Blowfish is a symmetric block cipher designed as a replacement for DES. It encrypts data in 64-bit blocks using a variable-length key. The algorithm uses substitution boxes and a complex key schedule to encrypt the data in multiple rounds. It is very fast, uses little memory, and is resistant to cryptanalysis due to its complex key schedule and substitution boxes.
4. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)Sam Bowne
A lecture for a college course -- CNIT 140: Cryptography for Computer Networks at City College San Francisco
Based on "Understanding Cryptography: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners" by Christof Paar, Jan Pelzl, and Bart Preneel, ISBN: 3642041000
Instructor: Sam Bowne
More info: https://samsclass.info/141/141_F17.shtml
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on ... Systems as a means to effectively improve security by combining simple operations such as .... Finally, the cipher should be easily cryptanalyzable, such that it can be ...
- Cryptography and Security
- Methods of Encryption and Decryption
- What is an Algorithm?
- Symmetric Algorithm
- Asymmetric Algorithm
- Hybrid Encryption
- Hashing Algorithm
- Securing the Algorithm or the Key
- Hash Value and Rainbow Table
- Digital Signature
- PKI
Domain: Information Security | Data Security
Topic: Comparative Analysis of Encryption Algorithms
Subtopic: Symmetric & Asymmetric Algorithms
Data security
attacks
Cryptography Encryption algorithms. ECC and Blowfish Blowfish AES
Comparison of Various Algo. on the basis of Diff. Parameters
Comparison of Algorithms on the Basis of Speed
Average Time of Encryption
References
Biography
Comparison of Algorithms on the Basis of Speed
4. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)Sam Bowne
A lecture for a college course -- CNIT 140: Cryptography for Computer Networks at City College San Francisco
Based on "Understanding Cryptography: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners" by Christof Paar, Jan Pelzl, and Bart Preneel, ISBN: 3642041000
Instructor: Sam Bowne
More info: https://samsclass.info/141/141_F17.shtml
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on ... Systems as a means to effectively improve security by combining simple operations such as .... Finally, the cipher should be easily cryptanalyzable, such that it can be ...
- Cryptography and Security
- Methods of Encryption and Decryption
- What is an Algorithm?
- Symmetric Algorithm
- Asymmetric Algorithm
- Hybrid Encryption
- Hashing Algorithm
- Securing the Algorithm or the Key
- Hash Value and Rainbow Table
- Digital Signature
- PKI
Domain: Information Security | Data Security
Topic: Comparative Analysis of Encryption Algorithms
Subtopic: Symmetric & Asymmetric Algorithms
Data security
attacks
Cryptography Encryption algorithms. ECC and Blowfish Blowfish AES
Comparison of Various Algo. on the basis of Diff. Parameters
Comparison of Algorithms on the Basis of Speed
Average Time of Encryption
References
Biography
Comparison of Algorithms on the Basis of Speed
Modern block ciphers are widely used to provide encryption of quantities of information, and/or a cryptographic checksum to ensure the contents have not been altered. We continue to use block ciphers because they are comparatively fast, and because we know a fair amount about how to design them.
Encrypted Negative Password using for Authenticationijtsrd
Password authentication is one of most likely used authentication techniques. Secure password storage is the most difficult process. In this paper, we propose a password confirmations structure that is intended for secure password storage and could be effectively coordinated into existing authentication systems. In this project, first we receive the plain text from the user then hashed through a cryptographic function. The next step, hashed password is converted into a negative password. Finally, the negative password is encrypted into an Encrypted Negative Password using encryption algorithm. Challenge–response authentication and multi factor authentication could be employed to further improve security. Priya K P | Dr. Lakshmi J. V. N "Encrypted Negative Password using for Authentication" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35711.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/35711/encrypted-negative-password-using-for-authentication/priya-k-p
Proposed Lightweight Block Cipher Algorithm for Securing Internet of ThingsSeddiq Q. Abd Al-Rahman
The presentation of paper is published in The 3rd International Conference on Computing, Communications, and Information Technology 24-25 April 2019, Organized by College of Computer Science and IT, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
Module 1: Introduction to Cryptography and Symmetric Key Ciphers
Computer Security Concepts - OSI Security Architecture -Security Attacks - Services, Mechanisms -
Symmetric Cipher Model - Traditional Block Cipher Structure - The Data Encryption Standard -The Strength of DES - Advanced Encryption Standard.
Training and Tips that are very helpful to gain knowledge in the field of information Security and passing your CISSP Certification Exam.
To be CISSP Certified Please Check out the link below:
http://asmed.com/cissp-isc2/
Attackers don’t just search for technology vulnerabilities, they take the easiest path and find the human vulnerabilities. Drive by web attacks, targeted spear phishing, and more are commonplace today with the goal of delivering custom malware. In a world where delivering custom advanced malware that handily evades signature and blacklisting approaches, and does not depend on application software vulnerabilities, how do we understand when are environments are compromised? What are the telltale signs that compromise activity has started, and how can we move to arrest a compromise in progress before the attacker laterally moves and reinforces their position? The penetration testing community knows these signs and artifacts of advanced malware presence, and it is up to us to help educate defenders on what to look for.
Comparative Analysis of Cryptographic Algorithms and Advanced Cryptographic A...editor1knowledgecuddle
Today is the era of Internet and networks applications. So,Information security is a challenging issue in today’s technological world. There is a demand for a stronger encryption which is very hard to crack. The role of Cryptography is most important in the field of network security. There is a broad range of cryptographic algorithms that are used for securing networks and presently continuous researches on the new cryptographic algorithms are going on for evolving more advanced techniques for secures
communication. In this study is made for the cryptography algorithms, particularly algorithms- AES, DES, RSA, Blowfishare compared and performance is evaluated. Also some enhanced algorithms are described and compared with the enhanced algorithms.
Keywords - AES, DES, BLOWFISH, Decryption, Encryption, Security
Information and network security 47 authentication applicationsVaibhav Khanna
Kerberos provides a centralized authentication server whose function is to authenticate users to servers and servers to users. In Kerberos Authentication server and database is used for client authentication. Kerberos runs as a third-party trusted server known as the Key Distribution Center (KDC).
Information and network security 46 digital signature algorithmVaibhav Khanna
The Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) is a Federal Information Processing Standard for digital signatures, based on the mathematical concept of modular exponentiation and the discrete logarithm problem. DSA is a variant of the Schnorr and ElGamal signature schemes
Information and network security 45 digital signature standardVaibhav Khanna
The Digital Signature Standard is a Federal Information Processing Standard specifying a suite of algorithms that can be used to generate digital signatures established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology in 1994
Information and network security 44 direct digital signaturesVaibhav Khanna
The Direct Digital Signature is only include two parties one to send message and other one to receive it. According to direct digital signature both parties trust each other and knows there public key. The message are prone to get corrupted and the sender can declines about the message sent by him any time
Information and network security 43 digital signaturesVaibhav Khanna
Digital signatures are the public-key primitives of message authentication. In the physical world, it is common to use handwritten signatures on handwritten or typed messages. ... Digital signature is a cryptographic value that is calculated from the data and a secret key known only by the signer
Information and network security 42 security of message authentication codeVaibhav Khanna
Message Authentication Requirements
Disclosure: Release of message contents to any person or process not possess- ing the appropriate cryptographic key.
Traffic analysis: Discovery of the pattern of traffic between parties. ...
Masquerade: Insertion of messages into the network from a fraudulent source
Information and network security 41 message authentication codeVaibhav Khanna
In cryptography, a message authentication code, sometimes known as a tag, is a short piece of information used to authenticate a message—in other words, to confirm that the message came from the stated sender and has not been changed.
Information and network security 40 sha3 secure hash algorithmVaibhav Khanna
SHA-3 is the latest member of the Secure Hash Algorithm family of standards, released by NIST on August 5, 2015. Although part of the same series of standards, SHA-3 is internally different from the MD5-like structure of SHA-1 and SHA-2
Information and network security 39 secure hash algorithmVaibhav Khanna
The Secure Hash Algorithms are a family of cryptographic hash functions published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard, including: SHA-0: A retronym applied to the original version of the 160-bit hash function published in 1993 under the name "SHA"
Information and network security 38 birthday attacks and security of hash fun...Vaibhav Khanna
Birthday attack can be used in communication abusage between two or more parties. ... The mathematics behind this problem led to a well-known cryptographic attack called the birthday attack, which uses this probabilistic model to reduce the complexity of cracking a hash function
Information and network security 35 the chinese remainder theoremVaibhav Khanna
In number theory, the Chinese remainder theorem states that if one knows the remainders of the Euclidean division of an integer n by several integers, then one can determine uniquely the remainder of the division of n by the product of these integers, under the condition that the divisors are pairwise coprime.
Information and network security 34 primalityVaibhav Khanna
A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime. Among other fields of mathematics, it is used for cryptography. Unlike integer factorization, primality tests do not generally give prime factors, only stating whether the input number is prime or not
Information and network security 33 rsa algorithmVaibhav Khanna
RSA algorithm is asymmetric cryptography algorithm. Asymmetric actually means that it works on two different keys i.e. Public Key and Private Key. As the name describes that the Public Key is given to everyone and Private key is kept private
Information and network security 32 principles of public key cryptosystemsVaibhav Khanna
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is an encryption scheme that uses two mathematically related, but not identical, keys - a public key and a private key. Unlike symmetric key algorithms that rely on one key to both encrypt and decrypt, each key performs a unique function.
Information and network security 31 public key cryptographyVaibhav Khanna
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is a cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys, and private keys. The generation of such key pairs depends on cryptographic algorithms which are based on mathematical problems termed one-way function
Information and network security 30 random numbersVaibhav Khanna
Random numbers are fundamental building blocks of cryptographic systems and as such, play a key role in each of these elements. Random numbers are used to inject unpredictable or non-deterministic data into cryptographic algorithms and protocols to make the resulting data streams unrepeatable and virtually unguessable
Information and network security 29 international data encryption algorithmVaibhav Khanna
International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) is a once-proprietary free and open block cipher that was once intended to replace Data Encryption Standard (DES). IDEA has been and is optionally available for use with Pretty Good Privacy (PGP). IDEA has been succeeded by the IDEA NXT algorithm
Information and network security 27 triple desVaibhav Khanna
Part of what Triple DES does is to protect against brute force attacks. The original DES symmetric encryption algorithm specified the use of 56-bit keys -- not enough, by 1999, to protect against practical brute force attacks. Triple DES specifies the use of three distinct DES keys, for a total key length of 168 bits
Information and network security 26 aes decryption and implementational issuesVaibhav Khanna
To review the overall structure of AES and to focus particularly on the four steps used in each round of AES: (1) byte substitution, (2) shift rows, (3) mix columns, and (4) add round key
Enhancing Project Management Efficiency_ Leveraging AI Tools like ChatGPT.pdfJay Das
With the advent of artificial intelligence or AI tools, project management processes are undergoing a transformative shift. By using tools like ChatGPT, and Bard organizations can empower their leaders and managers to plan, execute, and monitor projects more effectively.
How to Position Your Globus Data Portal for Success Ten Good PracticesGlobus
Science gateways allow science and engineering communities to access shared data, software, computing services, and instruments. Science gateways have gained a lot of traction in the last twenty years, as evidenced by projects such as the Science Gateways Community Institute (SGCI) and the Center of Excellence on Science Gateways (SGX3) in the US, The Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC) and its platforms in Australia, and the projects around Virtual Research Environments in Europe. A few mature frameworks have evolved with their different strengths and foci and have been taken up by a larger community such as the Globus Data Portal, Hubzero, Tapis, and Galaxy. However, even when gateways are built on successful frameworks, they continue to face the challenges of ongoing maintenance costs and how to meet the ever-expanding needs of the community they serve with enhanced features. It is not uncommon that gateways with compelling use cases are nonetheless unable to get past the prototype phase and become a full production service, or if they do, they don't survive more than a couple of years. While there is no guaranteed pathway to success, it seems likely that for any gateway there is a need for a strong community and/or solid funding streams to create and sustain its success. With over twenty years of examples to draw from, this presentation goes into detail for ten factors common to successful and enduring gateways that effectively serve as best practices for any new or developing gateway.
Globus Connect Server Deep Dive - GlobusWorld 2024Globus
We explore the Globus Connect Server (GCS) architecture and experiment with advanced configuration options and use cases. This content is targeted at system administrators who are familiar with GCS and currently operate—or are planning to operate—broader deployments at their institution.
Enterprise Resource Planning System includes various modules that reduce any business's workload. Additionally, it organizes the workflows, which drives towards enhancing productivity. Here are a detailed explanation of the ERP modules. Going through the points will help you understand how the software is changing the work dynamics.
To know more details here: https://blogs.nyggs.com/nyggs/enterprise-resource-planning-erp-system-modules/
Innovating Inference - Remote Triggering of Large Language Models on HPC Clus...Globus
Large Language Models (LLMs) are currently the center of attention in the tech world, particularly for their potential to advance research. In this presentation, we'll explore a straightforward and effective method for quickly initiating inference runs on supercomputers using the vLLM tool with Globus Compute, specifically on the Polaris system at ALCF. We'll begin by briefly discussing the popularity and applications of LLMs in various fields. Following this, we will introduce the vLLM tool, and explain how it integrates with Globus Compute to efficiently manage LLM operations on Polaris. Attendees will learn the practical aspects of setting up and remotely triggering LLMs from local machines, focusing on ease of use and efficiency. This talk is ideal for researchers and practitioners looking to leverage the power of LLMs in their work, offering a clear guide to harnessing supercomputing resources for quick and effective LLM inference.
In software engineering, the right architecture is essential for robust, scalable platforms. Wix has undergone a pivotal shift from event sourcing to a CRUD-based model for its microservices. This talk will chart the course of this pivotal journey.
Event sourcing, which records state changes as immutable events, provided robust auditing and "time travel" debugging for Wix Stores' microservices. Despite its benefits, the complexity it introduced in state management slowed development. Wix responded by adopting a simpler, unified CRUD model. This talk will explore the challenges of event sourcing and the advantages of Wix's new "CRUD on steroids" approach, which streamlines API integration and domain event management while preserving data integrity and system resilience.
Participants will gain valuable insights into Wix's strategies for ensuring atomicity in database updates and event production, as well as caching, materialization, and performance optimization techniques within a distributed system.
Join us to discover how Wix has mastered the art of balancing simplicity and extensibility, and learn how the re-adoption of the modest CRUD has turbocharged their development velocity, resilience, and scalability in a high-growth environment.
Prosigns: Transforming Business with Tailored Technology SolutionsProsigns
Unlocking Business Potential: Tailored Technology Solutions by Prosigns
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Custom Software Development: Prosigns specializes in creating bespoke software solutions that cater to your unique business needs. Our team of experts works closely with you to understand your requirements and deliver tailor-made software that enhances efficiency and drives growth.
Web and Mobile App Development: From responsive websites to intuitive mobile applications, Prosigns develops cutting-edge solutions that engage users and deliver seamless experiences across devices.
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Blockchain Integration: Prosigns offers comprehensive blockchain solutions, including development, integration, and consulting services, enabling businesses to leverage blockchain technology for enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency.
DevOps Services: Prosigns' DevOps services streamline development and operations processes, ensuring faster and more reliable software delivery through automation and continuous integration.
Microsoft Dynamics 365 Support: Prosigns provides comprehensive support and maintenance services for Microsoft Dynamics 365, ensuring your system is always up-to-date, secure, and running smoothly.
Learn how our collaborative approach and dedication to excellence help businesses achieve their goals and stay ahead in today's digital landscape. From concept to deployment, Prosigns is your trusted partner for transforming ideas into reality and unlocking the full potential of your business.
Join us on a journey of innovation and growth. Let's partner for success with Prosigns.
Experience our free, in-depth three-part Tendenci Platform Corporate Membership Management workshop series! In Session 1 on May 14th, 2024, we began with an Introduction and Setup, mastering the configuration of your Corporate Membership Module settings to establish membership types, applications, and more. Then, on May 16th, 2024, in Session 2, we focused on binding individual members to a Corporate Membership and Corporate Reps, teaching you how to add individual members and assign Corporate Representatives to manage dues, renewals, and associated members. Finally, on May 28th, 2024, in Session 3, we covered questions and concerns, addressing any queries or issues you may have.
For more Tendenci AMS events, check out www.tendenci.com/events
OpenFOAM solver for Helmholtz equation, helmholtzFoam / helmholtzBubbleFoamtakuyayamamoto1800
In this slide, we show the simulation example and the way to compile this solver.
In this solver, the Helmholtz equation can be solved by helmholtzFoam. Also, the Helmholtz equation with uniformly dispersed bubbles can be simulated by helmholtzBubbleFoam.
Developing Distributed High-performance Computing Capabilities of an Open Sci...Globus
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AI Pilot Review: The World’s First Virtual Assistant Marketing SuiteGoogle
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In 2015, I used to write extensions for Joomla, WordPress, phpBB3, etc and I ...Juraj Vysvader
In 2015, I used to write extensions for Joomla, WordPress, phpBB3, etc and I didn't get rich from it but it did have 63K downloads (powered possible tens of thousands of websites).
May Marketo Masterclass, London MUG May 22 2024.pdfAdele Miller
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This is a MUG with a twist you don't want to miss.
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Listen to the keynote address and hear about the latest developments from Rachana Ananthakrishnan and Ian Foster who review the updates to the Globus Platform and Service, and the relevance of Globus to the scientific community as an automation platform to accelerate scientific discovery.
Quarkus Hidden and Forbidden ExtensionsMax Andersen
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Come join this talk to see some tips and tricks for using Quarkus and some of the lesser known features, extensions and development techniques.
A Comprehensive Look at Generative AI in Retail App Testing.pdfkalichargn70th171
Traditional software testing methods are being challenged in retail, where customer expectations and technological advancements continually shape the landscape. Enter generative AI—a transformative subset of artificial intelligence technologies poised to revolutionize software testing.
A Comprehensive Look at Generative AI in Retail App Testing.pdf
Information and network security 28 blowfish
1. Information and Network Security:28
Blowfish
Prof Neeraj Bhargava
Vaibhav Khanna
Department of Computer Science
School of Engineering and Systems Sciences
Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University Ajmer
2. Blowfish
• a symmetric block cipher designed by Bruce Schneier in 1993/94
• characteristics
• fast implementation on 32-bit CPUs, 18 clock cycles per byte
• compact in use of memory, less than 5KB
• simple structure for analysis/implementation
• variable security by varying key size
• Allows tuning for speed/security tradeoff
3. • Blowfish is an algorithm which was developed by Bruce Schneier in 1993 to
replace DES.
• This symmetric cipher splits messages into blocks of 64 bits and encrypts
them individually.
• And later it was named as Blowfish Encryption Algorithm.
• Blowfish can be found in several software categories ranging from e-
commerce platforms for securing payments to password management
tools, where it is used to protect passwords.
• It is definitely one of the most flexible encryption methods available.
• It is known in the market for its tremendous speed and overall
effectiveness as it has never been defeated in the market.
4. Structure Of The Blowfish Encryption Algorithm
• A blowfish encryption algorithm is a symmetric block cipher as the same
key is used for both encryption and decryption.
• The key has to be kept a secret except for the sender and the receiver. This
image shows a high-level example of the process of symmetric encryption.
• A block cipher is basically a computer routine that takes any amount of
plain text and converts it into coded text, or cipher-text.
• It performs this routine in chunks of texts called blocks.
• And in order for the text to be decoded on the other side of the
transmission, the function must also generate a key to unlock the cipher-
text.
5. Blowfish Key Schedule
• uses a 32 to 448 bit key
• used to generate
• 18 32-bit subkeys stored in P-array: P1 to P18
• S-boxes stored in Si,j,
• i=1..4
• j=0..255
6.
7. Blowfish Encryption
• uses two primitives: addition & XOR
• data is divided into two 32-bit halves L0 & R0
for i = 1 to 16 do
Ri = Li-1 XOR Pi;
Li = F[Ri] XOR Ri-1;
L17 = R16 XOR P18;
R17 = L16 XOR i17;
• where
F[a,b,c,d] = ((S1,a + S2,b) XOR S3,c) + S4,a
Break 32-bit Ri into (a,b,c,d)
8. How Does Blowfish Algorithm Work?
• Blowfish uses a unique form of key generation.
• The second part of the Blowfish routine is a key expansion that
converts a single key of up to 448 bits into a table of subkeys i.e. 4168
bytes in size.
• The creation of subkeys further increases security, because a hacker
would have to crack more than just the original key.
10. How Does Blowfish Algorithm Work?
• 32 bits enter the algorithm.
• They’re split into four 8-bit boxes, transformed/encrypted, then put back
together. Blowfish runs through this routine sixteen times.
• It is, therefore, an incredibly fast cipher that has a relatively simpler
structure and is very effective.
• Blowfish generates a really large key and this itself is a huge benefit to
security.
• With the increase in the speed of computer processing, Blowfish is able to
create a much longer key.
• And due to this it is much more difficult to try to hack the key value.
11.
12. Discussion
• provided key is large enough, brute-force key search is not practical,
especially given the high key schedule cost
• key dependent S-boxes and subkeys make analysis very difficult
• Very few cryptoanalysis results on blowfish
• changing both halves in each round increases security
• Some study shows improved avalanche effects
13. The Practical Example of Blowfish Algorithm
• Let’s say an embedded system wants to establish a secure data
exchange session with a laptop, perhaps over a wireless medium.
• At the start of the session, both the embedded system and the laptop
compute a private Blowfish key and public and private RSA keys.
• The embedded system and laptop exchange the public RSA keys and
use them to encrypt and exchange their private Blowfish keys.
• The two machines then encrypt the remainder of their Blowfish
communications using Blowfish.
• When the communications session is over, all the keys are discarded.
14. Assignment
• Explain the Structure Of The Blowfish Encryption Algorithm
• How Does Blowfish Algorithm Work.