX-i-cocw tISp-Iq-SmsX kq£n-¡p¶ coXn CuPn-]vXn-ep- −m-bn-cp-¶p. CXv a½n F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. a½n-IÄ kq£n-¨n-cp¶ henb ih-Ip-So-c-§-fmWv ]nc-an-Up-IÄ.
  • 6.
    Activity – 1 CuPn-]vjy³kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ ImWn-¡p¶ Nn{X-§Ä A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v ImWn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p. Nn{Xw þ 1 Nn{Xw þ 2 Nn{Xw þ 3 Nn{Xw þ 4 ]nc-an-Up-IÄ ss Zn ssltdm¥n^nIvkv kv^nwKvkv NÀ¨mNÀ¨mNÀ¨mNÀ¨m----kqkqkqkq----NIwNIwNIwNIw CuPn]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ {][m khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Fs´Ãmw?
  • 7.
    t{ImUo-I-cWw CuPn-]vXnse ss Zo-X-S-¯n-emWvCu kwkvImcw hfÀ¶p-h-¶-Xv. Irjn-bm-bn-cp¶p CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ ASn-¯-d. sbv¯v, kv^SnI ]m{X-nÀ½mWw F¶n-h-bnepw AhÀ GÀs¸-«n-cp-¶p. ssltäm-¥n-^nIvkv F¶mWv Ah-cpsS Fgp-¯p-hnZy Adn-b-s¸-«n-cp-¶-Xv. kqcys ASn-Øm--am-¡n-bpÅ Hcp Ie-−À AhÀ X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. Hcp hÀjs¯ 365 Znh-k-§-fm¡n IW-¡m-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. 30 Znh-k-apÅ 12 amk-§-fmbn Hcp hÀjs¯ hn`-Pn-¨p. _m¡n h¶ A©v Znh-k-§Ä BtLm-j-§Ä¡mbn amän-h-¨n-cp-¶p. KWnX imkv{X-cw-K¯pw t«-§Ä D−m-bn-cp-¶p. {XntIm-Ww, NXpcw F¶n-h-bpsS hnkvXrXn IW-¡m-¡m³ AhÀ¡-dn-bm- am-bn-cp-¶p. ng-ens ASn-Øm--am¡n kabw IW-¡m-¡p¶ kqcyLSn- Im-cw, Pe-{]-hm-l-¯nsâ ASn-Øm--¯n kabw nÀ®-bn-¡p¶ Pe-L- Sn-Imcw XpS-§n-bh AhÀ X¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cp-¶p. {]Xnam nÀ½m-W-¯nepw AhÀ hnZ-Kv[-cm-bn-cp-¶p. ap-jysâ Xebpw knwl-¯nsâ DS-ep-apÅ kv^nwKvkv F¶ {]Xna Ah-cpsS inev] sshZ- Kv[y-¯nv DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv.
  • 8.
    Activity – 2 ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkven]n-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Hcp ssÉUv A[ym-]nI Ip«n-IÄ¡v ImWn¨p sImSp-¡p-¶p. ssltdmssltdmssltdmssltdm----¥n¥n¥n¥n----^nIvkv^nIvkv^nIvkv^nIvkv ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkv en]n BZy-ambn hmbn-¨Xv {^©p ]Þn-X- m-bn-cp¶ jwt]m-entbm Bbn-cp-¶p. (1790þ1832) {^m³knse `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp¶ st¸m-fn-bsâ CuPn]vXv B{I-a-W-Im- e¯v Ct±-lhpw st¸m-fn-b-tm-sSm¸w D−m-bn-cp-¶p. ssÂ- Zo-ap-J¯p Is−-¯nb hen-sbmcp ine-bmWv (tdm-sk-ä) Cu Fgp-¯p-−m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. nc-´-c-amb ]cn-{i-a-§Äs¡m-Sp-hn Cu en]n hmbn-s¨-Sp-¡m³ At±-l-¯np Ign-ªp. NÀ¨mNÀ¨mNÀ¨mNÀ¨m----kqkqkqkq----NIwNIwNIwNIw CuPn-]vjy³ P-X-bpsS Fgp-¯p-hnZy GXv t]cn-emWv Adn-b-s¸-«ncp-¶Xv? F´v D]-tbm-Kn-¨mWv Cu en]n Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶Xv? Cu en]n BZy-ambn hmbn-¨Xv Bcm-bn-cp¶p?
  • 9.
    Conclusion CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw khn-ti-j-X-I-sf-¡p-dn¨pwHcn-¡Â IqSn ]d-ªp-sIm−v A[ym-]nI ¢mkv Ah-km-n-¸n-¡p-¶p. t{ImUo-I-cWw {]mNo CuPn-]vjy³ PX Fgp-¯p-hnZy cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶p. ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkv F¶mWv Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. AXnsâ AÀ°w ‘hnip-²-amb Fgp¯v’ F¶mWv ]m¸n-dkv sNSn-bpsS Ce-I-fmWv AhÀ Fgp-Xm³ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp- ¶-Xv. BZy-ambn Cu en]n hmbn-¨Xv {^©p ]Þn-X-mb jwt]m-entbm Bbn-cp¶p (1970þ1832). ss Zo-ap-J¯p Is−-¯nb hen-sbmcp ine-bn-emWv (tdm- sk-ä) Cu Fgp-¯p-−m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. nc-´-c-amb ]cn-{i-a- §Äs¡m-Sp-hn Cu en]n hmbn-s¨-Sp-¡m³ At±-l-¯np Ign- ªp.
  • 10.
    Black Board Summary CuPn-]vjy³ ssltdm-¥n-^nIvkv kv^nwKvIvkv Pe-L-Sn-Imcw ReviewQuestions CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ {][m khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Fs´Ãmw? ssltdm-¥n-^n-Ivkn-s-¡p-dn¨v hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-I. Follow up activity CuPn-]vjy³ kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ hnhn[ Nn{X-§Ä tiJ-cn-¡pI