The breakup of the Soviet Union, the largest country in size, in 1991 was one of the top five news of the 20th century
Caused by multiple reasons, it resulted in multi-dimensional consequences, short term as well as long term
Some of the consequences we are still witnessing even in the 21st century, some may be witnessed by the coming generations
This presentation is an attempt to analyse the causes of this momentous event and assess its far-reaching consequences
The breakup of the Soviet Union, the largest country in size, in 1991 was one of the top five news of the 20th century
Caused by multiple reasons, it resulted in multi-dimensional consequences, short term as well as long term
Some of the consequences we are still witnessing even in the 21st century, some may be witnessed by the coming generations
This presentation is an attempt to analyse the causes of this momentous event and assess its far-reaching consequences
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
twitter.com/ultraspectra
youtube.com/user/ultraspecra
Non Aligned Movement was an effort by newly decolonized countries majorly of Asia and Africa. The 5 Founding members of NAM are India, Indonesia, Yugoslavia, Egypt and Ghana.
This presentation takes the perspective of Europe, Asia, Africa and India on NAM.
Gives brief idea regarding the back history of China, Progress of China as a Economic power in the world and its effects to World, Asia and Nepal as a whole.
This was one of my most recent powerpoint presentation. I worked in a small group with 2 other partners. The presentation lasted 1 hour followed by a group discussion.
India's attempt for permanent member of the un security councilCol Mukteshwar Prasad
A number of nations have made cases to become permanent members. Japan and Germany were losing powers after World War II, but are now two of the largest economies in the world, and the two largest financial contributors to the UN after the United States. Germany has a powerful position in the EU, and Japan has the support of much of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands in its bid, through lobbying via financial aid.
However, India probably has the strongest case for becoming a permanent member:
• It's the world's largest democracy with a population that will eventually eclipse that of China.
• It's part of an otherwise underrepresented region, with large unrepresented religions (Hinduism and Islam).
• It's a large financial contributor, and a major contributor of UN Peacekeeping troops.
• It frequently serves as a non-permanent (rotational) member, and usually wins the votes of almost all member states in its bids for non-permanent positions.
• It has the backing of some major players (France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States--or President Obama, anyway), a number of European, Asian, and Latin American nations, and the African Union.
• It's relatively trusted by the Muslim states, and the Security Council could probably use someone other than China that can negotiate in the Middle East.
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
twitter.com/ultraspectra
youtube.com/user/ultraspecra
Non Aligned Movement was an effort by newly decolonized countries majorly of Asia and Africa. The 5 Founding members of NAM are India, Indonesia, Yugoslavia, Egypt and Ghana.
This presentation takes the perspective of Europe, Asia, Africa and India on NAM.
Gives brief idea regarding the back history of China, Progress of China as a Economic power in the world and its effects to World, Asia and Nepal as a whole.
This was one of my most recent powerpoint presentation. I worked in a small group with 2 other partners. The presentation lasted 1 hour followed by a group discussion.
India's attempt for permanent member of the un security councilCol Mukteshwar Prasad
A number of nations have made cases to become permanent members. Japan and Germany were losing powers after World War II, but are now two of the largest economies in the world, and the two largest financial contributors to the UN after the United States. Germany has a powerful position in the EU, and Japan has the support of much of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands in its bid, through lobbying via financial aid.
However, India probably has the strongest case for becoming a permanent member:
• It's the world's largest democracy with a population that will eventually eclipse that of China.
• It's part of an otherwise underrepresented region, with large unrepresented religions (Hinduism and Islam).
• It's a large financial contributor, and a major contributor of UN Peacekeeping troops.
• It frequently serves as a non-permanent (rotational) member, and usually wins the votes of almost all member states in its bids for non-permanent positions.
• It has the backing of some major players (France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States--or President Obama, anyway), a number of European, Asian, and Latin American nations, and the African Union.
• It's relatively trusted by the Muslim states, and the Security Council could probably use someone other than China that can negotiate in the Middle East.
Objectives of the presentation
•To briefly discuss peacekeeping as a tool of the international community in conflict situations
•Its evolution in concept, practice and context - from traditional peacekeeping to peace support operations
•To discuss how inadequacies in peacekeeping triggered the development of the concept of peacebuilding
•Highlight some of notable dilemmas that international peacebuilding effort encounter in the face of continued humanitarian crisis & political uncertainty in conflict ravaged societies
PRESENTED AT THE SACCPS CONFERENCE
HELD IN LUSAKA, ZAMBIA FROM 21 – 23 SEPTEMBER 2012.
Francis Kabosha, Copperbelt University, Zambia
Crisis Communication Plan - Earthquake (Hypothetical)Soumitra Roy
A presentation on a crisis communication plan for a hypothetical earthquake in Himachal Pradesh by Advertising and Public Relations students of Indian Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi.
The presentation talks about various possible measures to be taken during a crisis in order to avoid a negative public image.
UN Peace Keeping Mission Case study of South.pptxAyatullahNemati1
This presentation is on the topic of un peace operation in the south sudan to prevent from the civil war and maitanance of peace and security in this county.
Pakistan and UN : Media & Current Affairs : Student CollaborationAli Haider Saeed
An illustration of student-teacher collaborative discussion model in the subject of Media & Current Affairs during the Fall session 2020, Students engaged in the discussion on Pakistan and UN
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Leaders are often faced with ethical conundrums(a confusing and difficult problem or question). So how can they determine when they’re inching toward dangerous territory? There are three main psychological dynamics that lead to crossing moral lines.
There’s omnipotence: when someone feels so aggrandized and entitled that they believe the rules of decent behavior don’t apply to them.
Consider cultural numbness: when others play along and gradually begin to accept and embody deviant norms.
Finally, when people don’t speak up because they are thinking of more immediate rewards, we see justified neglect.
Generally most people mean well, but simply execute their job poorly sometimes and sometimes, there are BAD bosses. We must learn “to Work "on Bad Boss
According to dictionary.com, “to work” something or someone is to put them into effective operation, to operate that thing or person for productive purposes.
Put your Bad Boss into effective operation to get whatever you want in your job or career by learning your boss’s secret desire and secret fear
Two biggest issues of Bad Boss are:
They can negatively impact our work performance.
They can make life miserable
We often hear “being difficult.” about Bad Boss. It’s hard to know exactly where the difficulty lie. All we know is it is difficult to work successfully with this person.
An incompetent person is someone who is
Functionally inadequate or
Insufficient in Knowledge, Skills, Judgment, or Strength
Mindset is a mental attitude that determines how we interpret and respond to situations.
Dweck has found that it is your mindset that plays a significant role in determining achievement and success.
A mindset refers to whether you believe qualities such as intelligence and talent are fixed or changeable traits.
People with a fixed mindset believe that these qualities are inborn, fixed, and unchangeable.
Those with a growth mindset, on the other hand, believe that these abilities can be developed and strengthened by way of commitment and hard work.
Story of Katalin Karikó, a researcher who won the Nobel prize for medicine for her work on modifying the RNA molecule to avoid triggering a harmful immune response is a classical example of mindset.
Yet, her life was full of rejection and doubt.
Her achievement had much to do with her mindset.
A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed by evidence.
A theory presents a concept or idea that is testable.
In science, a theory is not merely a guess.
A theory is a fact-based framework for describing a phenomenon.
In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Hence study of Psychology theory is essential for SSB and all types of Interviewas it helps us to understand our own developmental psychology.k
Personality theorists should study normal individuals
All behavior is interactive
The person must be studied in terms of interactions with their environment
The brain is the locus of personality
There is a biological basis to personality
Definition of Personality
1- Personality is an abstraction formulated by a theorist.
2- It refers to series of events that ideally span over life time from childhood to adulthood
3-It reflects novel, unique, recurrent and enduring patterns of behaviours – his education and training .
4- Personality is located in brain- imagination, perception
5.Personality comprises the person’s central organizing and governing processes, whose function is to
Resolve conflicts,
Satisfy needs, and
Plan for future goals.
” Emotions are complex psychological states involving three distinct components: a subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral or expressive response”
"Discovering Psychology," by Don Hockenbury and Sandra E. Hockenbury
In 1972, psychologist Paul Ekman suggested that there are six basic emotions that are universal throughout human cultures: fear, disgust, anger, surprise, joy, and sadness.
In the 1980s, Robert Plutchik introduced another emotion classification system known as the wheel of emotions. This model demonstrated how different emotions can be combined or mixed together, much like the way an artist mixes primary colors to create other colors.
Plutchik proposed eight primary emotional dimensions: joy vs. sadness, anger vs. fear, trust vs. disgust, and surprise vs. anticipation.
These emotions can then be combined to create others, such as happiness + anticipation = excitement.
In 1999, Ekman expanded his list to include a number of other basic emotions, including embarrassment, excitement, contempt, shame, pride, satisfaction, and amusement
Anger is an intense emotion you feel when
Something has gone wrong or
Someone has wronged you.
It is typically characterized by feelings of
Stress,
Frustration, and
Irritation.
Anger is a perfectly normal response to frustrating or difficult situations.
Anger only becomes a problem when
It’s excessively displayed and
Begins to affect your daily functioning and the way you relate with people.
Anger can range in intensity, from a slight annoyance to rage.
It can sometimes be excessive or irrational.
In these cases, it can be hard to keep the emotion in check and could cause you to behave in ways you wouldn’t otherwise behave.
Cognitive distortions are
Negative or irrational patterns of thinking.
Simply ways that Impostor Syndrome convinces us to believe things that aren’t really true.
Inaccurate thought patterns that
Reinforce our negative self perception and
Keep us feeling bad about ourselves
These negative thought patterns can play a role in
Diminishing our motivation,
Lowering our self-esteem
Contributing to problems like
Anxiety,
Depression, and
Substance use.
Trauma Bonding is the attachment an abused person feels for their abuser, specifically in a relationship with a cyclical pattern of abuse.
Is created due to a cycle of abuse and positive reinforcement
After each circumstance of abuse, the abuser professes love, regret, and trying to make the relationship feel safe and needed for the abused person.
Hence Abused
Finds leaving an abusive situation confusing and overwhelming
Involves positive and/or loving feelings for an abuser
Also feel attached to and dependent on their abuser.
Emotional abuse involves controlling another person by using emotions to Criticize , Embarrass ,Shame ,Blame or
Manipulate .
To be abusive there must be a consistent pattern of abusive words and bullying behaviours that Wear down a person’s Self-esteem and Undermine Their mental health.
Most common in married relationships,
Mental or emotional abuse can occur in any relationship—including among
Friends
Family members and
Co-workers
Attachment-related patterns that differ between individuals are commonly called "attachment styles."
There seems to be an association between a person’s attachment characteristics early in life and in adulthood, but the correlations are far from perfect.
Many adults feel secure in their relationships and comfortable depending on others (echoing “secure” attachment in children).
Others tend to feel anxious about their connection with close others—or prefer to avoid getting close to them in the first place (echoing “insecure” attachment in children).
Borderline personality disorder, characterized by a longing for intimacy and a hypersensitivity to rejection, have shown a high prevalence and severity of insecure attachment.
Attachment styles in adulthood (similar to attachment patterns in children):
Secure
Anxious-preoccupied (high anxiety, low avoidance)
Dismissing-avoidant (low anxiety, high avoidance)
Fearful-avoidant (high anxiety, high avoidance)
Conduct disorder is an ongoing pattern of behaviour marked by emotional and behavioural problems.
Ways in which Children with conduct disorder behave are
Angry,
Aggressive,
Argumentative, and
Disruptive ways.
It is a diagnosable mental health condition that is characterized by patterns of violating
Societal norms and
Rights of others
It's estimated that around 3% of school-aged children have conduct disorder and require professional treatment .
It is more common in boys than in girls.
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a psychiatric disorder that typically emerges in childhood, between ages 6 and 8, and can last throughout adulthood.
ODD is more than just normal childhood tantrums
Frequency and severity of ODD causes difficulty at home and at school.
Children with ODD also struggle with learning problems related to their behavior.
Two types of oppositional defiant disorder:
Childhood-onset ODD:
Present from an early age
Requires early intervention and treatment to prevent it from progressing into a more serious conduct disorder
Adolescent-onset ODD:
Begins suddenly in the middle- and high-school years, causing conflict at home and in school
There have been at least 13 different types of intelligence that have been identified so far.
These different ways of being smart can help people perform in different areas from their personal life, business, to sports and relationships.
Attachment is an emotional bond with another person. John Bowlby described attachment as a "lasting psychological connectedness between human beings.“
Earliest bonds formed by children (with caregivers) have a tremendous impact that continues throughout life and Attachment so developed
Serves to keep the infant close to the mother, thus improving the child's chances of survival.
Are innate drive Children are born with and is a product of evolutionary processes
Emerges and are regulated through the process of natural selection,
Are characterized by clear behavioural and motivation patterns.
Nurturance and responsiveness were the primary determinants of attachment.
Children who maintained proximity to an attachment figure were more likely to
Receive comfort and protection, and
More likely to survive to adulthood.
e-RUPI is a person and purpose-specific cashless e-voucher designed to guarantee
that the stored money value reaches its intended beneficiary and can only be used for
the specific benefit or purpose for which it was intended. The idea is to create a minimal
logistics, leak-proof delivery mechanism for a wide range of government Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT) programs across the country. The digital e-voucher platform can also
be used by organizations who wish to support welfare services through e-RUPI instead
of cash
The term ‘Moonlighting’ became popular in America when people started working a second job in addition to their regular 9-to-5 jobs. Since the rise of the work-from-home concept during the pandemic, employees got free time after work hours. While some took up their hobby in their free time, others started searching for part-time jobs. Especially in the IT industry, employees took up two jobs simultaneously and took advantage of the remote working model. This concept of working for two companies/organisations is referred to as moonlighting.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
India and un peace keeping Operations: SSB 50
1. AN INITIATIVE OF SHIVNANDANI INDUSTRIES PVT LTD AND JAGDAMB JANAKI NAWAL JANAKI
SOCIETY
India and United Nations Peace Keeping Forces
CompiledbyCol Mukteshwar Prasad(Retd), MTech,CE(I),FIE(I),FIETE,FISLE,FInstOD,AMCSI
Contact -9007224278, e-mail –muktesh_prasad@yahoo.co.in
for book ”DecodingServicesSelectionBoard” and SSB guidance and training at Shivnandani Edu and
Defence Academy
6/7/2015
2. India and United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
By Lt Gen Satish Nambiar (Retd)
As one of the founding members of the UN, India’s contribution to the maintenance of
international peace and security has been second to none. In no other field of activity has this
been manifested more than in UN operations commencing with our participation in the
operations in Korea in 1950. The operation in Korea, led by the USA, was a major military
undertaking. India participated militarily with a medical unit and later provided a Custodian
Force for the Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission. India also contributed significantly to
the Indo-China Supervisory Commission deployed in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam from 1954
to 1970.
The use of armed military contingents was first authorised by the Security Council for
deployment with the UN Emergency Force (UNEF 1) in the Gaza Strip and the Sinai after the
Arab-Israeli war in 1956. From 15 November 1956 to 19 May 1967, eleven infantry battalions
from India successively served with this force. The success of UNEF-1 led the Security Council
to readily accept a request by the Congo in 1960 for intervention on attaining independence from
Belgium. The UN accepted responsibility for ending secession and re-unifying the country. The
rules of engagement were modified to cater for use of force in defence of the mandate, in
carrying out humanitarian tasks, and in countering mercenaries. India’s contribution to this
operation (ONUC) was not only substantial, but most vital. Between 14 July 1960 and 30 June
1964, two successive Indian brigades participated. 36 Indian personnel lost their lives in the
operation, and 124 were wounded.
{The operations in Cyprus, launched in 1964, saw three Indian force commanders; Lieutenant
General PS Gyani, General KS Thimayya, who died in harness on 18 December 1965, and
Major General Diwan Prem Chand. Major General (later Lieutenant General) Prem Chand also
distinguished himself as the force commander in the operations in Namibia in 1989, which
oversaw that country’s transition to independence.}
With the increased commitment in peacekeeping assumed by the UN in the post Cold War era,
India continued to provide commanders, armed military contingents, military observers, and staff
officers, as also Indian Air Force attack and utility helicopters, to many of the UN missions
deployed to keep the peace in various parts of the world. In Iran and Iraq in 1988/90 after the
bloody conflict in the region; on the Iraqi-Kuwait border after the Gulf War in 1991; Angola in
1989/91, and again in 1995/99; Central America in 1990/92; El Salvador in 1991; Liberia in
1993; Rwanda in 1994/96; Sierra Leone in 1998/2001; Lebanon from 1998 to date; Ethiopia-
Eritrea in 2001/2009; the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1999 to date; Cote d’Ivoire
from 2003 to date, Burundi in 2003/2006; Sudan/South Sudan from 2005 to date, and the Golan
Heights from 2006 to date. India has also provided police personnel to a number of United
Nations missions. As in Namibia, Western Sahara, Cambodia, Haiti, Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Kosovo, Sierra Leone, Congo, Liberia (where it has created history by providing all-women
formed police units that has drawn acclaim locally as well as internationally) and in Sudan/South
Sudan. In so far as the former Yugoslavia was concerned, the Government of India had, at the
request of the then UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali, deputed the author as the first
3. Force Commander and Head of Mission, in which capacity I set up the operation (UNPROFOR)
that comprised uniformed personnel from 36 countries, together with civil affairs and
administrative personnel from many more (a total of over 28,000), and ran it from 03 March
1992 to 02 March 1993.
The current deployment of 7864 personnel as on 31 October 2013 reflects the commitment of
troops, military observers and staff officers and civilian police from India in nine of the 15
current UN operations. (Which includes 4038 personnel with MONUSCO in the Congo, 2030
personnel with UNMISS in Southern Sudan, 895 military personnel with UNIFIL in Lebanon;
and a contingent of 193 personnel with UNDOF in the Golan Heights. In addition, military
observers and/or civilian police personnel are deployed with UNFICYP in Cyprus, UNOCI in
Cote d’Ivoire, and MINUSTAH in Haiti).
India has provided eleven force commanders and five deputy commanders to date, and three
military advisers at the Department of Peacekeeping Operations including the first one Major
General I J Rikhye; later Lt Gen RS Mehta, and most recently, Lt Gen Guha. The country has
also provided two Police Advisers at the UN HQ in Mr RS Rathore and Mrs Kiran Bedi.
India’s spontaneous and unreserved participation in UN peacekeeping operations over the years
has been a clear demonstration of the country’s commitment to the objectives set out in the UN
Charter. Not in terms of rhetoric and symbolism, but in real and practical terms, even to the
extent of accepting casualties to personnel (about 150 fatalities to date). This commitment has
been acknowledged by the international community, successive Secretaries General and the
United Nations Secretariat. But even more significantly, the effectiveness of such participation
and commitment to United Nations peacekeeping efforts has drawn respect and praise from
fellow professionals of other countries and many others that have served jointly with our
commanders, observers, police monitors and contingents, in various parts of the world. Hence,
the image of the Indian forces in the international arena is that of highly competent and well-
trained professionals.
In preparing ourselves for continued participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations, it
would be appropriate to take stock of the changes that have taken place in the environment in
which such operations are being increasingly mounted in recent years, and the manner in which
they are being executed and take into account the radical changes in the nature of the
peacekeeping commitment. UN peacekeepers are increasingly being sent to regions where civil-
war type situations prevail; where there are no agreements, or if there are, these are rather
tenuous, or broken without compunction; where the consent or cooperation of the belligerent
parties cannot be relied upon; where constitutional authority does not exist in many cases, or if it
does, has limited authority. In such situations, today’s peacekeepers are not only required to keep
the warring parties apart to the extent they can, but are increasingly called upon to safeguard
humanitarian relief operations, monitor human rights violations, assist in mine clearance,
monitor state boundaries or borders, provide civilian police support, assist in rebuilding logistics
infra-structure like roads, railways, bridges, and to support electoral processes. In much of this
the Indian Armed Forces have practical experience based on the conduct of counter insurgency
operations in some parts of our own country and thus have a marked advantage over most other
forces from other parts of the world. This was more than amply demonstrated by the
4. performance of our contingents in Cambodia, Somalia, Mozambique, Angola, Rwanda and
Sierra Leone. And continues to be demonstrated by the contingents deployed in the Congo,
South Sudan, and in Lebanon.
It was therefore most appropriate that in order to exploit our expertise and experience in this
arena, a Centre for United Nations Peacekeeping was set up in September 2000 under the aegis
of the United Service Institution of India in New Delhi, with the support of the Ministry of
External Affairs of the Government of India. This Centre besides overseeing the training of
contingents earmarked for peacekeeping operations, has undertaken conduct of training courses
for our sub-unit commanders, military observers, officers earmarked for deputation on staff
appointments, and police personnel. These courses, now formally endorsed by the Department of
Peacekeeping Operations at UN HQ, are also being attended by officers from a number of
friendly foreign countries. In addition, the Centre conducts national and international seminars
and conferences on the subject of peacekeeping. As it matures, the Centre will also be a
repository of our experiences in United Nations peacekeeping.