The document outlines a project that focuses on recovering waste heat from internal combustion engines to generate electrical power using a thermoelectric generator (TEG). It discusses the methods, objectives, and scope of improving energy efficiency in automobiles by converting exhaust heat into usable energy, thus promoting sustainability in the automotive industry. The successful implementation of the proposed system demonstrates its potential to enhance power generation capacity while minimizing environmental impact.

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SYNOPSIS
ON
ENERGY GENERATION USING EXHAUST THEN COOLING
Submitted by
1. ITNESH KUMAR ( 1403340095 )
2. ANURAG SINGH ( 1403340045 )
3. DIPENDRA KUMAR VERMA ( 1403340073 )
4. DEVANSH SINGH ( 1403340067 )
Underthe Guidanceof
MR.VIVEK GUPTA
Department of mechanical engineering
RAJ KUMAR GOEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GHAZIABAD
DR. A.P.J.ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
(2017-2018)

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CONTENTS
Page no.
Abstract 3
I. Literature review 3
II. Why the problem is chosen 5
III. Objective and scope of project 6
IV. Methodology 6
V. Summary 8
VI. Reference 8
Signature of Guide: Signature of coordinator:

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ABSTRACT
A number of irreversible processes in the engine limit its capability to achieve a highly
balanced efficiency. The rapid expansion of gases inside the cylinder produces high
temperature differences, turbulent fluid motions and large heat transfers from the fluid to
the piston crown and cylinder walls. These rapid successions of events happening in the
cylinder create expanding exhaust gases with pressures that exceed the atmospheric level,
and they must be released while the gases are still expanding to prepare the cylinder for the
following processes. By doing so, the heated gases produced from the combustion process
can be easily channeled through the exhaust valve and manifold. The large amount of energy
from the stream of exhausted gases could potentially be used for waste heat energy recovery
to generate power. Various methods to harness the waste heat to produce power effectively
had ended up in vain. This project implements a thermoelectric waste heat energy recovery
system for internal combustion engine automobiles, including gasoline vehicles and hybrid
electric vehicles.The key is to directly convert the surface heat energy from automotive waste
heat to electrical energy using a thermoelectric generator (TEG), which is then regulated by a
DC-DC Cuk converter to charge a battery using maximum power point tracking. Hence, the
electrical power stored in the battery can be maximized. The experimental results
demonstrate that the proposed systemcan work well under different working conditions, and
is promising for automobile industry.
I. LITERATURE REVIEW
Even a highly efficient combustion engine converts only about one-third of the energy in the
fuel into mechanical power serving to actually drive the automobile. The rest is lost through
heat discharged into the surroundings or, quite simply, leaves the vehicle as “waste heat”.
Clearly,this offers agreat potential for the further reduction of CO2 emissions which the BMW
Group’s engineers are seeking to use through new concepts and solutions.
The current research is focusing on a technology, which is able to convert the thermal energy
contained in the exhaust gas directly into electricpower. Taguchi [1] invented an exhaust gas-
based thermoelectric power generator for an automobile application. In this invention, the
exhaust gas gases in the pipe provide the heat source to the thermoelectric power generator,
whereas the heat sink (cold side) is suggested to be provided by circulation of cooling water.
An experimental study was conducted at VIT [2] wherein a heat exchanger with 18
thermoelectric generator modules was designed and tested in the engine test rig. This study
revealed that energy can be tapped efficiently from the engine exhaust and in near future
thermoelectric generators can reduce the size of the alternator or eliminate them in
automobiles.
A typical total waste heat recovering technology, using thermoelectric generators (TEGs),
coupled with a gasoline engine was investigated in this study conducted at Ambrose Alli
University, Nigeria [5]. According to the experimental analysis conducted by Suryawanshi et

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al. [6] the temperature of pipe surface of exhaust gases flowing through exhaust gas pipe is
very high and it is around 2000C to 3000C so a heat exchanger is made, which conducts heat
from exhaust pipe to thermoelectric modules, one surfaceof these modules is in contact with
the surface of hot side heat exchanger and other is in contact with the surface of cold side
heat exchanger and thus potential difference is created and power is produced due to See
beck effect.
Baskaret al. [7] did an experiment to study and analysethe feasibilityof retrofitting the waste
heat recovery system to a two-stroke petrol engine. The experimental performance testing
has shown that the overall efficiency of two stroke petrol engine installed with and without
the waste heat recovery systemis 29.67% and 29.2% respectively when the power extraction
was 90W. Jadhao et al. [8] in his paper had analysed the possibility of heat recovery from an
IC engine and the various ways to achieve it. He has compared the various possibilities like
the Thermo electric generation, Thermo Ionic Generation and Piezoelectric Generation. He
found that in Thermo Electric generation, optimal temperature difference is sufficient to
produce the required power.
Birkholz et al. [9] have implemented the same TEG principle to recover the heat and to
generate power, but the material they used was FeSi2. Yu and Chau [10] has proposed and
implemented an automotive thermo-electric waste heat recovery system by adopting a Cuk
converter and a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) controller into its proposed systemas
tools for power conditioning and transfer. They reported that the power improvement is
recorded from 7.5% to 9.4% when the hot-side temperature of the TEG is heated from1000C
to 2500C. Also, when the hot-side temperature of the TEG is fixed at 250 0C, the power
improvement as much as 4.8% to 17.9% can be achieved.
In recent years the scientific and public awareness on environmental and energy issues has
brought in major interests to the research of advanced technologies particularly in highly
efficient internal combustion engines. Viewing from the socio-economic perspective, as the
level of energy consumption is directly proportional to the economic development and total
number of population in a country, the growing rate of population in the world today
indicates that the energy demand is likely to increase. Substantial thermal energy is available
from the exhaust gas in modern automotive engines. Two-thirds of the energy from
combustion in a vehicle is lost as waste heat, of which 40% is in the form of hot exhaust gas.
The latest developments and technologies on waste heat recovery of exhaust gas from
internal combustion engines (ICE). These include thermoelectric generators (TEG), Organic
Rankine cycle (ORC), six-stroke cycle IC engine and new developments on turbocharger
technology. Being one of the promising new devices for an automotive waste heat recovery,
thermoelectric generators (TEG) will become one of the most important and
outstanding devices in the future. A thermoelectric power generator is a solid-state device
that provides direct energy conversion from thermal energy (heat) due to a temperature
gradient into electrical energy based on “Seebeck effect”.
The thermoelectric power cycle, charge carriers (electrons) serving as the working fluid,
follows the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and intimately resembles the power cycle
of a conventional heat engine.

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One potential solution is the usage of the exhaust waste heat of combustion engines. This is
possible by the waste heat recovery using thermoelectric generator. A thermoelectric
generator converts the temperature gradient into useful voltage that can used for providing
power for auxiliary systems such as air conditioner and minor car electronics. Even it can
reduce the size of the alternator that consumes shaft power. If approximately 6% of exhaust
heat could be converted into electrical power, it will save approximately same quantity of
driving energy. It will be possible to reduce fuel consumption around 10 %; hence AETEG
systems can be profitable in the automobile industry.
The number of vehicles (passenger and commercial vehicles) produced from 2005 to 2010
shows an overall increasing trend from year to year despite major global economic downturn
in the 2008–2010 periods Note that China’s energy.
A number of irreversible processes in the engine limit its capability to achieve a highly
balanced efficiency. The rapid expan- sion of gases inside the cylinder produces high
temperature differ- ences, turbulent fluid motions and large heat transfers from the fluid to
the piston crown and cylinder walls. These rapid successions of events happening in the
cylinder create expanding exhaust gases with pressures that exceed the atmospheric level,
and they must be released while the gases are still expanding to prepare the cylinder for the
following processes. By doing so, the heated gases produced from the combustion process
can be easily channeled through the exhaust valve and manifold. The large amount of energy
from the stream of exhausted gases could potentially be used for waste heat energy recovery
to increase the work output of the engine. Consequently, higher efficiency, lower fuel
consumption by improving fuel economy, producing fewer emissions from the exhaust, and
reducing noise pollutions have been imposed as standards in some countries. Hatazawa et
al., Stabler, Taylor, Yu and Chau and Yang stated that the waste heat produced from thermal
combustion process generated by gasoline engine could get as high as 30–40% which is lost
to the environment through an exhaust pipe.
In internal combustion engines a huge amount of energy is lost in the form of heat through
the exhaust gas.Conklin and Szybist investigatedthat the percentage of fuelenergy converted
to useful work only 10.4% and also found the thermal energy lost through exhaust gas about
27.7%. The second law (i.e., exergy) analysis of fuel has been shown that fuel energy is
converted to the brake power about 9.7% and the exhaust about 8.4% as shown in Fig. 3. In
another research the value of exhaust gases mentioned to be 18.6% of total combustion
energy. It is also found that by installing heat exchanger to recover exhaust energy of the
engine could be saved up to 34% of fuel saving.
For example, the heat of the car's exhaust can be used to warm the engine coolant to keep
the engine running warm, even when the motor has been turned off for a significant length
of time. A vehicle's exhaust can actually be used to generate electricity. Although these
technologies can be used in any car, truck or SUV with an internal combustion engine, they're
particularly important to hybrid vehicles, which need to produce maximum fuel.
II. WHY THE PROJECT IS CHOSEN
1. Project is chosen as the project is an initiated of the industry as it is the requirement of
the industry to have sustainability in the development.
2. It is the requirement of the hour to save the energy and also be able have efficient energy
consumption with less input.

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3. Also government is trying to promote sustainable development in the automobile
industry thus becoming the field with scope in the present scenario.
III. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF PROJECT
Objectives: -
1. Use of waste energy and convert to the useful energy for cooling purpose.
2. Goal of the project is to see if our country is also working on such projects and if the
automobile companies are doing what they can to have sustainability in development.
3. Finally Study the various processes employed here and observe for problems or loopholes
and recommend the improvements possible.
Scope: -
1. At this moment the government is alsofocussing on the development and thus the perfect
opportunity for us to work with them thus helping in whatever way how much feeble it
is.
2. It is the requirement of the industry to have someone with skills and knowledge of reduce
waste energy thus opportunities in future.
3. This field is fairly new if considered to other fields and the work to be done is there.
IV. METHODOLOGY
The Exhaust Waste Heat to Electricity (EWHE) technology illustrated conceptually in Figure 1
is designed to effectively recover waste heat in industrial exhaust gases above 800°F and
convert it into power. It consists of a proprietary Pressure-Balanced Intake (PBI) design, with
Heat Recovery Fluid Heater (HRFH) that recovers available energy in the exhaust gases to
heat a thermal fluid, and a thermal fluid driven Organic Rankine Cycle Engine (ORCE) for
generating electricity. The unique design of the intake furnace exhaust to HRFH connection
maintains close-to-ambient pressure at the HRFH inlet thereby isolating the furnace from any
pressure changes that may be caused by the downstream heat recovery equipment. This
allows the furnace to operate at optimum pressures, which is critical in many industrial
furnaces to maintain product quality, productivity, furnace life, efficiency, and emissions. The
technology is applicable to furnaces with stacks that exhaust outside the building as well as
to furnaces exhausting directly in the building. The technology is especially attractive for
furnaces with demanding pressure controls and can be retrofit without any furnace
downtime.
The proprietary PBI component that isolates the furnace from any pressure changes caused
by the heat recovery equipment is designedto capture not only allof the heat inthe furnace

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exhaust gases but, in the case of stack-less furnaces, additional heat from the surrounding
hot furnace surfaces. The results of modelling for the host furnace show an overall 84%
recovery of heat in the exhaust gases to heat the thermal fluid. This is a very positive result
considering the host furnace is a stack-less furnace exhausting directly into the building, is
pulse-fired, and has very demanding furnace pressure control requirements.
Block diagram: -
Hot
Air
gun
Hot
Air passing
device
Battery
Thermoelectric
Generator
Thermoelectric
Generator
Cooling Air Fan

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V. SUMMARY
In this paper we have successfully fabricated an exhaust gas heat recovery power generator.
Thus, the eco-friendly power generation method can be implemented for domestic and
commercial useat an affordable cost. The efficiencyof the enginewill not be affected because
only the surface heat of the silencer is drawn out. The main objective of this paper is to
recover the surface exhaust heat to avoid the accidents (Burn-outs) caused by the overheated
silencers, and to convert the recovered heat to useful electric energy. This objective has been
successfully accomplished in this paper. The output could be increased by connecting a
number of TEGs in series, so that the voltage gets added up leading to increased power. The
energy produced from this system could be used to power any auxiliary devices in an
automobile directly or it could be stored in a battery and then used later.
VI. REFERENCES
1. Dipak Patil1, Dr. R. R. Arakerimath2” A Review of Thermoelectric Generator for Waste Heat
Recovery from Engine Exhaust” Vol.1 Issue.8, December 2013.
2. Prathamesh Ramade1, Prathamesh Patil2, Manoj Shelar3, Sameer Chaudhary4, Prof. Shivaji
Yadav5, Prof. Santosh Trimbake6” Automobile Exhaust Thermo-Electric Generator Design
&Performance Analysis”InternationalJournalof EmergingTechnologyandAdvancedEngineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 5,
May 2014)
3. R. Saidur a, M.Rezaei a, W.K.Muzammil a, M.H.Hassan a, S.Paria a, M.Hasanuzzaman b,n”
Technologies to recover exhaust heat from internal combustion engines” 1364-0321/$ -
seefrontmatter & 2012 ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.
4. JiaS,PengH,Liu S,ZhangX.Reviewof transportationandenergyconsump- tionrelated research.
Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology 2009;9(3).
5. SaidurR.A reviewonelectricalmotorsenergyuseandenergysavings.RenewableandSustainable
Energy Reviews 2010;14(3).
6. Saidur R, Atabani AE, Mekhelas S. A review on electrical and thermal energy for industries.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2011;15(4).
7. Jahirul MI, SaidurR, HasanuzzamanM, Masjuki HH, KalamMA. A comparisonof the air pollution
of gasoline and CNG driven car for Malaysia. International Journal of Mechanical and Materials
Engineering 2007;2(2):130–8. 8. Saidur R, Jahirul MI, Hasanuzzaman M, Masjuki HH. Analysis of
exhaust emissions