Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide with 300 to 500 million cases and about one million deaths reported to date, 90% of which were reported from Sub Saharan African countries like Ethiopia. The main objective of the study was identification of malaria hazard areas by using the Arc GIS in East Gojjam zone. Weighted overlay technique of multi-criteria analysis was used to develop the malaria-hazard map. Temperature, rainfall, altitude, slope, distance from rivers, and soil types were considered as variables to prepare malaria hazard map. The malaria hazard map was classified into four suitability index such as very high suitable, high suitable, moderately suitable, and low suitable. The result shows that around 22% areas is highly suitable for malaria hazard, 27% is high suitable, 26% is moderately suitable and 25 % is low suitable for malaria hazard areas. It is suggested that effective identification and mapping of malaria hazard areas may contribute for the prevention system cost effective, least time taking, easily manageable in controlling the disease.
Use of Climate Information in the Assessment of Impact of Malaria InterventionsMEASURE Evaluation
Presented by Madeleine Thomson, International Research Institute for Climate and Society and The Earth Institute at Columbia University, as part of a symposium organized by MEASURE Evaluation and MEASURE DHS at the 6th MIM Pan-African Malaria Conference.
GIS is an essential technology for all phases of emergency management preparation, mitigation, response, and recovery. Find out how GIS provides a foundation for comprehensive emergency management .
To prepare for and mitigate emergencies, GIS can map and model potential disasters to help visualize critical vulnerabilities and damage consequences. As rebuilding begins, GIS aids local, state, and federal agencies with technology that supports collaboration between multiple agencies.
Field data captured with mobile GIS provides the ability to add updates from remote locations for more efficient incident management. It also supplies rapid damage assessment and more accurate recovery operations.
This document discusses the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in plant biosecurity. It defines GIS as a computer system used to store, manipulate, analyze and display spatially referenced data. The key components of a GIS are described, including data capture, database management, geographic analysis and result preparation. An example is provided of how GIS was used to effectively respond to a plant disease outbreak by identifying at-risk farms and facilitating rapid notification. Surveillance is identified as a key biosecurity activity enabled by GIS through functions like spatially mapping detections and delimiting affected areas.
This document discusses the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and GPS technologies to diagnose plant parasitic nematodes through site-specific sampling and treatment. It describes a 7-step process: 1) establishing field boundaries and soil sampling points using GPS, 2) collecting and analyzing individual soil samples, 3) entering nematode counts and locations into GIS software, 4) generating a spatial map of nematode populations, 5) conducting variogram analysis of the nematode data, 6) creating a site-specific nematicide application map, and 7) sending the map to a GPS-guided applicator. The document provides examples of how these techniques can optimize nematicide application and reduce costs.
Application of gis and remote sensing in disease prevention and control withDr. Ramkesh Prasad
Remote sensing uses sensors to acquire information about objects or areas without direct contact. It can be passive, using natural radiation sources, or active, using artificial sources. GIS organizes spatial data in databases and allows for visualization and analysis. Both tools have many applications in public health, including disease surveillance, outbreak prediction and response, health resource allocation, and monitoring interventions over time. In Assam, a project used remote sensing and GIS along with epidemiological data to develop an early warning system for Japanese encephalitis outbreaks from 2002-2006. The NRHM in Assam has also created a web-based GIS system for health facility planning and management. Overall, remote sensing and GIS are valuable tools for improving public health when
This document discusses the role of remote sensing and GIS in disaster management. It begins with an introduction to disaster management cycles and then describes how remote sensing is used across different stages of disasters like cyclones, earthquakes, and floods for tasks such as early warning, damage assessment, and recovery planning. It provides examples of various satellites used for monitoring different disasters. The document emphasizes that while hazards cannot be prevented, remote sensing can play a key role in minimizing loss of life through preparedness, response, and rebuilding efforts after disasters strike.
Use of Climate Information in the Assessment of Impact of Malaria InterventionsMEASURE Evaluation
Presented by Madeleine Thomson, International Research Institute for Climate and Society and The Earth Institute at Columbia University, as part of a symposium organized by MEASURE Evaluation and MEASURE DHS at the 6th MIM Pan-African Malaria Conference.
GIS is an essential technology for all phases of emergency management preparation, mitigation, response, and recovery. Find out how GIS provides a foundation for comprehensive emergency management .
To prepare for and mitigate emergencies, GIS can map and model potential disasters to help visualize critical vulnerabilities and damage consequences. As rebuilding begins, GIS aids local, state, and federal agencies with technology that supports collaboration between multiple agencies.
Field data captured with mobile GIS provides the ability to add updates from remote locations for more efficient incident management. It also supplies rapid damage assessment and more accurate recovery operations.
This document discusses the use of geographic information systems (GIS) in plant biosecurity. It defines GIS as a computer system used to store, manipulate, analyze and display spatially referenced data. The key components of a GIS are described, including data capture, database management, geographic analysis and result preparation. An example is provided of how GIS was used to effectively respond to a plant disease outbreak by identifying at-risk farms and facilitating rapid notification. Surveillance is identified as a key biosecurity activity enabled by GIS through functions like spatially mapping detections and delimiting affected areas.
This document discusses the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and GPS technologies to diagnose plant parasitic nematodes through site-specific sampling and treatment. It describes a 7-step process: 1) establishing field boundaries and soil sampling points using GPS, 2) collecting and analyzing individual soil samples, 3) entering nematode counts and locations into GIS software, 4) generating a spatial map of nematode populations, 5) conducting variogram analysis of the nematode data, 6) creating a site-specific nematicide application map, and 7) sending the map to a GPS-guided applicator. The document provides examples of how these techniques can optimize nematicide application and reduce costs.
Application of gis and remote sensing in disease prevention and control withDr. Ramkesh Prasad
Remote sensing uses sensors to acquire information about objects or areas without direct contact. It can be passive, using natural radiation sources, or active, using artificial sources. GIS organizes spatial data in databases and allows for visualization and analysis. Both tools have many applications in public health, including disease surveillance, outbreak prediction and response, health resource allocation, and monitoring interventions over time. In Assam, a project used remote sensing and GIS along with epidemiological data to develop an early warning system for Japanese encephalitis outbreaks from 2002-2006. The NRHM in Assam has also created a web-based GIS system for health facility planning and management. Overall, remote sensing and GIS are valuable tools for improving public health when
This document discusses the role of remote sensing and GIS in disaster management. It begins with an introduction to disaster management cycles and then describes how remote sensing is used across different stages of disasters like cyclones, earthquakes, and floods for tasks such as early warning, damage assessment, and recovery planning. It provides examples of various satellites used for monitoring different disasters. The document emphasizes that while hazards cannot be prevented, remote sensing can play a key role in minimizing loss of life through preparedness, response, and rebuilding efforts after disasters strike.
Remote sensing and GIS can play an important role in disaster management by providing tools and techniques for monitoring, mapping, and modeling disasters. This includes early warning systems, finding safe areas, rescue routing, and assessing damage. Some key capabilities are disaster mapping and monitoring, scenario simulation, emergency response support, and vulnerability analysis to help with preparedness, relief, recovery, reconstruction, and mitigation efforts.
The document summarizes key aspects of pest surveillance using remote sensing and GIS techniques. It discusses pest surveillance methods like roving surveys and fixed plot surveys to monitor pest populations. It also describes using remote sensing from different platforms like ground-based, airborne and spaceborne sensors to collect spectral data on crop health and pest stress. GIS is used to store spatial data collected through remote sensing and surveillance that can help with pest management and decision making.
GPS and GIS are used together to collect and analyze spatial data. GPS is a satellite system that provides location data, while GIS is software that stores and manipulates spatial data from multiple sources and allows users to generate layered maps. An example is an agricultural producer using a GPS receiver to locate a water source and then combining that point data in a GIS with soil maps, aerial imagery and other data to generate customized field maps. GIS information and maps have various uses for agricultural planning and biosecurity management.
This document discusses the application of geoinformatics in disaster management. It begins by introducing the disaster management cycle of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. It then provides an overview of different geoinformatics tools and technologies like photogrammetry, remote sensing, spatial analysis and GIS software. The main body examines how each geoinformatics tool can be applied in the different phases of the disaster management cycle for tasks like hazard mapping, evacuation planning, damage assessment etc. Specific examples discussed include using remote sensing to monitor volcanoes and producing landslide susceptibility maps with GIS. Overall, the document illustrates how geoinformatics plays a crucial role in effective disaster risk reduction and response.
Remote sensing provides information about objects on Earth through reflected or emitted radiation captured from a distance. In India, remote sensing is used extensively for agriculture and resource management. The document outlines the various applications of remote sensing in agriculture, including crop production forecasting, crop damage assessment, soil mapping, and drought monitoring. It also describes India's remote sensing program developed by ISRO to design, build, and launch satellites, and the various centers established for remote sensing education and applications.
geo information ppt in disaster managementKirpaldumaniya
1) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrate hardware, software and data to visualize, analyze and display spatial information that can be used for disaster management planning and response.
2) GIS and remote sensing technologies such as satellites can be used to map hazards, monitor disaster-prone areas, assess damage and support situational awareness during emergencies like earthquakes and floods.
3) GPS provides precise location data that enables GIS mapping and supports disaster operations by tracking personnel and resources in the field.
Drought monitoring and early warning in the MENA region: The ICBA contributio...NENAwaterscarcity
Workshop on Operationalizing the Regional Collaborative Platform to Address ‘Water Consumption, Water Productivity and Drought Management’ in Agriculture, 27 - 29 October 2015, Cairo, Egyp
This document discusses the use of remote sensing in agriculture. It provides an overview of key remote sensing concepts and applications in land use planning, soil and crop monitoring, precision farming, and thematic mapping. Specific techniques covered include land use/land cover mapping using GIS, normalized difference vegetation index for crop monitoring, and digital soil mapping. Remote sensing is presented as a useful tool for agricultural applications like crop damage assessment, yield prediction, and site-specific farm management.
Remote Sensing Applications in Agriculture in PakistanGhulam Asghar
"Remote sensing is the science of acquiring, processing, and Interpreting images and related data without physical contact with object that are obtained from ground based, air or space-borne instruments that record the interaction between target and electromagnetic radiation."
This document discusses the application of radar remote sensing in flood management. It begins with introductions to radar remote sensing and flood management. Radar can be used for near real-time flood monitoring, assessing the nature of floods, and mapping of flood prone areas. Both ground-based and satellite radar data can be integrated. Digital elevation models generated from radar and other data sources are useful for flood management tasks like delineating watersheds and drainage networks. The document provides examples of how synthetic aperture radar images can be used to map flood extent, even in areas obscured by vegetation.
Remote sensing has been found to be a valuable tool for evaluating, monitoring, and managing land, water, and crop resources in agriculture. It can be used to monitor crop status by identifying plant stress from space, estimate crop yields, identify crop types through classification, and enable precision agriculture. Some applications include crop identification, acreage estimation, condition assessment, detection of planting/harvest dates, soil mapping, drought monitoring, and more. A number of satellites, including from India, USA, France, UK, and Japan, provide remote sensing data for agricultural applications. Remote sensing plays an important role for agriculture through mapping, monitoring, modeling, and management to help ensure food security.
Flooding is one of the most devastating natural
disasters in Nigeria. The impact of flooding on human activities
cannot be overemphasized. It can threaten human lives, their
property, environment and the economy. Different techniques
exist to manage and analyze the impact of flooding. Some of these
techniques have not been effective in management of flood
disaster. Remote sensing technique presents itself as an effective
and efficient means of managing flood disaster. In this study,
SPOT-10 image was used to perform land cover/ land use
classification of the study area. Advanced Space borne Thermal
Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) image of 2010 was
used to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The image
focal statistics were generated using the Spatial Analyst/
Neighborhood/Focal Statistics Tool in ArcMap. The contour map
was produced using the Spatial Analyst/ Surface/ Contour Tools.
The DEM generated from the focal statistics was reclassified into
different risk levels based on variation of elevation values. The
depression in the DEM was filled and used to create the flow
direction map. The flow accumulation map was produced using
the flow direction data as input image. The stream network and
watershed were equally generated and the stream vectorized. The
reclassified DEM, stream network and vectorized land cover
classes were integrated and used to analyze the impact of flood on
the classes. The result shows that 27.86% of the area studied will
be affected at very high risk flood level, 35.63% at high risk,
17.90% at moderate risk, 10.72% at low risk, and 7.89% at no
risk flood level. Built up area class will be mostly affected at very
high risk flood level while farmland will be affected at high risk
flood level. Oshoro, Imhekpeme, and Weppa communities will be
affected at very high risk flood inundation while Ivighe, Uneme,
Igoide and Iviari communities will be at risk at high risk flood
inundation level. It is recommended among others that buildings
that fall within the “Very High Risk” area should be identified
and occupants possibly relocated to other areas such as the “No
Risk” area.
To know the difference between the weather and the climate and to know the meteorological stations in India and their service to India and its about the world meteorological organisation and India meteorological organisation.
Remote sensing and gis for monitoring vector borne diseasesSakthivel R
This document discusses using remote sensing and GIS technologies to monitor vector-borne diseases. Specifically, it aims to determine how environmental factors like temperature, rainfall, humidity, forest cover, and water bodies affect disease occurrence. The methodology includes using regression analysis and geostatistical approaches to produce risk maps for predicting and controlling diseases. Remote sensing images and meteorological data are analyzed in GIS to map high, medium, and low risk areas. Radar images offer advantages for this type of analysis as they can image landscapes day or night, through clouds and haze. The results demonstrate how these tools can effectively model disease transmission and promote public health planning.
Overview of Drought Indicators and their application in the context of a Drou...NENAwaterscarcity
1) The document discusses drought indicators and indices that can be used in drought early warning systems. It provides examples of commonly used indices for meteorological, agricultural, soil moisture, and hydrological drought monitoring.
2) Indices are categorized by inputs required, ease of use, and applications. No single indicator can determine drought impacts or responses, so using multiple indices is best.
3) Quantitative triggers based on index values are favored for initiating predetermined actions in drought plans. Monitoring is essential for risk management and response cannot be implemented without ongoing measurement and assessment of drought conditions.
Landslides cause significant damage worldwide, especially in mountainous areas with growing populations. This study uses GIS to model landslide hazards and risks in the Upstate region of South Carolina. The models analyze factors like slope, geology, and land use to create landslide hazard and economic risk maps. The hazard map shows the highest risk areas are in Pickens and Oconee Counties. The risk map finds most at-risk areas are in Spartanburg and Greenville Counties. A social vulnerability map overlays demographic data and finds some high-risk groups live in hazard zones, which is important for planning and prevention.
GIS can be used in pesticide management in several ways:
1) GIS monitors and maps the spatial extent of pests and diseases to identify patterns and link locations to other spatial data.
2) GIS predicts the potential spread of pests and diseases and provides input for risk assessment models in pest control.
3) As shown in a case study, GIS was used to map the spread of a banana disease in Africa, identify priority intervention areas based on food security, and target control efforts to maximize impact.
Indigenous weather forecasting practices in eastern Africa provide important information for rural communities but face challenges. A study examined forecasting methods along Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, finding that communities use environmental indicators like plant behaviors and animal activity to predict rains. These indigenous forecasts often align with seasonal forecasts but lack documentation. The study recommends integrating indigenous and scientific forecasts by studying their scientific bases and improving forecast access and interpretation for farmers.
1. Soil spectroscopy is being used in the Africa Soil Information Service (AfSIS) to monitor soils across Africa and identify soil properties and issues.
2. Infrared spectroscopy allows identification of mineral composition, organic matter, and other properties in soils to help with agricultural and environmental management.
3. AfSIS has established a network of soil spectral labs across Africa and provides online tools and services to analyze soil spectra and properties.
This document summarizes a study that used statistical modeling to determine the influence of temperature and rainfall on malaria incidence in four provinces of Zambia from 2009 to 2012. The study found:
1) A strong positive association between malaria incidence and precipitation as well as minimum temperature.
2) The risk of malaria was 95% lower in Lusaka and 68% lower in the Western Province compared to Luapula Province. North-western Province did not vary significantly from Luapula Province.
3) The effects of geographical region are clearly demonstrated by the unique behavior and effects of minimum and maximum temperatures in the four provinces.
Ecological Niche Modelling of Potential RVF Vector Mosquito Species and their...Nanyingi Mark
This document summarizes a study on ecological niche modeling and spatial risk analysis of Rift Valley Fever vectors in Kenya. The study aimed to evaluate the correlation between mosquito distribution and environmental factors associated with RVF outbreaks. Maximum entropy, boosted regression trees, and random forest models were used to develop risk maps predicting the potential spread of RVF vectors based on climatic and environmental variables. The models found that variables like rainfall, number of dry months, and moisture indices influenced the distributions of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes. The risk maps developed can help target RVF surveillance and control in high-risk areas. Limitations included lack of data from known outbreak hotspots and unreliable local climatic/ecological databases
Remote sensing and GIS can play an important role in disaster management by providing tools and techniques for monitoring, mapping, and modeling disasters. This includes early warning systems, finding safe areas, rescue routing, and assessing damage. Some key capabilities are disaster mapping and monitoring, scenario simulation, emergency response support, and vulnerability analysis to help with preparedness, relief, recovery, reconstruction, and mitigation efforts.
The document summarizes key aspects of pest surveillance using remote sensing and GIS techniques. It discusses pest surveillance methods like roving surveys and fixed plot surveys to monitor pest populations. It also describes using remote sensing from different platforms like ground-based, airborne and spaceborne sensors to collect spectral data on crop health and pest stress. GIS is used to store spatial data collected through remote sensing and surveillance that can help with pest management and decision making.
GPS and GIS are used together to collect and analyze spatial data. GPS is a satellite system that provides location data, while GIS is software that stores and manipulates spatial data from multiple sources and allows users to generate layered maps. An example is an agricultural producer using a GPS receiver to locate a water source and then combining that point data in a GIS with soil maps, aerial imagery and other data to generate customized field maps. GIS information and maps have various uses for agricultural planning and biosecurity management.
This document discusses the application of geoinformatics in disaster management. It begins by introducing the disaster management cycle of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. It then provides an overview of different geoinformatics tools and technologies like photogrammetry, remote sensing, spatial analysis and GIS software. The main body examines how each geoinformatics tool can be applied in the different phases of the disaster management cycle for tasks like hazard mapping, evacuation planning, damage assessment etc. Specific examples discussed include using remote sensing to monitor volcanoes and producing landslide susceptibility maps with GIS. Overall, the document illustrates how geoinformatics plays a crucial role in effective disaster risk reduction and response.
Remote sensing provides information about objects on Earth through reflected or emitted radiation captured from a distance. In India, remote sensing is used extensively for agriculture and resource management. The document outlines the various applications of remote sensing in agriculture, including crop production forecasting, crop damage assessment, soil mapping, and drought monitoring. It also describes India's remote sensing program developed by ISRO to design, build, and launch satellites, and the various centers established for remote sensing education and applications.
geo information ppt in disaster managementKirpaldumaniya
1) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrate hardware, software and data to visualize, analyze and display spatial information that can be used for disaster management planning and response.
2) GIS and remote sensing technologies such as satellites can be used to map hazards, monitor disaster-prone areas, assess damage and support situational awareness during emergencies like earthquakes and floods.
3) GPS provides precise location data that enables GIS mapping and supports disaster operations by tracking personnel and resources in the field.
Drought monitoring and early warning in the MENA region: The ICBA contributio...NENAwaterscarcity
Workshop on Operationalizing the Regional Collaborative Platform to Address ‘Water Consumption, Water Productivity and Drought Management’ in Agriculture, 27 - 29 October 2015, Cairo, Egyp
This document discusses the use of remote sensing in agriculture. It provides an overview of key remote sensing concepts and applications in land use planning, soil and crop monitoring, precision farming, and thematic mapping. Specific techniques covered include land use/land cover mapping using GIS, normalized difference vegetation index for crop monitoring, and digital soil mapping. Remote sensing is presented as a useful tool for agricultural applications like crop damage assessment, yield prediction, and site-specific farm management.
Remote Sensing Applications in Agriculture in PakistanGhulam Asghar
"Remote sensing is the science of acquiring, processing, and Interpreting images and related data without physical contact with object that are obtained from ground based, air or space-borne instruments that record the interaction between target and electromagnetic radiation."
This document discusses the application of radar remote sensing in flood management. It begins with introductions to radar remote sensing and flood management. Radar can be used for near real-time flood monitoring, assessing the nature of floods, and mapping of flood prone areas. Both ground-based and satellite radar data can be integrated. Digital elevation models generated from radar and other data sources are useful for flood management tasks like delineating watersheds and drainage networks. The document provides examples of how synthetic aperture radar images can be used to map flood extent, even in areas obscured by vegetation.
Remote sensing has been found to be a valuable tool for evaluating, monitoring, and managing land, water, and crop resources in agriculture. It can be used to monitor crop status by identifying plant stress from space, estimate crop yields, identify crop types through classification, and enable precision agriculture. Some applications include crop identification, acreage estimation, condition assessment, detection of planting/harvest dates, soil mapping, drought monitoring, and more. A number of satellites, including from India, USA, France, UK, and Japan, provide remote sensing data for agricultural applications. Remote sensing plays an important role for agriculture through mapping, monitoring, modeling, and management to help ensure food security.
Flooding is one of the most devastating natural
disasters in Nigeria. The impact of flooding on human activities
cannot be overemphasized. It can threaten human lives, their
property, environment and the economy. Different techniques
exist to manage and analyze the impact of flooding. Some of these
techniques have not been effective in management of flood
disaster. Remote sensing technique presents itself as an effective
and efficient means of managing flood disaster. In this study,
SPOT-10 image was used to perform land cover/ land use
classification of the study area. Advanced Space borne Thermal
Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) image of 2010 was
used to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The image
focal statistics were generated using the Spatial Analyst/
Neighborhood/Focal Statistics Tool in ArcMap. The contour map
was produced using the Spatial Analyst/ Surface/ Contour Tools.
The DEM generated from the focal statistics was reclassified into
different risk levels based on variation of elevation values. The
depression in the DEM was filled and used to create the flow
direction map. The flow accumulation map was produced using
the flow direction data as input image. The stream network and
watershed were equally generated and the stream vectorized. The
reclassified DEM, stream network and vectorized land cover
classes were integrated and used to analyze the impact of flood on
the classes. The result shows that 27.86% of the area studied will
be affected at very high risk flood level, 35.63% at high risk,
17.90% at moderate risk, 10.72% at low risk, and 7.89% at no
risk flood level. Built up area class will be mostly affected at very
high risk flood level while farmland will be affected at high risk
flood level. Oshoro, Imhekpeme, and Weppa communities will be
affected at very high risk flood inundation while Ivighe, Uneme,
Igoide and Iviari communities will be at risk at high risk flood
inundation level. It is recommended among others that buildings
that fall within the “Very High Risk” area should be identified
and occupants possibly relocated to other areas such as the “No
Risk” area.
To know the difference between the weather and the climate and to know the meteorological stations in India and their service to India and its about the world meteorological organisation and India meteorological organisation.
Remote sensing and gis for monitoring vector borne diseasesSakthivel R
This document discusses using remote sensing and GIS technologies to monitor vector-borne diseases. Specifically, it aims to determine how environmental factors like temperature, rainfall, humidity, forest cover, and water bodies affect disease occurrence. The methodology includes using regression analysis and geostatistical approaches to produce risk maps for predicting and controlling diseases. Remote sensing images and meteorological data are analyzed in GIS to map high, medium, and low risk areas. Radar images offer advantages for this type of analysis as they can image landscapes day or night, through clouds and haze. The results demonstrate how these tools can effectively model disease transmission and promote public health planning.
Overview of Drought Indicators and their application in the context of a Drou...NENAwaterscarcity
1) The document discusses drought indicators and indices that can be used in drought early warning systems. It provides examples of commonly used indices for meteorological, agricultural, soil moisture, and hydrological drought monitoring.
2) Indices are categorized by inputs required, ease of use, and applications. No single indicator can determine drought impacts or responses, so using multiple indices is best.
3) Quantitative triggers based on index values are favored for initiating predetermined actions in drought plans. Monitoring is essential for risk management and response cannot be implemented without ongoing measurement and assessment of drought conditions.
Landslides cause significant damage worldwide, especially in mountainous areas with growing populations. This study uses GIS to model landslide hazards and risks in the Upstate region of South Carolina. The models analyze factors like slope, geology, and land use to create landslide hazard and economic risk maps. The hazard map shows the highest risk areas are in Pickens and Oconee Counties. The risk map finds most at-risk areas are in Spartanburg and Greenville Counties. A social vulnerability map overlays demographic data and finds some high-risk groups live in hazard zones, which is important for planning and prevention.
GIS can be used in pesticide management in several ways:
1) GIS monitors and maps the spatial extent of pests and diseases to identify patterns and link locations to other spatial data.
2) GIS predicts the potential spread of pests and diseases and provides input for risk assessment models in pest control.
3) As shown in a case study, GIS was used to map the spread of a banana disease in Africa, identify priority intervention areas based on food security, and target control efforts to maximize impact.
Indigenous weather forecasting practices in eastern Africa provide important information for rural communities but face challenges. A study examined forecasting methods along Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, finding that communities use environmental indicators like plant behaviors and animal activity to predict rains. These indigenous forecasts often align with seasonal forecasts but lack documentation. The study recommends integrating indigenous and scientific forecasts by studying their scientific bases and improving forecast access and interpretation for farmers.
1. Soil spectroscopy is being used in the Africa Soil Information Service (AfSIS) to monitor soils across Africa and identify soil properties and issues.
2. Infrared spectroscopy allows identification of mineral composition, organic matter, and other properties in soils to help with agricultural and environmental management.
3. AfSIS has established a network of soil spectral labs across Africa and provides online tools and services to analyze soil spectra and properties.
This document summarizes a study that used statistical modeling to determine the influence of temperature and rainfall on malaria incidence in four provinces of Zambia from 2009 to 2012. The study found:
1) A strong positive association between malaria incidence and precipitation as well as minimum temperature.
2) The risk of malaria was 95% lower in Lusaka and 68% lower in the Western Province compared to Luapula Province. North-western Province did not vary significantly from Luapula Province.
3) The effects of geographical region are clearly demonstrated by the unique behavior and effects of minimum and maximum temperatures in the four provinces.
Ecological Niche Modelling of Potential RVF Vector Mosquito Species and their...Nanyingi Mark
This document summarizes a study on ecological niche modeling and spatial risk analysis of Rift Valley Fever vectors in Kenya. The study aimed to evaluate the correlation between mosquito distribution and environmental factors associated with RVF outbreaks. Maximum entropy, boosted regression trees, and random forest models were used to develop risk maps predicting the potential spread of RVF vectors based on climatic and environmental variables. The models found that variables like rainfall, number of dry months, and moisture indices influenced the distributions of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes. The risk maps developed can help target RVF surveillance and control in high-risk areas. Limitations included lack of data from known outbreak hotspots and unreliable local climatic/ecological databases
Schistosomiasis is often endemic in rural hard to reach areas of the world, making ground control efforts difficult. Remote sensing is useful because of its ability to capture images over wide temporal and spatial scales, providing risk assessments at low cost. Initial predictive risk models were based off the ecological requirements of the disease’s intermediary host, the snail. An at- tempt at creating a climatologically based risk map for Ghana is presented. The variables chosen were in close agreement with those used in the literature. The limitations of a regional model is its lack of sensitivity to the focality of schistosomiasis. It has been suggested that models can be refined by including factors of both hosts, snails and humans. Creating predictive models that fit an assortment of Schistosoma, snail species, and human factors, over both regional and local scales is necessary to understanding Schistosomiasis in Africa.
Spatial risk assessment of Rift Valley Fever potential outbreaks using a vect...Nanyingi Mark
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne, viral, zoonotic disease that threatens human and animal health. In Kenya the geographical distribution is determined by spread of competent transmission vectors. Existing RVF predictive risk maps are devoid of vectors interactions with eco-climatic parameters in emergence of disease. We envisage to develop a vector surveillance system (VSS) by mapping the distribution of potential RVF competent vectors in Kenya; To evaluate the correlation between mosquito distribution and environmental-climatic attributes favoring emergence of RVF and investigate by modeling the climatic, ecological and environmental drivers of RVF outbreaks and develop a risk map for spatial prediction of RVF outbreaks in Kenya. Using a cross-sectional design we classified Kenya into 30 spatial units/districts (15 case, 15 control for RVF) based on historical RVF outbreaks weighted probability indices for endemicity. Entomological and ecological surveillance using GPS mapping and monthly (May 2013- February 2014) trapping of mosquitoes is alternatively done in case and control areas. 2500 mosquitoes have been collected in 15 districts (50% geographical target for each for case and control). Species identified as (Culicines-86%, Anophelines-9.7%, Aedes- 2.6%) with over 65% distribution in RVF endemic areas. We demonstrate the applications of spatial epidemiology using GIS to illustrate RVF risk distribution and propose utilizing a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) approach to develop Ecological Niche Models (ENM) for prediction of competent RVF vector distributions in un-sampled areas. Targeting RVF hotspots can minimize the costs of large-scale vector surveillance hence enhancing vaccination and vector control strategies. A replicable VSS database and methods can be used for risk analysis of other vector-borne diseases.
Jardine at al RRV in Peel region_proximity to wetlands_VBZD Feb 2015_Vol 15 ...Peter Neville
This study analyzed Ross River virus (RRV) case data from 2002-2012 in the Peel region of Western Australia to determine disease risk associated with proximity to mosquito breeding habitats. Residents living within 1 km of breeding habitats had significantly higher RRV rates compared to background rates across the Peel region in all years studied. Cumulative data over the 10-year period showed residents within 1-2 km of habitats also had higher rates. The study demonstrates an increased RRV risk for residents near breeding habitats and highlights the need for planning authorities to consider mosquito-borne disease risks when assessing new development applications near such habitats.
This study uses ecological niche modeling to analyze the current and future risk of Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) in Africa. The results show that eastern and central Africa currently have suitable conditions for MLND, with many hotspots located in the central humid and sub-humid regions. By 2020 and 2050, the suitable areas are predicted to shrink, but eastern Africa will remain a hotspot. Temperature and precipitation factors, especially precipitation in wet months/quarters, most influence the disease distribution. The study concludes landscape epidemiology can help identify geographic MLND risk areas to better target management resources.
One health Perspective and Vector Borne DiseasesNanyingi Mark
Vector borne diseases like malaria and Rift Valley fever pose significant risks to human and animal health in Africa. One Health approaches that consider the environmental, animal, and human factors are needed to develop early warning systems. The document discusses developing tools to detect climate sensitive disease outbreaks and assessing environmental and vector characteristics. It also presents models of Rift Valley fever transmission dynamics and the importance of vertical transmission between outbreaks. Spatial distribution models of Rift Valley fever vectors in Kenya were developed using climatic and ecological variables. The results can help target surveillance and control in high-risk areas.
Perspectives of predictive epidemiology and early warning systems for Rift Va...ILRI
Presentation by MO Nanyingi, GM Muchemi, SG Kiama, SM Thumbi and B Bett at the 47th annual scientific conference of the Kenya Veterinary Association held at Mombasa, Kenya, 24-27 April 2013.
The Dynamic Of The Main Foliar Wheat Diseases Developing At Coast Zone Of Alb...irjes
Observations were done every week starting from filleting till milk ripening in wheat production
fields. It was carried out in "Kaloshi" farm in Grabian village, Lushnja the district of Fier for the three study
years (2011, 2012, 2013). Winter wheat is one of the most important and economically beneficial crops in
Albania. Distribution of pathogens is a complex phenomenon – it is set by host distribution and susceptibility
levels, crop management and environment. Based on the data received during observations about the most
frequent foliar wheat diseases at coast zone Lushnje, for the three study years can be say that: Based on the data
obtained during surveys conducted to determine the most frequent air diseases of wheat in the low coastal area
Lushnja, for the three study years (2011, 2012, 2013) we can say that: for the three study years the first
infection of Powdery mildew (B.graminis) are seen at the first observation, march 15, with a level by 3%, while
during the mid of Aprile was 12%. During the begining of Aprile are seen infection by Septoria leaf blotch
(Septoria sp). With a value by 3% and afetr at the end of May this value was 41 %. Brown rust (P.recondita) on
the leaves is seen on mid of Aprile with a infection level by 1%, while at the end of may it was 38 %. Changes
in disease epidemics were determined and showed the differences between the analyzed diseases.
Analysis of multi-hazard risk to human life at County Level in the Yangtze Ri...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
This document summarizes a study that analyzed multi-risk to human life at the county level in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. The study developed a method to assess multi-hazard risk, vulnerability, exposure, and overall multi-risk to human life. It calculated multi-hazard, vulnerability, and exposure indices for 140 county-level cities using indicators like historical hazard impacts, medical access, infrastructure, demographics. The results showed the highest multi-risk areas were in the northeast, south, and Shanghai area.
IMED 2018: The use of remote sensing, geostatistical and machine learning met...Louisa Diggs
Kebede Deribe, Ph.D., MPH, Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK and School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: The use of remote sensing, geostatistical and machine learning methods in neglected tropical diseases surveillance — the case of podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis.
This document discusses the relationship between measles occurrence and weather conditions in Akure, Nigeria from 2009-2014. It finds that measles occurrence is directly correlated with maximum and minimum temperature and solar radiation, but inversely correlated with relative humidity. Two statistical models are developed to predict measles occurrence based on weather parameters. The models show that minimum temperature, maximum temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity can predict measles occurrence in the study area, though other non-climatic factors also influence occurrence. Improving data collection and the statistical model could help better understand and manage measles outbreaks.
GS43_03. Transboundary disease risks in the European regionEuFMD
The document discusses transboundary disease risks in the European region. It provides an overview of the Foot and Mouth Disease situation in various subregions like South East Europe, East Mediterranean, and North Africa between 2013-2019. It also summarizes outbreak data for diseases like peste des petits ruminants, lumpy skin disease, Rift Valley fever, and bovine ephemeral fever in the Middle East and North Africa regions. Finally, it identifies priorities like early warning systems, information sharing, networking, training, and emergency vaccine supplies to reduce transboundary disease risks in the future.
Mapping the risk of Rift Valley fever in UgandaILRI
This study analyzed data from Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks and serological surveys in Uganda to map the risk of RVF transmission. Surveillance records, serological surveys of cattle, sheep and goats, and spatial data on climate/ecology were analyzed. Observed outbreaks were mapped to identify occurrence patterns. Serological data were modeled using logistic regression to identify animal-level exposure factors. A geostatistical model predicted spatial patterns of endemic infection. The final serological model was used to predict areas of exposure risk based on ecological variables. Results identified areas at high transmission risk, especially during wet seasons, and pointed to the need for active surveillance in predicted risk areas.
Climate change and infectious livestock diseases: The case of Rift Valley fev...ILRI
Infographic by Bernard Bett, Johanna Lindahl and Delia Grace prepared as part of graphical notes to "The Climate-smart agriculture papers: Investigating the business of a productive, resilient and low emission future", December 2018.
The document summarizes the Global Risk Analysis project which models various natural hazards at a global level to assess risk. It involved partnerships between UNEP, the World Bank, Columbia University and other organizations. The analysis considers hazards, exposure, vulnerability and computes expected fatalities and economic losses. It finds risk is highly concentrated in specific countries and calls attention to rapidly increasing exposure due to population growth and urbanization.
This document discusses the spatial patterns of malaria transmission globally and within Nigeria. It finds that malaria transmission is heaviest in sub-Saharan Africa, where nearly 300 million people lack access to preventative measures. Within Nigeria, malaria prevalence can be as high as 85% and is a major public health burden. The research analyzed malaria data from 1993 to 2007 and found seasonal variations influence transmission. States in Nigeria's north central and northeast regions had the highest infection rates, while states in the southwest and northwest had the lowest. Targeted interventions are needed in highly-affected states to reduce malaria's public health and economic impacts.
Similar to Identifying Malaria Hazard Areas Using GIS and Multi Criteria: The Case Study at East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia (20)
Evaluation of Agro-morphological Performances of Hybrid Varieties of Chili Pe...Premier Publishers
In Benin, chilli pepper is a widely consumed as vegetable whose production requires the use of performant varieties. This work assessed, at Parakou and Malanville, the performance of six F1 hybrids of chilli including five imported (Laali, Laser, Nandi, Kranti, Nandita) and one local (De cayenne), in completely randomized block design at four replications and 15 plants per elementary plot. Agro-morphological data were collected and submitted to analysis of variance and factor analysis of mixed data. The results showed the effects of variety, location and their interactions were highly significant for most of the growth, earliness and yield traits. Imported hybrid varieties showed the best performances compared to the local one. Multivariate analysis revealed that 'De cayenne' was earlier, short in size, thin-stemmed, red fruits and less yielding (≈ 1 t.ha-1). The imported hybrids LaaliF1 and KrantiF1 were of strong vegetative vigor, more yielding (> 6 t.ha-1) by developing larger, long and hard fruits. Other hybrids showed intermediate performances. This study highlighted the importance of imported hybrids in improving yield and preservation of chili fruits. However, stability and adaptation analyses to local conditions are necessary for their adoption.
An Empirical Approach for the Variation in Capital Market Price Changes Premier Publishers
The chances of an investor in the stock market depends mainly on some certain decisions in respect to equilibrium prices, which is the condition of a system competing favorably and effectively. This paper considered a stochastic model which was latter transformed to non-linear ordinary differential equation where stock volatility was used as a key parameter. The analytical solution was obtained which determined the equilibrium prices. A theorem was developed and proved to show that the proposed mathematical model follows a normal distribution since it has a symmetric property. Finally, graphical results were presented and the effects of the relevant parameters were discussed.
Influence of Nitrogen and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Chia (Salvia hispani...Premier Publishers
Chia is an emerging cash crop in Kenya and its production is inhibited by lack of agronomic management information. A field experiment was conducted in February-June and May-August 2021, to determine the influence of nitrogen and spacing on growth and yield of Chia. A randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement was used with four nitrogen rates as the main plots (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N ha-1) and three spacing (30 cm x 15 cm (s1), 30 cm x 30 cm (s2), 50 cm x 50 cm (s3)). Application of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth and seed yield of Chia. Stem height, branches, stem diameter and leaves increased by 23-28%, 11-13%, 43-55% and 59-88% respectively. Spacing s3 significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth. An increase of 27-74%, 36-45% and 73-107% was recorded in number of leaves, stem diameter and dry weight, respectively. Chia yield per plant was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in s3. However, when expressed per unit area, s1 significantly produced higher yields. The study recommends 120 kg N ha-1 or higher nitrogen rates and a closer spacing of 15 cm x 30 cm as the best option for Chia production in Kenya.
Enhancing Social Capital During the Pandemic: A Case of the Rural Women in Bu...Premier Publishers
The document discusses a case study of enhancing social capital among rural women in Bukidnon Province, Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic through a livelihood project. Key findings include:
1) Technical trainings provided by the project increased the women's knowledge, allowing them to generate additional household income through vegetable gardening during the pandemic.
2) The women's social capital, as measured by groups/networks, trust, and cooperation, increased by 15.5% from 2019 to 2020 through increased participation in their association.
3) Main occupations, income sources, and ethnicity influenced the women's social capital. The project enhanced social ties that empowered the rural women economically and socially despite challenges of the pandemic.
Impact of Provision of Litigation Supports through Forensic Investigations on...Premier Publishers
This paper presents an argument through the fraud triangle theory that the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations in relation to corporate fraud cases is adequate for effective prosecution of perpetrators as well as corporate fraud prevention. To support this argument, this study operationalized provision of litigation supports through forensic audit and investigations, data mining for trends and patterns, and fraud data collection and preparation. A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the population of professional accountants and legal practitioners in Nigeria. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and this was mailed to the respective respondents. Resulting responses were analyzed using the OLS multiple regression techniques via the SPSS statistical software. The results reveal that the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations, fraud data mining for trends and patterns and fraud data collection and preparation for court proceedings have a positive and significant impact on corporate fraud prevention in Nigeria. This study therefore recommends that regulators should promote the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations in relation to corporate fraud cases in publicly listed firms in Nigeria, as this will help provide reports that are acceptable in court proceedings.
Improving the Efficiency of Ratio Estimators by Calibration WeightingsPremier Publishers
It is observed that the performances of most improved ratio estimators depend on some optimality conditions that need to be satisfied to guarantee better estimator. This paper develops a new approach to ratio estimation that produces a more efficient class of ratio estimators that do not depend on any optimality conditions for optimum performance using calibration weightings. The relative performances of the proposed calibration ratio estimators are compared with a corresponding global [Generalized Regression (GREG)] estimator. Results of analysis showed that the proposed calibration ratio estimators are substantially superior to the traditional GREG-estimator with relatively small bias, mean square error, average length of confidence interval and coverage probability. In general, the proposed calibration ratio estimators are more efficient than all existing estimators considered in the study.
Urban Liveability in the Context of Sustainable Development: A Perspective fr...Premier Publishers
Urbanization and quality of urban life are mutually related and however it varies geographically and regionally. With unprecedented growth of urban centres, challenge against urban development is more in terms of how to enhance quality of urban life and liveability. Making sense of and measuring urban liveability of urban places has become a crucial step in the context of sustainable development paradigm. Geographical regions depict variations in nature of urban development and consequently level of urban liveability. The coastal regain of West Bengal faces unusual challenges caused by increasing urbanization, uncontrolled growth, and expansion of economic activities like tourism and changing environmental quality. The present study offers a perspective on urban liveability of urban places located in coastal region comprising of Purba Medinipur and South 24 Parganas districts. The study uses the liveability standards covering four major pillars- institutional, social, economic and physical and their indicators. This leads to develop a City Liveability Index to rank urban places of the region, higher the index values better the urban liveability. The data for the purpose is collected from various secondary sources. Study finds that the eastern coastal region of the country covering state of West Bengal depicts variations in index of liveability determined by physical, economic, social and institutional indicators.
Transcript Level of Genes Involved in “Rebaudioside A” Biosynthesis Pathway u...Premier Publishers
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant which has recently been used widely as a sweetener. This medicinal plant has some components such as diterpenoid glycosides called steviol glycosides [SGs]. Rebaudioside A is a diterpenoid steviol glycoside which is 300 times sweeter than table sugar. This study was done to investigate the effect of GA3 (50 mg/L) on the expression of 14 genes involved in Rebaudioside A biosynthesis pathway in Stevia rebaudiana under in vitro conditions. The expression of DXS remarkably decreased by day 3. Also, probably because of the negative feedback of GA3 on MEP-drived isoprenes, GGDS transcript level reached its lowest amount after GA3 treatment. The abundance of DXR, CMS, CMK, MCS, and CDPS transcripts showed a significant increase at various days after this treatment. A significant drop in the expression levels of KS and UGT85C2 is detected during the first day. However, expression changes of HDR and KD were not remarkable. Results revealed that the level of transcript of UGT74G1 and UGT76G1 up regulated significantly 4 and 2 times higher than control, respectively. However, more research needs to shed more light on the mechanism of GA3 on gene expression of MEP pathway.
Multivariate Analysis of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Clones on Mor...Premier Publishers
Information on genetic variability for biochemical characters is a prerequisite for improvement of tea quality. Thirteen introduced tea clones characterized with objective; assessing tea clones based on morphological characters at Melko and Gera research stations. The study was conducted during 2017/18 cropping season on experimental plots in RCBD with three replications. Data recorded on morphological traits like days from pruning to harvest, height to first branch, stem diameter, leaf serration density, leaf length, leaf width, leaf size, petiole length, leaf ratio, internode length, shoot length, number of shoot, canopy diameter, hundred shoot weight, fresh leaf yield per tree. Cluster analysis of morphological trait grouped into four clusters indicated, the existence of divergence among the tested clones. The maximum inter-cluster distance was between clusters I and IV (35.27) while the minimum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters I and II (7.8).Principal components analysis showed that the first five principal components with eigenvalues greater than one accounted 86.45% for 15 morphological traits. Generally, the study indicated presence of variability for several morphological traits. However, high morphological variation between clones is not a guarantee for a high genetic variation; therefore, molecular studies need to be considered as complementary to biochemical studies.
Causes, Consequences and Remedies of Juvenile Delinquency in the Context of S...Premier Publishers
This research work was designed to examine nature of juvenile offences committed by juveniles, causes of juvenile delinquency, consequences of juvenile delinquency and remedies for juvenile delinquency in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa with specific reference to Eritrea. Left unchecked, juvenile delinquents on the streets engage in petty theft, take alcohol or drugs, rape women, rob people at night involve themselves in criminal gangs and threaten the public at night. To shed light on the problem of juvenile delinquency in the Sub-Saharan region data was collected through primary and secondary sources. A sample size of 70 juvenile delinquents was selected from among 112 juvenile delinquents in remand at the Asmara Juvenile Rehabilitation Center in the Eritrean capital. The study was carried out through coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 70 juvenile delinquents. The survey evidence indicates that the majority of the juvenile respondents come either from families constructed by unmarried couples or separated or divorced parents where largely the father is missing in the home or dead. The findings also indicate that children born out of wedlock, families led by single mothers, lack of fatherly role models, poor parental-child relationships and negative peer group influence as dominant causes of juvenile infractions. The implication is that broken and stressed families are highly likely to be the breeding grounds for juvenile delinquency. The survey evidence indicates that stealing, truancy or absenteeism from school, rowdy or unruly behavior at school, free-riding in public transportation, damaging the book of fellow students and beating other young persons are the most common forms of juvenile offenses. It is therefore, recommended that parents and guardians should exercise proper parental supervision and give adequate care to transmit positive societal values to children. In addition, the government, the police, prosecution and courts, non-government organizations, parents, teachers, religious leaders, education administrators and other stakeholders should develop a child justice system that strives to prevent children from entering deeper into the criminal justice process.
The Knowledge of and Attitude to and Beliefs about Causes and Treatments of M...Premier Publishers
Stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness are a common occurrence in the Sub-Saharan region including Eritrea. Numerous studies from Sub-Saharan Africa suggest that stigma and discrimination are major problems in the community, with negative attitudes and behavior towards people with mental illness being widespread. In order to assess the whether such negative attitudes persist in the context of Eritrea this study explored the knowledge and perceptions of 90 Eritrean university students at the College of Business and Economics, the University of Asmara regarding the causes and remedies of mental illness A qualitative method involving coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 90 university students to collecting data at the end of 2019. The survey evidence points that almost 50% of the respondents had contact with a mentally ill person suggesting that the significant number of the respondents experienced a first-hand encounter and knowledge of mental illness in their family and community. The findings show an overall greater science-based understanding of the causes of mental illness to be followed by recommended psychiatric treatments. The survey evidence indicates that the top three leading causes of mental illness in the context of Eritrea according to the respondents are brain disease (76%), bad events in the life of the mentally ill person (66%) and substance abuse or alcohol taking, smoking, taking drugs like hashish. (54%). The majority of the respondents have a very sympathetic and positive outlook towards mentally ill persons suggesting that mentally illness does not simply affect a chosen individual rather it can happen to anybody regardless of economic class, social status, ethnicity race and religion. Medical interventions cited by the majority of the respondents as being effective treatments for mental illness centered on the idea that hospitals and clinics for treatment and even cures for psychiatric disease. Changing perceptions of mental illnesses in Eritrea that paralleled the very caring and sympathetic attitudes of the sample university students would require raising public awareness regarding mental illness through education, using the mass media to raise public awareness, integrating mental health into the primary health care system, decentralizing mental health care services to increase access to treatment and providing affordable service to maintain positive treatment outcomes.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on the Growth, Nodulation and Yield of Soybean ...Premier Publishers
This study investigated the effects of phosphorus and zinc on the growth, nodulation, and yield of two soybean varieties in Nigeria. Phosphorus application significantly affected growth, nodulation, yield, and some yield components, with 60 kg P2O5/ha giving the highest growth and yield. Phosphorus also increased nodulation, with 30 kg P2O5/ha providing the highest nodulation. Zinc application did not significantly affect most growth characters or nodulation, except for reducing plant height. Phosphorus increased soybean yield significantly to 1.9 t/ha compared to the control of 1.7 t/ha. Protein and oil contents were not significantly affected by phosphorus but were by zinc
Influence of Harvest Stage on Yield and Yield Components of Orange Fleshed Sw...Premier Publishers
A field experiment was conducted at Adami Tullu Agricultural Research Center in 2018 under rainfed condition with supplementary irrigation to determine the influence of harvest stage on vine yield and tuberous root yield of orange fleshed sweet potato varieties. The experiment consisted of four harvest stages (105, 120, 135 and 150 days after planting) and Kulfo, Tulla and Guntute varieties. A 4 X 3 factorial experiment arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Interaction of harvest stage and variety significantly influenced above ground fresh biomass, vine length, marketable tuberous root weight per hectare, commercial harvest index and harvest index. The highest mean values of above ground fresh biomass (66.12 t/ha) and marketable tuberous root weight (56.39 t/ha) were produced by Guntute variety harvested at 135 days after planting. Based on the results, it can be recommended that, farmers of the study area can grow Guntute variety by harvesting at 135 days after planting to obtain optimum vine and tuberous root yields.
Performance evaluation of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and variability study...Premier Publishers
This study evaluated 13 upland rice varieties over two locations in Ethiopia for yield and other traits. Significant differences were found among varieties for several traits. The highest yielding varieties were Chewaka, Hiddassie, and Fogera 1. Chewaka yielded 5395.8 kg/ha on average, 25.8-35% more than the check. Most varieties matured within 120-130 days. High heritability was found for days to heading, panicle length, and grain yield, indicating these traits can be easily improved through selection. Grain yield also had high genetic variation and heritability with genetic advance, suggesting yield can be improved through selection. This study identified variability that can be used
Response of Hot Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) to Deficit Irrigation in Bennatse...Premier Publishers
This study was conducted at Enchete kebele in Benna-Tsemay Woreda, South Omo Zone to evaluate the response of hot pepper to deficit irrigation on yield and water productivity under furrow irrigation system. The experiment comprised four treatments (100 % of ETc, 85% of ETc, 70 % of ETc and 50% of ETc), respectively. The experiment was laid out in RCBD and replicated four times. The two years combined yield results indicated that, the maximum total yield (20.38 t/ha) was obtained from 100% ETc while minimum yield (12.92 t/ha) was obtained from 50% of ETc deficit irrigation level. The highest WUE 5.22 kg/ha mm-1 was obtained from 50% of ETc. Treatment of 100% ETc irrigation application had highest benefit cost ratio (4.5) than all others treatments. Applying 50% of ETc reduce the yield by 37% when compared to 100 % ETc. Accordingly, to achieve maximum hot pepper yield in areas where water is not scarce, applying 100% ETc irrigation water application level throughout whole growing season under furrow irrigation system is recommended. But, in the study area water scarcity is the major limiting factor for crop production. So, it is possible to get better yield and water productivity of hot pepper when we apply 85% ETc irrigation water throughout growing season under furrow irrigation system.
Harnessing the Power of Agricultural Waste: A Study of Sabo Market, Ikorodu, ...Premier Publishers
Nigeria is still burdened with huge responsibilities of waste disposal because the potential for benefits of proper waste management is yet to be harnessed. The paper evaluates the capacity of the Sabo Cattle market in producing the required quantities of waste from animal dung alongside decomposed fruits with a view to generating renewable energy possibilities for lighting, security and other business activities of the market. It is estimated that about 998 million tons of agricultural waste is produced yearly in the country with organic wastes amounting to 80 percent of the total solid wastes. This can be categorized into biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. The paper evaluates the capacity of the Sabo Cattle market in producing the required quantities of waste from animal dung alongside decomposed fruits with a view to generating renewable energy possibilities for lighting, security and other business activities of the market. The Sabo market was treated as a study case with the adoption of in-depth examinations of the facility, animals and products for sale and waste generated. A combination of experimental, interviews (qualitative) and design simulation (for final phase) was adopted to extract, verify and analyse the data generated from the study. Animal waste samples were subjected to compositional and fibre analysis with results showing that the sample has high potency for biogas production. Biodegradable Wastes are human and animal excreta, agricultural and all degradable wastes. Availability of high quantity of waste generated being organic in Sabo market allows the use of anaerobic digestion to be proposed as a waste to energy technology due to its feasibility for conversion of moist biodegradable wastes into biogas. The study found that at peak supply period during the Islamic festivities, a conservative 300tonnes of animal waste is generated during the week which translates to over 800kilowatts of electricity.
Influence of Conferences and Job Rotation on Job Productivity of Library Staf...Premier Publishers
The general purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of conferences and job rotation on job productivity of library staff in tertiary institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. The survey research design was used for this study using questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. This study covered the entire population of 661. Out of these, 501 copies of the questionnaire representing 75.8% were duly completed and returned for analysis. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the research questions. The finding showed that conferences had no significant influence on the job productivity of library staff in tertiary institutions in Imo State, Nigeria (F cal= 7.86; t-vale =6.177; p >0.005). Finding also showed that job rotation significantly influences job productivity of library staff in tertiary institutions in Imo State, Nigeria (F-cal value= 18.65; t-value = 16.225; P<0.05). This study recommended that, government should ensure that library staff participate in conferences with themes and topics that are relevant to the job they perform and also ensure that there should be proper evaluation and feedback mechanism which aimed to ensuring control and minimize abuse of their development opportunities. Again, there should be written statement of objectives in order to sustain job rotation programmes. Also, that training and development needs of library staff must be identified and analyzed before embarking on job rotation processes as this would help to build skills, competences, specialization and high job productivity.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Structure and Composition of Urinary Calculi of...Premier Publishers
This document summarizes a study on the scanning electron microscopic structure and chemical composition of urinary calculi (stones) found in geriatric dogs. Microscopic examination of urine samples revealed increased numbers of blood cells, epithelial cells, pus cells, casts, bacteria and crystals of various shapes, predominantly struvite, calcium oxalate dihydrate and monohydrate, and ammonium urate. Scanning electron microscopy showed perpendicular columnar strata of struvite crystals and wavy phases of uric acid. Chemical analysis identified calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate and urea stones. The study characterized the microscopic and electron microscopic appearance of crystals and chemical composition of urinary calculi in geriatric dogs.
Gentrification and its Effects on Minority Communities – A Comparative Case S...Premier Publishers
This paper does a comparative analysis of four global cities and their minority districts which have been experiencing the same structural pressure of gentrification. The main contribution of this paper is providing a detailed comparison of four micro geographies worldwide and the impacts of gentrification on them: Barrio Logan in San Diego, Bo-Kaap in Cape Town, the Mission District in San Francisco, and the Rudolfsheim-Fünfhaus District in Vienna. All four cities have been experiencing the displacement of minority communities due to increases in property values. These cities were chosen because their governments enacted different policies to temper the gentrification process. It was found that cities which implemented social housing and cultural inclusionary policies were more successful in maintaining the cultural and demographic make-up of the districts.
Oil and Fatty Acid Composition Analysis of Ethiopian Mustard (Brasicacarinata...Premier Publishers
The experiments was conducted at Holetta Agricultural Research Center, to analyze forty nine Ethiopian Mustard land races for oil and fatty acid composition traits The experiment was carried out in a simple lattice design. The analysis of variance showed that there were highly significant differences among genotypes for all oil and fatty acid traits compared. The significant difference indicates the existence of genetic variability among the land races which is important for improvement
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
2. Identifying Malaria Hazard Areas Using GIS and Multi Criteria: The Case Study at East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Addis et al. 133
Fig.1: Location Map of the study area
large extents of complex information. The principle of the
method is to divide the decision problems into smaller
understandable parts, to analyze each part separately and
then to integrate the parts in a logical manner (Malczewski,
1997). The purpose of this study is to use ArcGIS tools to
identify the malaria hazard areas in the study area
integrated with multi-criteria decision analysis method,
which consists of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
and weighted linear combination (WLC) methods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Area
East Gojjam Administrative Zone is one of the eleven
Zones of Amhara National Regional State and constitutes
20 Woredas (16 rural woredas, and 4 town administration
Woredas). It is bordered on the south by the Oromia
Region, on the west by Mirab Gojjam, on the north by
Debub Gondar, and on the east by Debub Wollo; the bend
of the Abay River defines the Zone's northern, eastern and
southern boundaries. Its highest point is Mount Choqa
(also known as Mount Birhan). According from UTM
coordinate system, the location of the town is
approximately between 287743m – 449349m East and
1088275m –1242618m North (Figure 1).
Methods
East Gojjam zone was selected to identify malaria hazard
areas. For this Multi Criteria Analysis was used for creating
various layers to be used in GIS domain to produce a
single output map. The weights were developed by
providing a series of pair wise comparisons of relative
importance. Based on experience and likely impact on
surrounding environment different weights were assigned
to all the parameters. Weighted linear combination was
used to produce the suitability of malaria hazard map. As
for the final weighted factor map is a weighted linear
combination of factor maps, an equation (1) as following:
S = Σ wi xi (1)
where, S = suitability, wi = weight of factor i and xi = factor
map i.
3. Identifying Malaria Hazard Areas Using GIS and Multi Criteria: The Case Study at East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Int. J. Geogr. Reg. Plan. 134
Fig. 2: Flow chart of the methodology
Table 1: Data type and their sources
No. Types of
Datasets
Format Sources
1 Surface water
(river/streams)
Vector,
Shape file
Interpretation of ASTER
GDEM 30m image
2 Soil texture Vector,
Shape file
Minister of Water and
Energy, Addis Ababa
3 Slope Raster Interpretation of ASTER
GDEM 30m image
4 Elevation/
altitude
Raster Interpretation of ASTER
GDEM 30m image
5 Temperature Vector,
Shape file
Ethiopia National
Meteorological Service
Agency, Addis Ababa
6 Rainfall Vector,
Shape file
Ethiopia National
Meteorological Service
Agency, Addis Ababa
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Factors for Identify Malaria Hazard Areas
Slope
Slope is one of the topographical factors that have a
bearing on the incidence of malaria. It is vital to include
slope factor with other factors to assess for the malaria risk
in community. This is because slope determines the
mosquito’s larva habitat formation (Dilip et al., 2016). If a
particular area that composed of steepest slopes, then
there will be no chance of mosquitoes’ lava habitat
formation, and hence area would have a negative
influence to malaria incidence. If a particular area has a
gentle slope, then mosquito’s’ larva formation is possible,
hence leading to more positive bearing in malaria
incidence.
Fig. 3: Slope map
Table 2: Classification, ranking and weighting of Slope
factor
Factor Weight Class Rank Degree of hazard
Slope
(degree) 0.1
0-2 4 Very High
Suitability
2-5 3 High Suitability
5-10 2 Moderate
Suitability
>10 1 Low Suitability
Altitude
Altitude is one of the prominent factors; that was used to
assess malaria hazard in the study area. The whole idea
into integrating altitude factor for assessing the malaria
hazard or risk is that of temperature difference within coast
areas and mountainous areas of the study area. The
higher terrain or high mountains have low temperature
compared to low land areas that do have high temperature.
Thus, mosquito’s habitats are well suited with low land
areas, where the temperature is relatively higher.
Communities living in highlands are subjected to fewer
malaria incidence compared to communities living in low
land areas where the chance of vector induced infections
is high because most mosquito’s’ habitats are found in low
laying areas. Higher altitude depicts less malaria risk while
low altitude depicts more malaria risk problems based on
high or low temperature (Dilip et al., 2016).
4. Identifying Malaria Hazard Areas Using GIS and Multi Criteria: The Case Study at East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Addis et al. 135
Fig. 4: Altitude map
Table 3: Classification, ranking and weighting of Altitude
factor
Factor Weight Class Rank Degree of hazard
Altitude
(meter)
0.35
840-
1760
4 Very High
Suitability
1760-
2260
3 High Suitability
2260-
2500
2 Moderate
Suitability
2500-
4060
1 Low Suitability
Rainfall
Rainfall plays a significant role in creating favorable for
malaria transmission and also the high source of water is
more comfortable for malaria breeding. When there is a
heavy rainfall, thus mosquito breeding is unfavorable
during the rainy period since excessive rains cause
flushing, thus killing immature stages to complete its life
cycle to be an adult.
Fig. 5: Rainfall map
Table 4: Classification, ranking and weighting of Rainfall
factor
Factor Weight Class Rank Degree of
hazard
Annual
rainfall (mm)
0.15
200-
300
1 Low
Suitability
300-
400
2 Moderate
Suitability
400-
450
3 High
Suitability
450-
500
4 Very High
Suitability
Temperature
The ranges of minimum and maximum temperature greatly
affect the development of the malaria parasite and its
mosquito vector, which determines malaria transmission
(Zewag, 2016). This indicates that, the temperature is
greater than 400C the malaria transmission is high and the
temperature is below 160C no malaria transmission
(Ezeigbo, 1998).
Fig. 6: Temperature Map
Table 5: Classification, ranking and weighting of
Temperature factor
Factor Weight Class Rank Degree of
hazard
Annual
temperature
(0c)
0.2
16-
18
1 Low Suitability
18-
20
2 Moderate
Suitability
20-
21
3 High Suitability
21-
23
4 Very High
Suitability
5. Identifying Malaria Hazard Areas Using GIS and Multi Criteria: The Case Study at East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia
Int. J. Geogr. Reg. Plan. 136
Distance from Rivers
River is one of the various water bodies which are used for
malaria transmission. Breeding of mosquito is related with
different water sources. River is one among several of
these Mosquito requires still or slow-moving water to lay
its eggs and to complete its life cycle to be an adult
(Alemayehu, 2011). Water diverted from rivers for different
purposes and in case of over flow becomes still and favor
mosquito egg laying. This influences the particular area
with increased mosquito breeding and malaria prevalence.
Conducting irrigation practices and developing agricultural
projects around rivers can produce still water and as a
result, the changing ecosystem can cause an increase in
abundance of mosquitoes. The distance was reclassified
based on the maximum distance that mosquitoes can fly.
Fig. 7: Distance from River map
Table 6: Classification, ranking and weighting of River
factor
Factor Weight Class Rank Degree of
hazard
Distance
from
river
(meter)
0.15
0-500m 4 Very High
Suitability
500-
1500m
3 High Suitability
1500-
4500m
2 Moderate
Suitability
>4500m 1 Low Suitability
Soil Types
The study area of soil data was obtained from minster of
water and energy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Abbay Basin
Soil shape file). Based on Food and Agricultural
Organization (2006), soil classification system, the study
area consists of eleven soil types. The soil layer of the
study area was classified according to their degree of hold
moisture and being permeable or impermeable.
Fig. 8: Soil map
Table 7: Classification, ranking and weighting of Soil types
factor
Factor Weight Class Rank Degree of
hazard
Soil types
based on
permeability
0.05
leptosols, eutric
fluvisols, orthic
acrisols, and
eutric regosols
1 Low
Suitability
Pellic vertisols,
chromic
cambisols,
luvisols and
vertisols, dystric
and eutric
nitisols, and
eutric cambisols
3 High
Suitability
Water body 4 Very High
Suitability
Identified Malaria Hazard Areas
In this study, some of the factors are considered to identify
malaria hazard areas. The factors are elevation, slope,
and distance from rivers, rainfall, and temperature and soil
types of malaria occurrence in the study area. It
determines number of occurrence of mosquitoes in an
area, thus these leads to overlaying of each factor to
establish and identify malaria hazard in an area. The
malaria hazard map that was prepared was derived from
several factors. The factors were ranked, according to the
degree of importance that have for the occurrence of
malaria in an area. Due to different opinions and views in
assigning rankings and weightings to each factor and their
classes based on the previous studies and experts by
using weighted linear combination method. In this study,
the final output map of malaria hazard after overlaying six
factors namely; Altitude, slope, distance from rivers,
temperature, rainfall and soil types was weighted and
ranked in ArcGIS 10.4 using weighted overlay analysis
tool, shown the following (Figure 9).