The document discusses the evolving partnership between Russia and China over the past few decades. It notes that relations have strengthened significantly since the 1990s, with the two countries establishing a strategic partnership in 1996. Key aspects of their cooperation examined include growing military exercises and arms sales between the two militaries, increasing trade volumes but a need for trade to be more balanced, cooperation on energy issues including Russian energy exports to China, and alignment on opposing US unilateralism and supporting multilateralism geopolitically. The relationship demonstrates close political, economic and military ties that are expected to deepen further.

1. The Russia-China Partnership & Foreign Policy

2. Introduction
Relations between China and Russia have evolved dramatically
since their first diplomatic contact, particularly during the
twentieth century. During the past decade China and Russia have
made efforts to strengthen bilateral ties and improve cooperation
on a number of diplomatic fronts. The People’s Republic of
China and the Russian Federation maintain exceptionally close
and friendly relations, strong geopolitical and regional
cooperation, and significant levels of trade. In The Future of
China-Russia Relations, scholars from around the world explore
the current state of the relationship between the two powers and
assess the prospects for future cooperation and possible tensions
in the new century. The contributors examine Russian and
Chinese perspectives on a wide range of issues, including
security, political relationships, economic interactions, and
defense ties

3.  PAST 20 YEARS – DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA-CHINA
PARTNERSHIP
 One of the most important legacies of the Gorbachev era
 1989: Normalization of USSR-China relationship
 1992: Upgrading the relationship in Beijing
 1996: Concept of Strategic Partnership announced in Shanghai
 1999: first joint naval exercises
 2001: Treaty for Good Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation,
signed in Moscow
 1995-2007: Full settlement of the border issues
 Economic and military cooperation
 Same positions on most international issues, joint diplomatic
initiatives, growing coordination of foreign policies
History

4. Military Cooperation

5. Military Cooperation
For many years, the extent of their military
relationship was focused exclusively on arms
sales, but in 2005 they began holding annual
military exercises.
Equally important is the expansion of Russia-
China military-industrial ties. China is already
one of Russia's biggest partners in the arms trade,
accounting for over $1 billion annually.

6.  China and Russia in the fields of joint military exercise and
training, military technology as well as anti-terrorism.
 Under the concerns and support of the leaders of China and
Russia, the two militaries have achieved fruitful results and
highlights pragmatic cooperation in the various fields.
 the Chinese and Russian militaries will jointly participate in the
"Peace Mission 2014" joint anti-terrorism exercise held by the
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

7. Trade and investment
 Russia to China: Energy resources, raw materials, arms,
 technology transfers
 China to Russia: Consumer goods
 Quality of trade remains unsatisfactory
 Investment goal: $12 bln. by 2020
 Trade remains a major link between US and China
 Russia’s interest in technological development – China’s
offers, money, joint ventures

8. The volume of Sino-Russian trade is 2 percent of China's
total foreign trade, or 1/10th the amount of China's trade
with the United States, 1/9th of that with Japan, 1/8th of that
with the European Union, and 1/6th of that with South
Korea. Putin has sought to promote sales of Russian
industrial goods, but China is not much interested in
anything except commodities and arms.

9. Economic Policy
Economic cooperation between Russia and China
especially in terms of bilateral trade, has grown rapidly.
In 2009.
The main feature of economic cooperation between these
two countries is trade. a became the top trade partner of
Russia.
Increased energy cooperation between the two countries is
the result of the Russian and Chinese’s economies
complementing each other.

10.  The Russian government approved the “Russian
Energy Strategy up to 2030” in November 2009.
 Russia will continue to be one of the world’s most
important energy exporters up to 2030.

11. Geopolitics
 Global level
 Opposition to US hegemony and unilateral use of force
 Support of multilateralism
 Economic cooperation with all
 Opposition to new arms races
 Regional level
 Demarcation of the borders
 Stability in Asia

12. Referances
 http://thediplomat.com/2015/05/at-russias-military-
parade-putin-and-xi-cement-ties/
 http://defence.pk/threads/a-very-brief-history-of-
chinese-russian-relations.338100/
 http://www.probdes.iiec.unam.mx/en/revistas/v45n17
6/body/v45n176a2_1.php
 http://www.slideshare.net/LesterLim2/the-russia-
china-partnership