LESSON TEMPLATE 
Name of the teacher : ANCHANA.K. MOHAN 
Name of the school : G.V.H.S.S aryanad 
Subject : SOCIAL SCIENCE 
Unit : `£-y-ti-J-c-W-¯nv n¶v `t£-ym-ev]m-Z- 
-¯n-te¡v 
Topic : ho--in-em-bpKw 
Date : 
Standard : IX 
Division : A 
Strength : 33/34 
Duration : 40 mint 
LEARNING OBJECTIVE 
ho--in-em-bp-Ks¯ Ipdn¨pw Ah-bpsS {]tX-yI-XIfpw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xv. 
Terms 
Place 
Facts i) 
CONTENT ANALYSIS 
ho--in-em-bpKw 
]Ýn-ta-jy , PmÀtam, Pdnt¡m 
 inem-bpK-§Ä tX¨v aqÀ¨ Iq«n D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ XpS-§nb Ime-L-«-amWv ho--in-em-bpKw F¶p-]-d-bp-¶p. 
 Cu Ime-L-«-¯n Irjnbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯epw 
 Irjn-bp-tSbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯ensâbpw An-tj-[-y-amb sXfn-hp-IÄ BZ-y-ambn e`n-¡p-¶Xv ho--in-em-bp-K-¯n-em-Wv.
 ]Ýn-ta-j-y-bnse tbmÀ±m³ Zo-Xo-c-¯pÅ PmÀtam, sPdo-t¡m, F¶n-hn-S-§-fn n¶v Irjn-bpsS sXfn-hp-IÄ e`n-¨n-«p-­v. 
 Nne B{^n-¡³ {]tZi-§-fn n¶v Imen-h-fÀ¯entâbpw, ]c-kv]-c-t]m-j-I-§-fm-sW¶v ap-j-y³ Is­- 
¯n. 
 N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] 
n-Sn-¯w, KXm-K-Xw, hy-h-km-bw, F¶n-h-bpsS KXn-am-än-a-dn-¨p. 
 5000 sImÃ-§Ä¡pw ap¼p-Xs¶ `mcw Npa-¡p-¶-Xnv Igp-Xsb t]män-bn-cp-¶-Xmbn ImWmw. 
 _m_n-temWpw Gj-ym-ssaudpambn S-¶-I-¨-h-S-¯n km[m--§Ä sIm­p- 
t]m-bn-cp-¶Xv Igp-X-¸p-d-¯m-bn-cp-¶p. 
 CuPn-]vänepw sak-t¸m-t«m-an-b-bnepw ne-ap-gmpw `mcw Npa-¡mpw Igp-Xsb D]-tbm-Kn-¨p. 
 a¬ ]m{X-nÀ½nXnbn N{I-¯nsâ D]-tbm-Kw-{]-tX-yI ]cn-io-e--¯nsâ Bh-i-y-I-X-sIm-­p- 
h-¶p. 
Concept 
a[-y-in-em-bp-K-¯n n¶pw ho--in-em-bp-K¯ntebv¡v hcp-t¼mÄ Irjn, N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] 
n-Sn-¯w,-I-e,-B-Nm-cm-p-jvSm--§Ä F¶n-h-bn 
h¶ amäw a-Ên-em-¡p-¶p. 
Learning aid 
ho--in-em-bp-K-¯nse khn-ti-j-X-IÄ AS-§p¶ NmÀ«v 
Entry behavior 
ho-I-c-W-in-em-bp-Ks¯ Ipdn¨v Ip«n-tI«n«p­v. 
TEACHER – PUPIL INTERACTION RESPONSE 
INTRODUCTION
kulr-Z-kw-`m-j-W-§Ä¡v tijw A[-ym-]nI Nne tNmZ-y-§Ä tNmZn-¡p-¶p. 
Ip«n-Im-e¯v n§Ä IÃp-sIm-s­ms¡ 
Ifn-¨n-«pt­m? 
n§-fpsS ho«n IÃp-sIm-­pÅ 
D]-I-c-W-§Ä D­v? 
GsXms¡ D]-I-c-W-§-fmWv DÅXv? 
n§-sf-t¸mse Xs¶-]-g-b-¡me ap-j-y³ IÃp-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨p ImWntÃ? AXv 
GXv Ime-L-«-amWv? 
Hcp-]mSv amäw-h-¶Xv GXv Ime-L-«-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p. 
At¸mÄ ap-¡nn ho--in-em-bp-K-s¯-¡p-dn-¨mWv ]Tn-¡m³ t]mIp-¶-Xv. 
A[-ym-]nI ho inem-bp-K¯nse hnhn-[-Xcw Nne-I-fpsS Nn{X-§Ä AS-§nb 
NmÀ«v ImWn-¡p-¶p. 
PRESENTATION 
`t£-ymÂ]m-Zw ap-j-y-Po-hn-Xs¯ BI-amw amän adn¨p. CXv ho--in-em- 
D­v 
D­v 
A½n-IÃv,-B-«p-IÃv 
D­v, 
Fdn-bm-pw, hoSp-­m-¡ 
mpw 
{]mNo Ime-L«w 
ho inem-bpKw
bp-K-hn-¹-h-¯nsâ Hcp hi-am-Wv. tX¨v aqÀ¨-Iq-«n-b-in-em-bp-K-§Ä D]- 
tbm-Kn-¡m³ XpS-§n-b-Im-e-¯n-mWv ho--in-em-bpKw F¶v ]d-bp-¶-Xv. 
Irjn-bp-sSbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯ensâbpw sXfn-hp-IÄ BZ-y-ambn e`n-¡p-¶Xv ho- 
-in-em-bp-K-¯n-em-Wv. Irjnbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯epw ]c-kv]-c-t]m-j-I-§- 
fmsW¶v ap-j-y³ Is­- 
¯n. 
GROUPING 
A[-ym-]nI Ip«n-Isf A,B,C,D hnhn[ {Kq¸p-I-fmbn Xncn-¡p-¶p. 
ACTIVITY.I 
ho--in-em-bp-K-¯nse khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Fs´ms¡? 
Ipdp¸v X¿m-dm-¡pI? 
kqN-I§Ä 
 Imen-h-fÀ¯Â 
 Ifn-a¬ ]m{X-§-fpsS nÀ½mWw 
Ip«n-IÄ {i²-tbmsS tI«ncn-¡p-¶p.
 kmaq-ly Pohn-X-¯nsâ Bcw`w 
 Irjn-bpsS Bcw`w 
Irjn-bp-sSbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯ensâbpw sXfn-hp-IÄ BZ-y-ambn e`n-¡p-¶-Xv- 
ho--in-em-bp-K-¯n-em-Wv. Irjnbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯epw ]c-kv]-c-t]m-j-I-§- 
fmsW¶v ap-j-y³ Is­- 
¯n. N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] 
n-Sn-¯-t¯msS Ifn-a¬]m-{X-§Ä-D-­m- 
¡m³ XpS-§n. Xncn-bp¶ N{I-¯n³ta Ifn-a¬ Ipg¨v h¨v a¬]m-{X-§-fp-­m¡ 
n 
XpS-§n. CXv sXmgn Iq«m-bvabv¡v XpS¡w Ipdn-¨p. 
Irjn-bpw, Imen-h-fÀ¯epw ]c-kv]cw t]mj-I-§-fm-sW¶v Is­- 
¯n. NmWIw Irjn¡v An-tbm- 
P-y-am-hp-Ibpw ssht¡m Imen-IÄ¡v Xoä-bmbn sImSp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. IÃp-IÄ tX¨v 
aqÀ¨-Iq«n Irjn-sN¿m³ D]-tbm-Kn-¨p. 
Irjn-sN¿m³ XpS-§n-b-tXmsS kmaq-ly PohnXw Bcw-`n-¨p.
ACTIVITY II 
N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] 
n-Sn-¯-s¯-¡p-dn-s¨mcp hni-I-e--Ip-dn¸v X¿m-dm-¡pI? 
A[-ym-]nI A[n-I-hn-h-c-§Ä ÂIn t{ImUo-I-cn-¨p. 
ap-j-y-Po-hn-Xs¯ sam¯-¯n amän-a-dn¨v H¶m-bn-cp-¶p. N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] 
n- 
Sn¯w C¶-s¯-im-kv{XcwK]p-tcm-KXn¡pÅ XpS¡w Ipdn-¨-Xv. 
N-{I-¯nsâ I­p-] 
n-Sn-¯-t¯m-sS-bmbn-cp-¶p. 
ho--in-em-bp-K-¯n-se-Ir-jn-bpsS BhnÀ`m-h-¯n-tm-S-Sp-¯m-bn-cp-¶p. 
N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] 
n-Sn-¯w F¶p-thWw ]d-bm³. Pohn-X-co-Xn-bnse ]cn-hÀ¯§Ä 
Gsd-¡p-sd-{]-_-e-ambn I­Xpw 
C¡m-e-¯m-Wv. 
KXm-K-X-ku-I-c-y-§-fn D­mb 
DbÀ¨ Hcp-]-cn-[n-hsc N{I-¯ns B{i-bn-¨n-cn-¡ 
p-¶p. asämcp hkvXp asämcp Øe-t¯¡v sIm­p- 
t]m-Ip-¶-Xnv {]bm-k-ta-dn- 
b-t¸mÄ ssIh-­n- 
IÄ {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-¯n. 
BZ-y-Im-e¯v N{Iw ]m{X-ap-­m-¡ 
m³ klm-bn-¡p-¶p. Hcp-D-]-I-c-W-§Ä am{X-am-bn-cp- 
¶p. 
km[§Ä Hcn-S¯v n¶v amäm³ N{I-§Ä-D-]-tbm-Kn-¨pÅ sNdnb h­n- 
IÄnÀ½n¨p. 
N{Xw Pe-tk-h--¯nv {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-¯n.
Ime-¯nv amäw h¶-t¸mÄ ½psS Pohn-X-co-Xnbpw ]cn-K-Wn-¨p. CX-p-k- 
cn¨v IqSp-X kuI-c-y-§Ä hÀ²n¨p. Ch-bn {][ms¸«-XmWv k©mc kuI-c-y- 
§Ä hÀZn-¨p. Ch-bn {][m--s¸-«-XmWv k©mc kuI-c-y-§Ä hml--§-fpsS 
I­p-] 
n-Sn¯w. ]ptcm-KXn {]m]n-¨-tXmsS N{I-§-fpsS BIr-Xn, hen¸w F¶n-h-bnepw 
amä-§Ä hcp-¯n. 
hml§fpsS k©m-c-ssZÀLyw Ap-k-cn¨v hen-¸-h-y-X-ymkw {Iao-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p. 
XpS-§nb XS-¡p-h]Icw dºÀ D]-tbm-Kn¨v nÀ½mWw XpS-§n. {]mNo ap-j-yÀ 
N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] 
n-Sn-¯-¯nv ap³t] Dcp-f³ XSn-I-fm-Wvkm-[--§Ä hln-¨p-sIm­v 
t]mbn-cp-¶-Xv. CXv C¶s¯ hr¯m-Ir-Xn-bn-epÅ N{I-nÀ½mW¯nv 
And-bp-­m-¡ 
n. Npcp-¡n-¸-d-ªm apj-y-Po-hn-X-¯nse ]cn-hÀ¯§Ä¡pw 
KXm-KX kuI-cy§-kpsS Bcw-`-¯nepw XpS¡w Ipdn-¨-Xn XoÀ¯pw {]m[m-yw 
AÀln-¡p-¶p.
COCLUSION 
Irjn Bcw-`-t¯msS `t£-ymÂ]m-Z Pohn-Im-k-{¼-Zmbw `t£-ymÂ]m-Z Pohn- 
Im-k-{¼-Zmbw ap-j-y-Po-hn-Xs¯ amän adn-¨p. CXv -ho inem-bp-K- 
¯nsâ Ccp-h-i-am-Wv. tX¨v aqÀ¨-Iq-«n-b-in-em-bp-K-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ 
XpS-§n-b-Im-e-¯n-mWv ho--in-em-bpKw F¶v ]d-bp-¶-Xv. IqSp-XÂ 
Xmc-y-£-ahpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb D]-I-c-W-am-Wn-Xv.-tbm±m³ Zo-Xo-c- 
¯pÅ PmÀtam sPdntbm F¶n-hn-S-§-fn n¶v Irjn-bp-sSbpw Imen-h-fÀ 
¯ensâbpw sXfn-hp-IÄ In«n-bn-«p-­v. 
Irjnbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯epw ]c-kv]-c-t] 
m-j-I-§-fmsW¶v ap-j-y³ Is­- 
¯n. Irjn-bp-sS Bcw-`-Im-en-h-fÀ¯Â, 
hmbv¯-e-aqÀ¨-Iq-än-b-B-bp-[-§Ä, ]cp-¡³ Ifn-a¬ ]m{X-§-fpsS nÀ½mWw. 
kmaql-yPohn-X-¯nsâ Bcw-`w. XpS-§nb ho--in-em-bp-K-¯nse {][m khn-ti-j- 
IÄ.
REVIEW 
1. ho--in-em-bpKw F¶m-se´v? 
2. ho--in-em-bp-K-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Fs´Ãmw? 
3. ho--in-em-bp-K-¯nse ine-IÄ F´n-sÃmw D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶p? 
4. Ifn-a¬]m-{X-§-fpsS nÀ½mWw GXv inem-bp-K-¯n ne-n-¶n-cp-¶-XmWv? 
5. N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] 
n-Sn¯w ap-j-y-Po-hn-¯n Fs´Ãmw amä-§-fmWv D­m-¡ 
n-bXv? 
FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY 
hoin-em-bp-K-¯n D­m- 
bn-cp¶ ine-I-fpsS Nn{X-§Ä tiJ-cn¨v BÀ_w X¿m-dm-¡p-I?
Lesson template anchana

Lesson template anchana

  • 1.
    LESSON TEMPLATE Nameof the teacher : ANCHANA.K. MOHAN Name of the school : G.V.H.S.S aryanad Subject : SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit : `£-y-ti-J-c-W-¯nv n¶v `t£-ym-ev]m-Z- -¯n-te¡v Topic : ho--in-em-bpKw Date : Standard : IX Division : A Strength : 33/34 Duration : 40 mint LEARNING OBJECTIVE ho--in-em-bp-Ks¯ Ipdn¨pw Ah-bpsS {]tX-yI-XIfpw Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶-Xv. Terms Place Facts i) CONTENT ANALYSIS ho--in-em-bpKw ]Ýn-ta-jy , PmÀtam, Pdnt¡m  inem-bpK-§Ä tX¨v aqÀ¨ Iq«n D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ XpS-§nb Ime-L-«-amWv ho--in-em-bpKw F¶p-]-d-bp-¶p.  Cu Ime-L-«-¯n Irjnbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯epw  Irjn-bp-tSbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯ensâbpw An-tj-[-y-amb sXfn-hp-IÄ BZ-y-ambn e`n-¡p-¶Xv ho--in-em-bp-K-¯n-em-Wv.
  • 2.
     ]Ýn-ta-j-y-bnse tbmÀ±m³Zo-Xo-c-¯pÅ PmÀtam, sPdo-t¡m, F¶n-hn-S-§-fn n¶v Irjn-bpsS sXfn-hp-IÄ e`n-¨n-«p-­v.  Nne B{^n-¡³ {]tZi-§-fn n¶v Imen-h-fÀ¯entâbpw, ]c-kv]-c-t]m-j-I-§-fm-sW¶v ap-j-y³ Is­- ¯n.  N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] n-Sn-¯w, KXm-K-Xw, hy-h-km-bw, F¶n-h-bpsS KXn-am-än-a-dn-¨p.  5000 sImÃ-§Ä¡pw ap¼p-Xs¶ `mcw Npa-¡p-¶-Xnv Igp-Xsb t]män-bn-cp-¶-Xmbn ImWmw.  _m_n-temWpw Gj-ym-ssaudpambn S-¶-I-¨-h-S-¯n km[m--§Ä sIm­p- t]m-bn-cp-¶Xv Igp-X-¸p-d-¯m-bn-cp-¶p.  CuPn-]vänepw sak-t¸m-t«m-an-b-bnepw ne-ap-gmpw `mcw Npa-¡mpw Igp-Xsb D]-tbm-Kn-¨p.  a¬ ]m{X-nÀ½nXnbn N{I-¯nsâ D]-tbm-Kw-{]-tX-yI ]cn-io-e--¯nsâ Bh-i-y-I-X-sIm-­p- h-¶p. Concept a[-y-in-em-bp-K-¯n n¶pw ho--in-em-bp-K¯ntebv¡v hcp-t¼mÄ Irjn, N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] n-Sn-¯w,-I-e,-B-Nm-cm-p-jvSm--§Ä F¶n-h-bn h¶ amäw a-Ên-em-¡p-¶p. Learning aid ho--in-em-bp-K-¯nse khn-ti-j-X-IÄ AS-§p¶ NmÀ«v Entry behavior ho-I-c-W-in-em-bp-Ks¯ Ipdn¨v Ip«n-tI«n«p­v. TEACHER – PUPIL INTERACTION RESPONSE INTRODUCTION
  • 3.
    kulr-Z-kw-`m-j-W-§Ä¡v tijw A[-ym-]nINne tNmZ-y-§Ä tNmZn-¡p-¶p. Ip«n-Im-e¯v n§Ä IÃp-sIm-s­ms¡ Ifn-¨n-«pt­m? n§-fpsS ho«n IÃp-sIm-­pÅ D]-I-c-W-§Ä D­v? GsXms¡ D]-I-c-W-§-fmWv DÅXv? n§-sf-t¸mse Xs¶-]-g-b-¡me ap-j-y³ IÃp-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨p ImWntÃ? AXv GXv Ime-L-«-amWv? Hcp-]mSv amäw-h-¶Xv GXv Ime-L-«-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p. At¸mÄ ap-¡nn ho--in-em-bp-K-s¯-¡p-dn-¨mWv ]Tn-¡m³ t]mIp-¶-Xv. A[-ym-]nI ho inem-bp-K¯nse hnhn-[-Xcw Nne-I-fpsS Nn{X-§Ä AS-§nb NmÀ«v ImWn-¡p-¶p. PRESENTATION `t£-ymÂ]m-Zw ap-j-y-Po-hn-Xs¯ BI-amw amän adn¨p. CXv ho--in-em- D­v D­v A½n-IÃv,-B-«p-IÃv D­v, Fdn-bm-pw, hoSp-­m-¡ mpw {]mNo Ime-L«w ho inem-bpKw
  • 4.
    bp-K-hn-¹-h-¯nsâ Hcp hi-am-Wv.tX¨v aqÀ¨-Iq-«n-b-in-em-bp-K-§Ä D]- tbm-Kn-¡m³ XpS-§n-b-Im-e-¯n-mWv ho--in-em-bpKw F¶v ]d-bp-¶-Xv. Irjn-bp-sSbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯ensâbpw sXfn-hp-IÄ BZ-y-ambn e`n-¡p-¶Xv ho- -in-em-bp-K-¯n-em-Wv. Irjnbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯epw ]c-kv]-c-t]m-j-I-§- fmsW¶v ap-j-y³ Is­- ¯n. GROUPING A[-ym-]nI Ip«n-Isf A,B,C,D hnhn[ {Kq¸p-I-fmbn Xncn-¡p-¶p. ACTIVITY.I ho--in-em-bp-K-¯nse khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Fs´ms¡? Ipdp¸v X¿m-dm-¡pI? kqN-I§Ä  Imen-h-fÀ¯Â  Ifn-a¬ ]m{X-§-fpsS nÀ½mWw Ip«n-IÄ {i²-tbmsS tI«ncn-¡p-¶p.
  • 5.
     kmaq-ly Pohn-X-¯nsâBcw`w  Irjn-bpsS Bcw`w Irjn-bp-sSbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯ensâbpw sXfn-hp-IÄ BZ-y-ambn e`n-¡p-¶-Xv- ho--in-em-bp-K-¯n-em-Wv. Irjnbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯epw ]c-kv]-c-t]m-j-I-§- fmsW¶v ap-j-y³ Is­- ¯n. N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] n-Sn-¯-t¯msS Ifn-a¬]m-{X-§Ä-D-­m- ¡m³ XpS-§n. Xncn-bp¶ N{I-¯n³ta Ifn-a¬ Ipg¨v h¨v a¬]m-{X-§-fp-­m¡ n XpS-§n. CXv sXmgn Iq«m-bvabv¡v XpS¡w Ipdn-¨p. Irjn-bpw, Imen-h-fÀ¯epw ]c-kv]cw t]mj-I-§-fm-sW¶v Is­- ¯n. NmWIw Irjn¡v An-tbm- P-y-am-hp-Ibpw ssht¡m Imen-IÄ¡v Xoä-bmbn sImSp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. IÃp-IÄ tX¨v aqÀ¨-Iq«n Irjn-sN¿m³ D]-tbm-Kn-¨p. Irjn-sN¿m³ XpS-§n-b-tXmsS kmaq-ly PohnXw Bcw-`n-¨p.
  • 6.
    ACTIVITY II N{I-¯nsâI­p-] n-Sn-¯-s¯-¡p-dn-s¨mcp hni-I-e--Ip-dn¸v X¿m-dm-¡pI? A[-ym-]nI A[n-I-hn-h-c-§Ä ÂIn t{ImUo-I-cn-¨p. ap-j-y-Po-hn-Xs¯ sam¯-¯n amän-a-dn¨v H¶m-bn-cp-¶p. N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] n- Sn¯w C¶-s¯-im-kv{XcwK]p-tcm-KXn¡pÅ XpS¡w Ipdn-¨-Xv. N-{I-¯nsâ I­p-] n-Sn-¯-t¯m-sS-bmbn-cp-¶p. ho--in-em-bp-K-¯n-se-Ir-jn-bpsS BhnÀ`m-h-¯n-tm-S-Sp-¯m-bn-cp-¶p. N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] n-Sn-¯w F¶p-thWw ]d-bm³. Pohn-X-co-Xn-bnse ]cn-hÀ¯§Ä Gsd-¡p-sd-{]-_-e-ambn I­Xpw C¡m-e-¯m-Wv. KXm-K-X-ku-I-c-y-§-fn D­mb DbÀ¨ Hcp-]-cn-[n-hsc N{I-¯ns B{i-bn-¨n-cn-¡ p-¶p. asämcp hkvXp asämcp Øe-t¯¡v sIm­p- t]m-Ip-¶-Xnv {]bm-k-ta-dn- b-t¸mÄ ssIh-­n- IÄ {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-¯n. BZ-y-Im-e¯v N{Iw ]m{X-ap-­m-¡ m³ klm-bn-¡p-¶p. Hcp-D-]-I-c-W-§Ä am{X-am-bn-cp- ¶p. km[§Ä Hcn-S¯v n¶v amäm³ N{I-§Ä-D-]-tbm-Kn-¨pÅ sNdnb h­n- IÄnÀ½n¨p. N{Xw Pe-tk-h--¯nv {]tbm-P--s¸-Sp-¯n.
  • 7.
    Ime-¯nv amäw h¶-t¸mĽpsS Pohn-X-co-Xnbpw ]cn-K-Wn-¨p. CX-p-k- cn¨v IqSp-X kuI-c-y-§Ä hÀ²n¨p. Ch-bn {][ms¸«-XmWv k©mc kuI-c-y- §Ä hÀZn-¨p. Ch-bn {][m--s¸-«-XmWv k©mc kuI-c-y-§Ä hml--§-fpsS I­p-] n-Sn¯w. ]ptcm-KXn {]m]n-¨-tXmsS N{I-§-fpsS BIr-Xn, hen¸w F¶n-h-bnepw amä-§Ä hcp-¯n. hml§fpsS k©m-c-ssZÀLyw Ap-k-cn¨v hen-¸-h-y-X-ymkw {Iao-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p. XpS-§nb XS-¡p-h]Icw dºÀ D]-tbm-Kn¨v nÀ½mWw XpS-§n. {]mNo ap-j-yÀ N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] n-Sn-¯-¯nv ap³t] Dcp-f³ XSn-I-fm-Wvkm-[--§Ä hln-¨p-sIm­v t]mbn-cp-¶-Xv. CXv C¶s¯ hr¯m-Ir-Xn-bn-epÅ N{I-nÀ½mW¯nv And-bp-­m-¡ n. Npcp-¡n-¸-d-ªm apj-y-Po-hn-X-¯nse ]cn-hÀ¯§Ä¡pw KXm-KX kuI-cy§-kpsS Bcw-`-¯nepw XpS¡w Ipdn-¨-Xn XoÀ¯pw {]m[m-yw AÀln-¡p-¶p.
  • 8.
    COCLUSION Irjn Bcw-`-t¯msS`t£-ymÂ]m-Z Pohn-Im-k-{¼-Zmbw `t£-ymÂ]m-Z Pohn- Im-k-{¼-Zmbw ap-j-y-Po-hn-Xs¯ amän adn-¨p. CXv -ho inem-bp-K- ¯nsâ Ccp-h-i-am-Wv. tX¨v aqÀ¨-Iq-«n-b-in-em-bp-K-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ XpS-§n-b-Im-e-¯n-mWv ho--in-em-bpKw F¶v ]d-bp-¶-Xv. IqSp-X Xmc-y-£-ahpw ^e-{]-Z-hp-amb D]-I-c-W-am-Wn-Xv.-tbm±m³ Zo-Xo-c- ¯pÅ PmÀtam sPdntbm F¶n-hn-S-§-fn n¶v Irjn-bp-sSbpw Imen-h-fÀ ¯ensâbpw sXfn-hp-IÄ In«n-bn-«p-­v. Irjnbpw Imen-h-fÀ¯epw ]c-kv]-c-t] m-j-I-§-fmsW¶v ap-j-y³ Is­- ¯n. Irjn-bp-sS Bcw-`-Im-en-h-fÀ¯Â, hmbv¯-e-aqÀ¨-Iq-än-b-B-bp-[-§Ä, ]cp-¡³ Ifn-a¬ ]m{X-§-fpsS nÀ½mWw. kmaql-yPohn-X-¯nsâ Bcw-`w. XpS-§nb ho--in-em-bp-K-¯nse {][m khn-ti-j- IÄ.
  • 9.
    REVIEW 1. ho--in-em-bpKwF¶m-se´v? 2. ho--in-em-bp-K-¯nsâ khn-ti-j-X-IÄ Fs´Ãmw? 3. ho--in-em-bp-K-¯nse ine-IÄ F´n-sÃmw D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp¶p? 4. Ifn-a¬]m-{X-§-fpsS nÀ½mWw GXv inem-bp-K-¯n ne-n-¶n-cp-¶-XmWv? 5. N{I-¯nsâ I­p-] n-Sn¯w ap-j-y-Po-hn-¯n Fs´Ãmw amä-§-fmWv D­m-¡ n-bXv? FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY hoin-em-bp-K-¯n D­m- bn-cp¶ ine-I-fpsS Nn{X-§Ä tiJ-cn¨v BÀ_w X¿m-dm-¡p-I?