AEROSPACE AND REMOTE SENSING

1. TOPIC: AERO-SPACE SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING:
APPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE, PRESENT STATUS OF REMOTE
SENSING IN INDIA.
ASSIGNMENT
SUBJECT : AGRO-5112 AGRO-METEOROLOGY AND CROP WEATHER
FORECASTING.
SUBMITTED TO:
MISS.RAMANDEEP KAUR
SUBMITTED BY:
NAME: ADIT SINGLA
CLASS: M.Sc. (AGRI.) AGRONOMY
UNI. ROLL NO. : 21-M-AGRI-017
BATCH: 2021-23

2.  Aerospace is a term used to collectively refer to the
atmosphere and outer space.
 Aerospace activity is very diverse, with a multitude of
commercial, industrial and military applications.
 Aerospace Science is the collective name for the various
sciences involved in the creation and operation of
aircraft.
 Aerospace Science is descended from nautical science, the
science of seagoing vessels, and can be distinguished from
astronautical science, which is concerned with spacecraft
AERO-SPACE SCIENCE

3.  Remote sensing provides information about objects at or near the
surface of the Earth and atmosphere based on radiation reflected or
emitted from those objects.
 The information is usually captured at a distance from above in the
form of image data.
 Such data allow us to determine the composition and nature of the
Earth’s surface and atmosphere from local to global scales, and
assess changes by analyzing images captured at different points in
time.
 The most useful electromagnetic radiation in remote sensing
includes: Visible Light (VIS), Near Infra Red (NIR) and Short Wave
Infra Red (SWIR), To Thermal Infra Red (TIR) and Microwave
bands.
REMOTE SENSING

4. REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENT
 Remote-sensing instruments are often categorized as
having either : Active or Passive Sensors.
 An Active sensor generates its own signal which is
subsequently measured when reflected back by the
Earth’s surface. Example: Radar and Lidar.
 A Passive sensor measures solar energy that is either
reflected or emitted from features on the Earth’s
surface. Example: Multispectral and Hyper spectral
sensors.

5. APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING IN AGRICULTURE
There are many applications of remote sensing in the
agricultural sector. below is a summary of these applications.
1) Crop Production Forecasting: Remote sensing is used to
forecast the expected crop production and yield over a given
area and determine how much of the crop will be harvested
under specific conditions. Researchers can be able to predict
the quantity of crop in a given farmland over a given period.
2) Assessment of Crop Damage and Crop Progress: In the
event of crop damage or crop progress, remote sensing
technology can be used to penetrate the farmland and
determine exactly how much of a given crop has been
damaged and the progress of the remaining crop in the farm.

6. 3) Crop Identification: Remote sensing has played an important
role in crop identification especially in cases where the crop
under observation shows some mysterious characteristics. The
crop data collected will be taken to labs where various aspects
of crop including the crop culture are studied
4) Crop Acreage Estimation: Remote sensing has also played a
very important role in the estimation of the farmland on which a
crop has been planted. This is usually a cumbersome
procedure if it is carried out manually because of the vast sizes
of the lands being estimated.
5) Crop Yield Modeling and Estimation: Remote sensing also
allows farmers and experts to predict the expected crop yield
from a given farmland by estimating the quality of the crop and
the extent of the farmland. This is then used to determine the
overall expected yield of the crop.
6) Identification of Pests and Disease Infestation: Remote
sensing technology plays a significant role in identification of
pests in farmland and gives data on the right pests control
mechanism to get rid of the pests and diseases on the farm.
7) Soil Moisture Estimation: Soil moisture can be difficult to
measure without the help of remote sensing technology.
Remote sensing gives the soil moisture data and helps in
determining the quantity of moisture in the soil and hence the
type of crop that can be grown in the soil.

7. 8) Soil Mapping: Soil mapping is one of the most common yet
most important uses of remote sensing. Through soil mapping,
farmers are able to tell which soils are ideal for which crops and
which soil require irrigation and which ones do not. This
information helps in precision agriculture.
9) Monitoring of Droughts: Remote sensing technology is used
to monitor the weather pattern of a given area. The technology
also monitors drought patterns of the area too. The information
can be used to predict the rainfall patterns of an area and also
tell the time difference between the current rainfall and the next
rainfall which helps to keep track of the drought.
10) Water Resources Mapping: Remote sensing is instrumental in
the mapping of water resources that can be used for agriculture
over a given farmland. Through remote sensing, farmers can
tell where water resources are available for use over a given
land and whether the resources are adequate.

8. PRESENT STATUS OF REMOTE SENSING IN INDIA
Today, India has the world’s largest constellation of remote sensing satellites in
operation which is being extensively used for resource management and
integrated planning for national development.
ELECTRO OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING PROGRAM OF ISRO

9.  India's remote sensing program was developed with the idea of applying
space technologies for the benefit of humankind and the development of the
country. The program involved the development of three principal
capabilities. The first was to design, build and launch satellites to a sun
synchronous orbit.
 Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) at Dehradun is a premier
institute with the objective of capacity building in Remote Sensing and
Geo-informatics and their applications through education and training
programs at postgraduate level.
 The IRS-1A satellite, with its LISS-I and LISS-II sensors quickly enabled
India to map, monitor and manage its natural resources at coarse and
medium spatial resolutions.
 There are five Regional Remote Sensing Service Centres (RRSSCs)in India.
They are located at Bangalore, Jodhpur, Kolkata, Delhi (previously in
Dehradun), and Nagpur. All of these are integrated with National Remote
Sensing Centre (NRSC) located in Hyderabad.

10. CONCLUSION
Remote sensing technique is widely used to protect and
preserve the environment by providing information that may
be used in decision making to save the environment. Sensors
can detect the physical characteristics of an area by
measuring its reflected and emitted radiation.