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Industry Standards and How They Impact Cable Assembly Designs
The document discusses industry standards and how they impact cable assembly designs. It defines various types of standards including materials-centric, product-centric, safety-centric, and customer-centric standards. It also discusses key standards organizations, different types of standards documents, and examples of performance and safety standards that are important for cable assemblies. The document aims to provide an overview of the many industry standards that must be considered in cable assembly design.
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Industry Standards and How They Impact Cable Assembly Designs
- 1. DELIVERING QUALITYSINCE 1952. Industry Standards & How They Impact Cable Assembly Designs 2.12.15
- 2. 2 Agenda Definitions Levelsof Standards To Be Concerned With – Materials-centric • Dimensional Standards • Construction Standards – Product-centric • Performance Standards – Safety-centric • Flammability Levels – Customer-centric • Exact Color Matches • Overmold Dimensions • Logo Matches Worldwide Standards Standards Examples
- 3. 3 Guiding Principle OfA Standard Standards Should: Show Relationship To Design For Manufacturability (DFM) And Design For The Environment (DFE) Minimize Time To Market Contain Simple (Simplified) Language Just Include Spec Information Focus On End Product Performance Include a Feedback System On Use And Problems For Future Improvement IPC/WHMA-A-620B Executive Committee 1995 Standards Should Not: Inhibit Innovation Increase Time-To-Market Keep People Out Increase Cycle Time Tell You How To Make Something Contain Anything That Cannot Be Defended With Data
- 4. 4 What Is A“Standard” Standard – “Something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison; an approved model; an accepted or approved example of something against which others are judged or measured”. Use Of A Standard Is Wholly Voluntary. A Standard Does Not Mandate That There Is Only One Way That A Product Or Procedure Can Be Engineered. “The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of them to choose from” 1 – Reference to the fact that competing standards become a source of confusion, division, obsolescence, and duplication of effort instead of an enhancement to the usefulness of products. 1 Andrew Tanenbaum
- 5. 5 What Is “Code” Code – “A systematic statement of a body of laws, especially one given statutory force; a system of principles or rules”. Most Recognized Electrical Engineering Code Of The United States Is The National Fire Protection Association’s NFPA 70 National Electric Code. – Generally Accepted As Nationally Accepted Consensus Code In Electrical Engineering. – Must Still Be Adopted By Individual Governing Bodies Mandating Its Acceptance And Use By Law To The Authority Having Jurisdiction. Use Of A Code May Be Voluntary Or Mandated By Law. Code Is A Living Document With Changes Made To Keep It Up To Date With Changes In Technology.
- 6. 6 What Are “RecommendedPractices” Recommended Practices – “Method or technique that has consistently shown results superior to those achieved with other means; can evolve to become better as improvements are discovered” Recommended Practices Are Electric Design And Installation Practices Which Have Been Generally Accepted In The Electrical Industry As Safe, Reliable, Effective, And Maintainable Recommended Practices Are Not Considered To Be A Fixed Rule, Code, Or Standard Anticipated That Sound Engineering Judgment Will Be Utilized When Implementing A Recommended Practice
- 7. 7 Materials-centric Standards Related ToCable Assemblies ASTM – American Society For Testing And Materials – Six Categories Of Standards • Standard Specification • Standard Test Method • Standard Practice • Standard Guide • Standard Classification • Technology Standard – B1 Standard For Hard Drawn Copper Wire – B2 Standard For Medium Hard Drawn Copper Wire – B3 Standard For Soft Or Annealed Copper Wire – B8 Standard For Concentric Lay Stranded Copper Conductors – B172 Standard For Rope Lay Copper Conductors – B787 Standard For 19 Wire Unilay Stranded Wire – B193 Test Method For Resistivity Of Electrical Conductor Materials – B258 Specification For Nominal Diameters Of Solid Round Wires
- 8. 8 Safety-centric Standards MajorityOf Safety Standards In North America Written By UL And CSA. Many Standards Harmonized Between UL And CSA. – Allows Coverage With One Document. Standards Enforced By Authority Having Jurisdiction. – Fire Marshall, Building Inspector, City Code Inspector, Building Owner Safety Tests Performed By Third-Party Laboratories – Accredited By OSHA Listed Products Recognized By Print Legend – Testing Lab Mark Plus LOGO Included • ETL, CSA, UL Cable Type UL Standard CSA Standard Harmonized Communications Cables ANSI/UL 444 CSA 22.2 No. 214 Yes Optical Fiber Cable ANSI/UL 1651 CSA 22.2 No. 232 No Flexible Cords And Cables ANSI/UL 62 CSA 22.2 No. 49 Yes
- 9. 9 Organizations Ensuring SafetyOf Products Used In North America ASTM – American Society For Testing And Materials IEEE – Institute Of Electrical And Electronics Engineers – NESC – National Electrical Safety Code ICEA – Insulated Cable Engineers Association IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission NEMA – National Electrical Manufacturers Association – EFC – Electro Federation of Canada CANENA – Council For Harmonization Of Electrotechnical Standardization Of North America ANSI – American National Standards Institute NFPA – National Fire Protection Association – NEC – National Electrical Code ANCE – Association Of Standardization And Certification IAEI – International Association of Electrical Inspectors
- 10. 10 Building Code Establishment November 28, 1942 - Fire At Cocoanut Grove Night Club, Boston – Fire Was Motivating Force Leading To Development And Enforcement Of Building Codes 492 People Died Due To Lack Of Working Exits There Were No Occupancy Limits Enforced Over 1,000 People Were In Building – 460 Was Supposed To Be Maximum Exits Were Bolted Shut Or Bricked Over Only One Operable Exit Door – Revolving Front Door
- 11. 11 Performance-centric Verification NotRequired By Authority Having Jurisdiction. – Does Not Affect Human Safety Intended To Provide End Users Confidence Product Performs As Expected Ensures Interoperability And Expected Performance Performance Standards Examples – ANSI/TIA-568-C.2 – ISO/IEC 11801 – EN 50173-1 – IEEE 802.3
- 12. 12 Standards Impacting Assembly Performance Electrical Characteristics Of Assemblies Must Meet Or Exceed Standards Set By Variety Of Organizations. – Includes TIA/EIA, ISO/IEC, IEEE, NEC, NFPA Assemblies Must Meet Safety Requirements Set By UL/CSA. – Based on Environment Performance May Need To Be Ensured By NRTL. – 15 Facilities Recognized By OSHA – Environmental – Safety – Electrical
- 13. 13 Customer-centric Standards CoverWide Range Of Issues – Jacket Color – Match Equipment Color – Logo – Specific Fonts, Colors, Designs – Over Mold Designs
- 14. 14 Standards Not AlwaysAdhered To Products Manufactured Outside North America Have Been Found To Be Out Of Compliance With Codes And Standards. – Do Not Meet Safety Requirements Set By North American Code And Standards Organizations – Safety Standards Maintained By UL – Codes & Standards Provide Framework For Electrical Products To Be Manufactured And Installed Safely – Provide Consistency And Protection For Manufacturers And Users – Standards Help Purchasers Select Most Appropriate Product For Their Needs – Electrical Codes And Standards Designed To Ensure The Manufacture And Installation Of Safe Products – Most Common Regulatory Approval Is UL Listing Mark – If Non-Compliant Products Are Used Contractors Expose Themselves To Liability For Product Failure And Resulting Safety Issues
- 15. 15 Worldwide Standards TrendTowards International Harmonization Of Codes, Standards, And Recommended Practices In Past United States Codes And Standards Readily Accepted Emergence Of European Union And Other Regional Trade Organizations – Many Emerging Economies Have Adopted ISO And IEC Standards Development Of Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices Often Necessitated Because Of Substantial Loss Of Life And Property Development Of Codes, Standards, Recommended Practices Can Be Done By Industry/Manufacturing Groups, Engineering Or Professional Societies Or Organizations, Or Government Agencies Worldwide
- 16. 16 TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) Develops Standards For Cabling Buildings Intent Is To Develop A Uniform Wiring Standard – Goal Is To Support Multivendor Products And Environments TIA Standards Widely Adopted And Considered The Global Standard For Data System Design Standards Developed To Create Guidelines – 568 Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standards – 569 Commercial Building Standard For Telecommunication Pathways And Spaces Improved Technology Requires Revisions To Standards – 10-Gigabit Ethernet Uses Larger Cable Requiring Increased Bend Radius Needs
- 17. 17 IEEE 802.3 CategoryCable Standard TIA/EIA-568-A Standard Used In Structured Cabling For Computer Networks (Cat-5, Cat-5e, Cat-6, Cat-7) – 10BASE-T – 100BASE-TX (Fast Ethernet) – 1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet) – 10GBASE-T (10-Gigabit Ethernet) Standard Details And Specifies: – Performance Characteristics – Assembly Test Requirements – Cable Types – Connector Types – Conductor Size – Cabling Topologies – Color Code For Termination – Maximum Length For Cable Segment Without Repeaters
- 18. 18 Medical Industry Standards Medical Devices Highly Precise And Sensitive – Materials Must Perform In Harsh Environments • Withstand Vibration, Liquids, Sterilization – More Constricting Than COTS Products Medical Industry Is Still A Tethered World Medical Assemblies Held To A Higher Standard – Electrical Performance – Patient Safety Friction Of Components Causes Triboelectric Noise Packaging And Medical Manufacturing Are Highly Regulated Assemblies Used In Surgical, Interventional, Imaging, Diagnostic & Therapeutic, Sensors, Single Use
- 19. 19 Medical Industry Standards ANSI/AAMI 53 Standard – Primary Purpose Was To Promote Patient Safety • Prevent Inadvertent Connection Of Patient Leads To Power Source – Defines Cable And Lead Wire Connections With No Exposed Contacts – Specifies That DIN 42-802 Be Followed • Specifies Pin & Socket Dimensions. • Specifies Electrical Contact Setback – Achieves “Touch-Proof” Connection • States Cleaning, Disinfection, Sterilization Requirements – Defines Minimum Performance For Critical Electrical Requirements • Triboelectric Noise – Developed To Address ECG Cables And Lead Wires – Commonly Used As A Base To Establish Performance Criteria For Other Medical Assembly Applications
- 20. 20 Medical Industry Standards 21 CFR 820.30 – Design Control For Product Development Of Medical Devices ISO 13485:2003 – ISO Standard Detailing Medical Device Quality Management System ISO 14971 – ISO Standard Detailing Requirements For Application Of Risk Management System For Medical Devices MDD 93/42/EEC – Harmonizes Laws Relating To Medical Devices Within European Union ISO 14698 – Standard Describing Principles And Basic Methodology to Control Bio- Contamination (Cleanroom Practices)
- 21. 21 InfiniBand Industry Specification Developed By The InfiniBand® Trade Association Computer Network Communications Link Most Commonly Used Interconnect In Supercomputers IBTA Compiles integrators List – Based On Structured Testing To IB Standards IBTA Currently Detailing Products By Throughput – SDR – 2 GBS – DDR – 4 GBS – QDR – 8 GBS – FDR-10 – 10 GBS FDR – 14 GBS – EDR – 25 GBS
- 22. 22 ODVA DeviceNet Technology ODVA (Open DeviceNet Vendors Association) – Global Trade & Standard Development Organization DeviceNet – Trunk And Drop Cables For Industrial Networking – Communication Network Between Industrial Controllers And I/O Devices Products Certified To Conform – Electrical Performance – Flex Testing – Abrasion And Chemical Resistance – Performance Supported By Over 700 Vendors Worldwide
- 23. 23 Dealing With TheGovernment Standards/Regulations Galore EAR And ITAR – Export Administration Regulations – International Traffic In Arms Regulation United States Military Standards – a.k.a. Defense Standard, Military Standard, MIL-STD, MIL-SPEC Achieves Standardization. Details Materials And Processes To Use Describes The Physical And Operational Characteristics – Interoperability – Compliance – Compatibility
- 24. 24 Conclusion By ReferencingStandards Which May Be Either A Test Method Or A Physical Or Electrical Description, The Task Of Obtaining A Cable Having The Desired Properties Is Simplified Dealing With A Vendor Familiar With The Various Standards/Directives Ensures Compliance Many Standards That Need To Be Reviewed/Complied With Standards Are Constantly Changing
- 25. 25 Our Products Battery PacksFlex & Rigid-Flex PCB’s User Interfaces Fans & Motors Cable Assemblies Printed Circuit Boards
- 26. 26 Design Centers &Technical Support Battery Pack & Power Management – Denver, CO User Interfaces & Cable Assemblies – Largo, FL Fans & Motors – Wales, UK & New Bedford, MA PCB’s – New Bedford, MA & Shenzhen, China Flex & Rigid Flex – Toronto, Canada Cable Assemblies – New Bedford, MA & Largo, FL Our Engineering and Design teams are ready to help our customers create world class and cost effective product solutions.
- 27. 27 Q&A Questions? – Enterany questions you may have in the Control Panel. – If we don’t have time to get to it, we will reply via email.
- 28. 28 Thank You Check outour previous webinars at www.epectec.com. For more information email sales@epectec.com. Stay Connected with Epec Engineered Technologies Follow us on our social media sites for continuous technical updates and information: