This document summarizes a study on the scanning electron microscopic structure and chemical composition of urinary calculi (stones) found in geriatric dogs. Microscopic examination of urine samples revealed increased numbers of blood cells, epithelial cells, pus cells, casts, bacteria and crystals of various shapes, predominantly struvite, calcium oxalate dihydrate and monohydrate, and ammonium urate. Scanning electron microscopy showed perpendicular columnar strata of struvite crystals and wavy phases of uric acid. Chemical analysis identified calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate and urea stones. The study characterized the microscopic and electron microscopic appearance of crystals and chemical composition of urinary calculi in geriatric dogs.
SIMONA CAVALU_IDENTIFICATION OF THE URINARY STONE COMPOSITION UPON EXTRACORPO...Simona Cavalu
Abstract. The study was carried out to investigate the composition and type of different urinary
stones upon application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. ATR FTIR spectra revealed the
marker bands of a mixed stone composition containing calcium oxalate monohydrate/ calcium
carbonate, respectively calcium oxalate monohydrate/cystine. The surface morphology of the samples
and elemental analysis was performed by SEM-EDAX confirming the presence of oxalate, carbonate
and cystine in the samples. Combination of FTIR spectroscopy and SEM-EDAX allowed quantitative
and qualitative evaluation of components, the spatial distribution and the percent of major and trace
elements present in a single sample.
Urinary stone evaluation in laboratory and clinical significanceSanjeev Mehta
Urinary Stones or Urolithiasis is a common, painful and destructive disease. It has a habit of recurrence. About half of Stones recur with in 5 to 7 years of first episode.
Stone disease tests are very useful to know cause of Stone formation. This is essential for focal prophylactic treatment to prevent recurrance.
SIMONA CAVALU_IDENTIFICATION OF THE URINARY STONE COMPOSITION UPON EXTRACORPO...Simona Cavalu
Abstract. The study was carried out to investigate the composition and type of different urinary
stones upon application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. ATR FTIR spectra revealed the
marker bands of a mixed stone composition containing calcium oxalate monohydrate/ calcium
carbonate, respectively calcium oxalate monohydrate/cystine. The surface morphology of the samples
and elemental analysis was performed by SEM-EDAX confirming the presence of oxalate, carbonate
and cystine in the samples. Combination of FTIR spectroscopy and SEM-EDAX allowed quantitative
and qualitative evaluation of components, the spatial distribution and the percent of major and trace
elements present in a single sample.
Urinary stone evaluation in laboratory and clinical significanceSanjeev Mehta
Urinary Stones or Urolithiasis is a common, painful and destructive disease. It has a habit of recurrence. About half of Stones recur with in 5 to 7 years of first episode.
Stone disease tests are very useful to know cause of Stone formation. This is essential for focal prophylactic treatment to prevent recurrance.
Stone disease evaluation in Pathology laboratory: Current prospective.Sanjeev Mehta
Urinary Stone disease is painful and destructive disease. It has a bad habit of recurrence. Patients need to be thoroughly investigated and now due to advancements in laboratory, it is possible to know exact cause of stone formation in about 90% cases. This helps in focal prophylactic treatment to effectively stop recurrence.
Urinary Stone disease : Metabolic work up and its significaanceDr. Sanjeev Mehta
Urinary Stone disease is having bad habit of recurrence. Its painful and destructive disease. A thorough 24 hrs Urine Metabolic profile and Stone analysis can found cause of stone disease in 90% cases. This guides clinicians to focally treat patient and prevent stone recurrance.
Urinary Stone analysis
A kidney stone is a hard mass developed from crystals that separate from the urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney.
Age Related Histomorphological and Transmission Electron Microscopic Studies ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Lead Acetate Induced histopathological Changes in Kidney Tissue of RatIOSRJAVS
One of the pollutants that can effect on the life of living animates is lead in different ways; it has toxic problem for human and animals and is gathered in the tissues and guide to harmful effects in their. The current study was carry out to investigate the histological effects caused by lead in the rat. The study was performed on 30 rat, they were divided into 3 groups. The first group was control group that received distilled water. The second groups were orally administered lead acetate 9 mg/l of body weight for 10 days. The third groups were orally administered solution of lead. The rats were anesthetized, the kidney were removed for histological studies. Histological changes which observed in the kidney were fatty degeneration, destruction tubules, and congestion within connective tissue, hemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells. In this study, harmful toxic effects observed in kidney of rats.
Stone disease evaluation in Pathology laboratory: Current prospective.Sanjeev Mehta
Urinary Stone disease is painful and destructive disease. It has a bad habit of recurrence. Patients need to be thoroughly investigated and now due to advancements in laboratory, it is possible to know exact cause of stone formation in about 90% cases. This helps in focal prophylactic treatment to effectively stop recurrence.
Urinary Stone disease : Metabolic work up and its significaanceDr. Sanjeev Mehta
Urinary Stone disease is having bad habit of recurrence. Its painful and destructive disease. A thorough 24 hrs Urine Metabolic profile and Stone analysis can found cause of stone disease in 90% cases. This guides clinicians to focally treat patient and prevent stone recurrance.
Urinary Stone analysis
A kidney stone is a hard mass developed from crystals that separate from the urine and build up on the inner surfaces of the kidney.
Age Related Histomorphological and Transmission Electron Microscopic Studies ...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
Lead Acetate Induced histopathological Changes in Kidney Tissue of RatIOSRJAVS
One of the pollutants that can effect on the life of living animates is lead in different ways; it has toxic problem for human and animals and is gathered in the tissues and guide to harmful effects in their. The current study was carry out to investigate the histological effects caused by lead in the rat. The study was performed on 30 rat, they were divided into 3 groups. The first group was control group that received distilled water. The second groups were orally administered lead acetate 9 mg/l of body weight for 10 days. The third groups were orally administered solution of lead. The rats were anesthetized, the kidney were removed for histological studies. Histological changes which observed in the kidney were fatty degeneration, destruction tubules, and congestion within connective tissue, hemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells. In this study, harmful toxic effects observed in kidney of rats.
Analytical Study of Urine Samples for Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection...iosrphr_editor
The current study was carried out in District Abbottabad aimed to determine the common urinary
tract infections in local community to determine the epidemiology of significant diseases in asymptomatic patients
of renal disorder. In this study a total of 1000 urine samples were examined during 3rd February to 1st April 2015
from patients attending Ayub Teaching Hospital Abbottabad by using dipstick and microscopic analysis of urine.
There were 638 females and 362 males patients examined during this period. The range of age groups is between
1.5 years to 80 years. Results of this study was reported as Pyuria 11%, Proteinuria 21.1%, Hematuria 10.4%,
Epithelial Cells 8.2%, pH 7.8 %, Granular casts 7.3%, Triple phosphate 6.6%, Calcium oxalate 6.4%, Glycosuria
6.3%, Bacteria 6.2% and mucous 4.1%. This study concludes that routing urinalysis should be performed for all
individuals to diagnose the asymptomatic diseases that will help in simple therapeutic measurements as urinalysis
is a simple step to determine the root of Urinary tract disorders.
Nephrotic syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease of Western Odisha, India: A case re...inventionjournals
Sickle cell disease causes a distinct pattern of glomerular dysfunction. Subjects with sickle cell disease (SCD) are known to develop many potential functional and structural renal abnormalities. Glomerular hypertension and hyper filtration are thought to play a major role in the development of glomerular disease in subjects with SCD. We reported 5 unusual cases of sickle cell disease presenting as nephrotic syndrome. KEYWORDS- Nephrotic syndrome, sickle cell disease
Nephrotic syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease of Western Odisha, India: A case re...inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Estimation of stones in gallbladder with FT-IR | JBES Journals @slideshareInnspub Net
Forty (40) specimens of the gallstones were taken from the infected peoples who were admitted and cured in the Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences for Women, Shaheed Benazirabad, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. In our work gallstones (total 40) were found in the age ranges from 20-60 years for male (07) patients and from 20-65 years for female (33) patients. The greatest ratio of gallstones was found 21/40 in the age ranges 36-50 years of affected peoples. The occurrence of gallstones was higher in females than males and sex ratio was found to be 1:4.7 male to female. The size and weight of gallstones vary and the size and weight of pure cholesterol stones were calculated as 0.36-2.27cm and 0.231-0.964g respectively while calcium carbonate stones were as 0.8-2.1cm and 0.305-0.646g respectively and 1.4-2.2cm size and 0.307-0.853g weight for calcium billirubinate gallstones were measured. In current work the cholesterol gallstone was the most common type of gallstones. The 28 (70%) of sample stones were detected as pure cholesterol gallstones while pure calcium carbonate were 05 (12.5%) and 07 (17.5%) were calcium bilirubinate out of 40 specimens of gallstones. The 28 gallstones were irregular and 12 were round in shape. Moreover, From 40 gallstone specimens 29 were found with smooth surfaces while 11 were with rough surfaces.
Epithelial reticular Cells of Egyptian Water buffalo (Bosbubalis)IOSRJAVS
Thymus obtained from10 clinically healthy Egyptian water male buffalo (Bosbubalis). Their ages ranged between 2to 3 years old. The thymus of Egyptian water buffalo was divided by septa into many lobules; each lobule had outer, cortex and inner medulla. The epithelial reticular cells were classified according to their staining affinity, morphology and position into 4 types, three were found within the cortex and one in the medulla. In cortex epithelia reticular cells type I (ER 1) had elongated nucleus of irregular or triangular shape with marginal heterochromatin clumps along the nuclear membrane. Epithelial reticular cells type II(ER II) were irregular in shape with pale stained cytoplasm and the nuclei were large and spherical having euchromatin. Epithial reticular cells type III(ERIII) were characterized by large nucleus of irregular shape having marginal heterochromatin .In medulla epithelial reticular (ER) cells of type IV, they were the largest epithelial cells forming the unique elements of the thymic medulla (Hassall's corpuscles)). Cytoplasm was occupied by many small vacuoles ,very large vacuole appeared in the cytoplasm pushed the nucleus into one side.
ABSTRACT- The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cadmium chloride on Histoarchiteceture of head kidney of fresh water fish Heteropneustes fossilis. The fishes were exposed to 0.5 ppm of cadmium chloride for 21 days. The most remarkable changes in head kidney, due to cadmium chloride were lysed condition of interrenal and chromaffin cells. The traces of cytoplasm had dark brown to black coloured cytoplasm. Most of cells are deformed and necrotic condition. Their size was significant at (P< 0.01 and 0.001) increased after cadmium chloride. All these changes will be recovered by herbal compound i.e. Ashwagandha. The damaged tissues were recovered in already treated group.
Key-words- Ashwagandha, Cadmium chloride, Chromaffin cells, Heteropneustes fossilis, Histopathology, Interrenal cells
Evaluation of Agro-morphological Performances of Hybrid Varieties of Chili Pe...Premier Publishers
In Benin, chilli pepper is a widely consumed as vegetable whose production requires the use of performant varieties. This work assessed, at Parakou and Malanville, the performance of six F1 hybrids of chilli including five imported (Laali, Laser, Nandi, Kranti, Nandita) and one local (De cayenne), in completely randomized block design at four replications and 15 plants per elementary plot. Agro-morphological data were collected and submitted to analysis of variance and factor analysis of mixed data. The results showed the effects of variety, location and their interactions were highly significant for most of the growth, earliness and yield traits. Imported hybrid varieties showed the best performances compared to the local one. Multivariate analysis revealed that 'De cayenne' was earlier, short in size, thin-stemmed, red fruits and less yielding (≈ 1 t.ha-1). The imported hybrids LaaliF1 and KrantiF1 were of strong vegetative vigor, more yielding (> 6 t.ha-1) by developing larger, long and hard fruits. Other hybrids showed intermediate performances. This study highlighted the importance of imported hybrids in improving yield and preservation of chili fruits. However, stability and adaptation analyses to local conditions are necessary for their adoption.
An Empirical Approach for the Variation in Capital Market Price Changes Premier Publishers
The chances of an investor in the stock market depends mainly on some certain decisions in respect to equilibrium prices, which is the condition of a system competing favorably and effectively. This paper considered a stochastic model which was latter transformed to non-linear ordinary differential equation where stock volatility was used as a key parameter. The analytical solution was obtained which determined the equilibrium prices. A theorem was developed and proved to show that the proposed mathematical model follows a normal distribution since it has a symmetric property. Finally, graphical results were presented and the effects of the relevant parameters were discussed.
Influence of Nitrogen and Spacing on Growth and Yield of Chia (Salvia hispani...Premier Publishers
Chia is an emerging cash crop in Kenya and its production is inhibited by lack of agronomic management information. A field experiment was conducted in February-June and May-August 2021, to determine the influence of nitrogen and spacing on growth and yield of Chia. A randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement was used with four nitrogen rates as the main plots (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N ha-1) and three spacing (30 cm x 15 cm (s1), 30 cm x 30 cm (s2), 50 cm x 50 cm (s3)). Application of 120 kg N ha-1 significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth and seed yield of Chia. Stem height, branches, stem diameter and leaves increased by 23-28%, 11-13%, 43-55% and 59-88% respectively. Spacing s3 significantly increased (p≤0.05) vegetative growth. An increase of 27-74%, 36-45% and 73-107% was recorded in number of leaves, stem diameter and dry weight, respectively. Chia yield per plant was significantly higher (p≤0.05) in s3. However, when expressed per unit area, s1 significantly produced higher yields. The study recommends 120 kg N ha-1 or higher nitrogen rates and a closer spacing of 15 cm x 30 cm as the best option for Chia production in Kenya.
Enhancing Social Capital During the Pandemic: A Case of the Rural Women in Bu...Premier Publishers
Social capital plays an essential role in empowering people for social and economic change even during the pandemic. A livelihood project of the government was implemented among the members of a women’s association of a disadvantaged upland community in Bukidnon province, Southern Philippines for inclusive development. This study was conducted to determine the influence of some socio-economic attributes and the change in the knowledge level on the social capital of the rural women amidst the pandemic. The activities of the project were implemented considering the health protocols imposed by the government during the health crisis. The findings revealed that the trainings conducted resulted to a positive change in the knowledge level among the rural women. This facilitated the production of vegetables for their households and generated additional income very necessary during the pandemic especially that other economic activities were hindered. Similarly, there was a significant increase in the social capital of the rural women during the last two years. The main occupation, sources of income and their ethnicity significantly influenced the social capital of the rural women. The rural development workers and policymakers must consider the social capital of the group in the implementation of poverty alleviation programs.
Impact of Provision of Litigation Supports through Forensic Investigations on...Premier Publishers
This paper presents an argument through the fraud triangle theory that the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations in relation to corporate fraud cases is adequate for effective prosecution of perpetrators as well as corporate fraud prevention. To support this argument, this study operationalized provision of litigation supports through forensic audit and investigations, data mining for trends and patterns, and fraud data collection and preparation. A sample of 500 respondents was drawn from the population of professional accountants and legal practitioners in Nigeria. Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and this was mailed to the respective respondents. Resulting responses were analyzed using the OLS multiple regression techniques via the SPSS statistical software. The results reveal that the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations, fraud data mining for trends and patterns and fraud data collection and preparation for court proceedings have a positive and significant impact on corporate fraud prevention in Nigeria. This study therefore recommends that regulators should promote the provision of litigation supports through forensic audits and investigations in relation to corporate fraud cases in publicly listed firms in Nigeria, as this will help provide reports that are acceptable in court proceedings.
Improving the Efficiency of Ratio Estimators by Calibration WeightingsPremier Publishers
It is observed that the performances of most improved ratio estimators depend on some optimality conditions that need to be satisfied to guarantee better estimator. This paper develops a new approach to ratio estimation that produces a more efficient class of ratio estimators that do not depend on any optimality conditions for optimum performance using calibration weightings. The relative performances of the proposed calibration ratio estimators are compared with a corresponding global [Generalized Regression (GREG)] estimator. Results of analysis showed that the proposed calibration ratio estimators are substantially superior to the traditional GREG-estimator with relatively small bias, mean square error, average length of confidence interval and coverage probability. In general, the proposed calibration ratio estimators are more efficient than all existing estimators considered in the study.
Urban Liveability in the Context of Sustainable Development: A Perspective fr...Premier Publishers
Urbanization and quality of urban life are mutually related and however it varies geographically and regionally. With unprecedented growth of urban centres, challenge against urban development is more in terms of how to enhance quality of urban life and liveability. Making sense of and measuring urban liveability of urban places has become a crucial step in the context of sustainable development paradigm. Geographical regions depict variations in nature of urban development and consequently level of urban liveability. The coastal regain of West Bengal faces unusual challenges caused by increasing urbanization, uncontrolled growth, and expansion of economic activities like tourism and changing environmental quality. The present study offers a perspective on urban liveability of urban places located in coastal region comprising of Purba Medinipur and South 24 Parganas districts. The study uses the liveability standards covering four major pillars- institutional, social, economic and physical and their indicators. This leads to develop a City Liveability Index to rank urban places of the region, higher the index values better the urban liveability. The data for the purpose is collected from various secondary sources. Study finds that the eastern coastal region of the country covering state of West Bengal depicts variations in index of liveability determined by physical, economic, social and institutional indicators.
Transcript Level of Genes Involved in “Rebaudioside A” Biosynthesis Pathway u...Premier Publishers
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a plant which has recently been used widely as a sweetener. This medicinal plant has some components such as diterpenoid glycosides called steviol glycosides [SGs]. Rebaudioside A is a diterpenoid steviol glycoside which is 300 times sweeter than table sugar. This study was done to investigate the effect of GA3 (50 mg/L) on the expression of 14 genes involved in Rebaudioside A biosynthesis pathway in Stevia rebaudiana under in vitro conditions. The expression of DXS remarkably decreased by day 3. Also, probably because of the negative feedback of GA3 on MEP-drived isoprenes, GGDS transcript level reached its lowest amount after GA3 treatment. The abundance of DXR, CMS, CMK, MCS, and CDPS transcripts showed a significant increase at various days after this treatment. A significant drop in the expression levels of KS and UGT85C2 is detected during the first day. However, expression changes of HDR and KD were not remarkable. Results revealed that the level of transcript of UGT74G1 and UGT76G1 up regulated significantly 4 and 2 times higher than control, respectively. However, more research needs to shed more light on the mechanism of GA3 on gene expression of MEP pathway.
Multivariate Analysis of Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Clones on Mor...Premier Publishers
Information on genetic variability for biochemical characters is a prerequisite for improvement of tea quality. Thirteen introduced tea clones characterized with objective; assessing tea clones based on morphological characters at Melko and Gera research stations. The study was conducted during 2017/18 cropping season on experimental plots in RCBD with three replications. Data recorded on morphological traits like days from pruning to harvest, height to first branch, stem diameter, leaf serration density, leaf length, leaf width, leaf size, petiole length, leaf ratio, internode length, shoot length, number of shoot, canopy diameter, hundred shoot weight, fresh leaf yield per tree. Cluster analysis of morphological trait grouped into four clusters indicated, the existence of divergence among the tested clones. The maximum inter-cluster distance was between clusters I and IV (35.27) while the minimum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters I and II (7.8).Principal components analysis showed that the first five principal components with eigenvalues greater than one accounted 86.45% for 15 morphological traits. Generally, the study indicated presence of variability for several morphological traits. However, high morphological variation between clones is not a guarantee for a high genetic variation; therefore, molecular studies need to be considered as complementary to biochemical studies.
Causes, Consequences and Remedies of Juvenile Delinquency in the Context of S...Premier Publishers
This research work was designed to examine nature of juvenile offences committed by juveniles, causes of juvenile delinquency, consequences of juvenile delinquency and remedies for juvenile delinquency in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa with specific reference to Eritrea. Left unchecked, juvenile delinquents on the streets engage in petty theft, take alcohol or drugs, rape women, rob people at night involve themselves in criminal gangs and threaten the public at night. To shed light on the problem of juvenile delinquency in the Sub-Saharan region data was collected through primary and secondary sources. A sample size of 70 juvenile delinquents was selected from among 112 juvenile delinquents in remand at the Asmara Juvenile Rehabilitation Center in the Eritrean capital. The study was carried out through coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 70 juvenile delinquents. The survey evidence indicates that the majority of the juvenile respondents come either from families constructed by unmarried couples or separated or divorced parents where largely the father is missing in the home or dead. The findings also indicate that children born out of wedlock, families led by single mothers, lack of fatherly role models, poor parental-child relationships and negative peer group influence as dominant causes of juvenile infractions. The implication is that broken and stressed families are highly likely to be the breeding grounds for juvenile delinquency. The survey evidence indicates that stealing, truancy or absenteeism from school, rowdy or unruly behavior at school, free-riding in public transportation, damaging the book of fellow students and beating other young persons are the most common forms of juvenile offenses. It is therefore, recommended that parents and guardians should exercise proper parental supervision and give adequate care to transmit positive societal values to children. In addition, the government, the police, prosecution and courts, non-government organizations, parents, teachers, religious leaders, education administrators and other stakeholders should develop a child justice system that strives to prevent children from entering deeper into the criminal justice process.
The Knowledge of and Attitude to and Beliefs about Causes and Treatments of M...Premier Publishers
Stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness are a common occurrence in the Sub-Saharan region including Eritrea. Numerous studies from Sub-Saharan Africa suggest that stigma and discrimination are major problems in the community, with negative attitudes and behavior towards people with mental illness being widespread. In order to assess the whether such negative attitudes persist in the context of Eritrea this study explored the knowledge and perceptions of 90 Eritrean university students at the College of Business and Economics, the University of Asmara regarding the causes and remedies of mental illness A qualitative method involving coded self-administered questionnaires administered to a sample of 90 university students to collecting data at the end of 2019. The survey evidence points that almost 50% of the respondents had contact with a mentally ill person suggesting that the significant number of the respondents experienced a first-hand encounter and knowledge of mental illness in their family and community. The findings show an overall greater science-based understanding of the causes of mental illness to be followed by recommended psychiatric treatments. The survey evidence indicates that the top three leading causes of mental illness in the context of Eritrea according to the respondents are brain disease (76%), bad events in the life of the mentally ill person (66%) and substance abuse or alcohol taking, smoking, taking drugs like hashish. (54%). The majority of the respondents have a very sympathetic and positive outlook towards mentally ill persons suggesting that mentally illness does not simply affect a chosen individual rather it can happen to anybody regardless of economic class, social status, ethnicity race and religion. Medical interventions cited by the majority of the respondents as being effective treatments for mental illness centered on the idea that hospitals and clinics for treatment and even cures for psychiatric disease. Changing perceptions of mental illnesses in Eritrea that paralleled the very caring and sympathetic attitudes of the sample university students would require raising public awareness regarding mental illness through education, using the mass media to raise public awareness, integrating mental health into the primary health care system, decentralizing mental health care services to increase access to treatment and providing affordable service to maintain positive treatment outcomes.
Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on the Growth, Nodulation and Yield of Soybean ...Premier Publishers
An investigation was carried out at Kogi State University Student Research and Demonstration farm Anyigba during the 2019 wet season to observe the effect of phosphorus and zinc on the growth, nodulation and yield of soybean. The treatments comprised three levels: phosphorus and zinc (0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha; 0, 5 and 10kg Zn/ha) and two varieties TGX 536 – 02D and Samsoy 2. The investigation revealed that application of phosphorus affected growth, nodulation, yield and some yield components of soybean while zinc application, apart from the plant height, which is reduced significantly, had no significant effect on other growth characters, nodulation, yield and yield components. However, it was generally found to decrease most of the characters. Application of 60 kg P2O5/ha gave the highest growth and yield, while 30 kg P2O5/ha gave the highest nodulation. Application of 60 kg P2O5/ha significantly increased yield to 1.9t/ha, which was significantly higher over the control plots, which gave 1.7t/ha. Crude protein and oil contents of the seeds were not significantly affected by phosphorus application but were significantly affected by zinc application, which significantly decreased protein content as its amount an increase from 0 to 10 kg/ha, and significantly increased oil content from 0 to 5kg/ha and decreased it below 5kg/ha. It was also revealed that the two varieties responded similarly to phosphorus and zinc in terms of growth, grain yield and crude protein content of the seeds.
Influence of Harvest Stage on Yield and Yield Components of Orange Fleshed Sw...Premier Publishers
A field experiment was conducted at Adami Tullu Agricultural Research Center in 2018 under rainfed condition with supplementary irrigation to determine the influence of harvest stage on vine yield and tuberous root yield of orange fleshed sweet potato varieties. The experiment consisted of four harvest stages (105, 120, 135 and 150 days after planting) and Kulfo, Tulla and Guntute varieties. A 4 X 3 factorial experiment arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Interaction of harvest stage and variety significantly influenced above ground fresh biomass, vine length, marketable tuberous root weight per hectare, commercial harvest index and harvest index. The highest mean values of above ground fresh biomass (66.12 t/ha) and marketable tuberous root weight (56.39 t/ha) were produced by Guntute variety harvested at 135 days after planting. Based on the results, it can be recommended that, farmers of the study area can grow Guntute variety by harvesting at 135 days after planting to obtain optimum vine and tuberous root yields.
Performance evaluation of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) and variability study...Premier Publishers
This study aimed at assessing genetic variability and to evaluate the performance of 13 improved upland rice varieties for yield and its components based on morphological traits. The field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design at Guraferda and Gimbo districts in the 2019 main cropping season. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) over the two locations revealed significant differences (p≤ 0.05) among varieties for days to 50% heading, days to 85% maturity, panicle length, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield. Similarly, the ANOVA for variety by location interactions depicted significant differences among the tested varieties for days to 50% heading, days to 85% maturity, and thousand-grain weight. High heritability was obtained from days to heading (88.5%), panicle length (85.0%), and grain yield (85.2%), which indicates these traits can be easily improved through selection. High to medium broad sense heritability and genetic advance as percentage of the mean for days to heading, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield indicates a good opportunity for improvement through selection using their phenotypic performance. This is mainly due to the high role of additive gene action in the expression of such traits. This study confirmed the presence of variability among varieties for most of the studied traits, which will create an opportunity for breeders to improve rice yield and other attributes.
Response of Hot Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) to Deficit Irrigation in Bennatse...Premier Publishers
This study was conducted at Enchete kebele in Benna-Tsemay Woreda, South Omo Zone to evaluate the response of hot pepper to deficit irrigation on yield and water productivity under furrow irrigation system. The experiment comprised four treatments (100 % of ETc, 85% of ETc, 70 % of ETc and 50% of ETc), respectively. The experiment was laid out in RCBD and replicated four times. The two years combined yield results indicated that, the maximum total yield (20.38 t/ha) was obtained from 100% ETc while minimum yield (12.92 t/ha) was obtained from 50% of ETc deficit irrigation level. The highest WUE 5.22 kg/ha mm-1 was obtained from 50% of ETc. Treatment of 100% ETc irrigation application had highest benefit cost ratio (4.5) than all others treatments. Applying 50% of ETc reduce the yield by 37% when compared to 100 % ETc. Accordingly, to achieve maximum hot pepper yield in areas where water is not scarce, applying 100% ETc irrigation water application level throughout whole growing season under furrow irrigation system is recommended. But, in the study area water scarcity is the major limiting factor for crop production. So, it is possible to get better yield and water productivity of hot pepper when we apply 85% ETc irrigation water throughout growing season under furrow irrigation system.
Harnessing the Power of Agricultural Waste: A Study of Sabo Market, Ikorodu, ...Premier Publishers
Nigeria is still burdened with huge responsibilities of waste disposal because the potential for benefits of proper waste management is yet to be harnessed. The paper evaluates the capacity of the Sabo Cattle market in producing the required quantities of waste from animal dung alongside decomposed fruits with a view to generating renewable energy possibilities for lighting, security and other business activities of the market. It is estimated that about 998 million tons of agricultural waste is produced yearly in the country with organic wastes amounting to 80 percent of the total solid wastes. This can be categorized into biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. The paper evaluates the capacity of the Sabo Cattle market in producing the required quantities of waste from animal dung alongside decomposed fruits with a view to generating renewable energy possibilities for lighting, security and other business activities of the market. The Sabo market was treated as a study case with the adoption of in-depth examinations of the facility, animals and products for sale and waste generated. A combination of experimental, interviews (qualitative) and design simulation (for final phase) was adopted to extract, verify and analyse the data generated from the study. Animal waste samples were subjected to compositional and fibre analysis with results showing that the sample has high potency for biogas production. Biodegradable Wastes are human and animal excreta, agricultural and all degradable wastes. Availability of high quantity of waste generated being organic in Sabo market allows the use of anaerobic digestion to be proposed as a waste to energy technology due to its feasibility for conversion of moist biodegradable wastes into biogas. The study found that at peak supply period during the Islamic festivities, a conservative 300tonnes of animal waste is generated during the week which translates to over 800kilowatts of electricity.
Influence of Conferences and Job Rotation on Job Productivity of Library Staf...Premier Publishers
The general purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of conferences and job rotation on job productivity of library staff in tertiary institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. The survey research design was used for this study using questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. This study covered the entire population of 661. Out of these, 501 copies of the questionnaire representing 75.8% were duly completed and returned for analysis. Student’s t-test was used to analyze the research questions. The finding showed that conferences had no significant influence on the job productivity of library staff in tertiary institutions in Imo State, Nigeria (F cal= 7.86; t-vale =6.177; p >0.005). Finding also showed that job rotation significantly influences job productivity of library staff in tertiary institutions in Imo State, Nigeria (F-cal value= 18.65; t-value = 16.225; P<0.05). This study recommended that, government should ensure that library staff participate in conferences with themes and topics that are relevant to the job they perform and also ensure that there should be proper evaluation and feedback mechanism which aimed to ensuring control and minimize abuse of their development opportunities. Again, there should be written statement of objectives in order to sustain job rotation programmes. Also, that training and development needs of library staff must be identified and analyzed before embarking on job rotation processes as this would help to build skills, competences, specialization and high job productivity.
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How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
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2. Scanning Electron Microscopic Structure and Composition of Urinary Calculi of Geriatric Dogs
Kumar and Srikanth. 082
Microscopic examination: Collected urine sample was
processed to obtain urine sediment and microscopic
examination was carried out by the procedure mentioned
by Carolyn and Weinstein (2012). The sample was
centrifuged in a test tube at 2,000 rpm for 5 minutes until a
moderately cohesive button is produced at the bottom of
the tube. The supernatant is decanted and a volume of 0.2
to 0.5 ml is left inside the tube. The sediment is re-
suspended in the remaining supernatant by flicking the
bottom of the tube several times. A drop of re-suspended
sediment is poured onto a glass slide and cover slip was
placed. It was then examined by light microscope under
both low-power and high-power field (Kesson et al., 1978).
Electron microscopy: Sediment suspensions were dried
overnight at 370C, isolated under stereozome, mounted on
double sided sticky carbon tape, and exposed / fixed with
1% osmium tetroxide as a fume fixation. The processed
samples were mounted over the stubs with double-sided
carbon conductivity tape, and a thin layer of gold coat over
the samples were done by using an automated sputter
coater using JEOL JFC – JSM 5600 electron microscope
unit, at required magnification as per the standard
procedures given by John . (1998), at RUSKA laboratory,
College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar,
Hyderabad.
Chemical analysis of uroliths: Various uroliths that were
collected from urinary bladder and urethra during the study
were subjected for qualitative chemical analysis as per
procedure given by Hodgkinson (1971).
RESULTS
Examination of cellular components and casts: Urine
sample from renal insufficiency dogs was centrifuged at
2000rpm/5min and the sediment was examined under
microscope at low power field then changed to high power
field for quantitative microscopic examination. Complete
examination of urinary sediment requires proper
identification of cells (RBCs, WBCs and epithelial cells),
casts, organisms (bacterial, fungal), crystals, mucus and
artifacts or contaminants. Numbers of casts are recorded
per lpf and numbers of RBCs, WBCs and epithelial cells
are recorded per hpf. The sample revealed erythrocytes,
leucocytes, epithelial cells and pus cells whose mean
values were 18, 5, 8 & 6 per high power field among renal
insufficiency dogs against 1-2, 0, 0-2 & 0 among
apparently healthy adult dogs. Microscopic examination of
urine also revealed moderate (15 per hpf) to many (22 per
hpf) crystals of various types, few coccobacilli, casts and
debris along with occasional spermatozoa.
Examination of urinary crystals: Various types of
crystals identified during microscopic examination of urine
were formed by precipitation of solutes, specifically
inorganic salts, organic compounds or iatrogenic
compounds. Crystals are more likely to form in
concentrated urine samples. In the present study crystals
of various types, shape and colour were identified.
Predominantly these crystals were of triple phosphate or
struvite (41.68%), followed by calcium oxalate dihydrate
(23.24%), calcium oxalate monohydrate (18.80%) and
ammonium urate or biurate (16.28%). Triple phosphate
(magnesium ammonium phosphate) or struvite crystals
were colourless, three to six sided prisms with oblique
ends “coffin-lid” (fig. 1). Calcium oxalate dihydrate and
monohydrate crystals appeared in different sizes in solitary
or in aggregation. Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
appeared as colourless squares whose corners were
connected by intersecting lines with characteristic shape
of octahedron or envelope (fig. 2) and whereas, calcium
oxalate monohydrate crystal varied in size with two
dimentional spindle, oval and various forms like “picket
fence” and “dumbbell” and “hemp seed” shape (fig. 3).
Ammonium urate or biurate crystals appeared as brown or
yellow-brown spherical bodies with irregular borders
"thorn-apples" (fig. 4). The most common site of
predilection of calculi were urinary bladder/urethra in
males and only urinary bladder in females. The calculi of
various colour, texture, shape and size recovered (fig. 5)
through cystotomy or urethrotomy were subjected for
chemical analysis and scanning electron microscopy.
Chemical analysis: In the present study chemical
analysis of the different stones (uroliths) retrieved from
urinary bladder and or urethra of the renal insufficiency
geriatric dogs revealed calcium phosphate (struvite),
calcium oxalate and ureate (urea) stones (fig. 4 & 5). The
major mineral component of calculi in urinary bladder was
struvite and that in urethra and multiple locations was
calcium oxalate.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): When
topographic features of various calculi were investigated
with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), perpendicularly
cracked fragments showed concentric laminations
composed of alternatively packed compact and loose
strata (fig. 6 and 7) suggesting struvite which was
confirmed on chemical analysis as consisted to be
magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP). Few crystals
with smooth or porous surfaces and scattered hexa or
octa-hedral coffin-lid shaped crystals in the loosely packed
strata (fig. 8 and 9) was also seen. The surfaces of few
stones were like cracked eggshells (fig. 10) and revealed
calcium phosphate on chemical analysis. Further, the
surface of few calculi demonstrated wavy phases with
sundry areas (fig. 11) that were chemically identified as
uric acid. Whereas, SEM aspects of few crystals that
revealed calcium oxalate monohydrate on chemical
analysis appeared as ‘picket fence appearance’ and
‘dumbbell’ and ‘hemp seed’ shape (fig. 12) and calcium
oxalate dihydrate that were retractile, 3dimensional
octahedron, mail type envelope (fig. 13).
3. Scanning Electron Microscopic Structure and Composition of Urinary Calculi of Geriatric Dogs
Int. J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husb. 083
Discussion
Uroliths are solid structures which arise from disturbances
of the physico-chemical balance and/or of the
hydrodynamic system of the urine and the urinary tract.
These calculi or crystals and microscopic minimally and is
composed of crystalline and amorphous organic and/or
inorganic. components, which may be mixed with a non-
crystalline high molecular substance (Schneider, 1982)
Presence of increased epithelial cell counts in the urine of
dogs is suggestive of renal impairment (Osborne et al.,
1972). Squamous epithelial cells observed in healthy as
well as renal patient have no diagnostic value as they can
be normally in less numbers, but also in large numbers
among females during estrus. Whereas, increased
number of transitional epithelial cells may present in the
urine sediment with infection, mechanical trauma
(urolithiasis), or neoplasia of the urinary tract (Chew et al.,
2011). Various cellular components observed in the
present study viz., red blood cells, white blood cells,
epithelial cells, crystals, casts, bacteria/yeasts,
spermatozoa and amorphous debris are in accordance
with (Carolyn and Nicole, 2012).
Casts are cylindrical molds of the renal tubules composed
of aggregated protein matrix with or without embedded
cells. Casts form by precipitation of protein and any intact
cells, intracellular organelles, brush border, or cellular
debris that present in the tubular lumen. In the present
study several types of casts were identified in the urine
sediment of most dogs affected with renal failure.
Significantly higher count of urinary casts in renal affected
dogs could be due to active pathologic process at loop of
henle, distal tubule and collecting tubule. The absence of
cast does not rule out the disease and number is not a
reliable index of severity, duration and reversibility or
irreversibility of disease (Osborne and Finco, 1995). RBC
casts are indicative of glomerular disease and WBC casts
were indicative of tubular disease, especially
pyelonephritis. Epithelial casts are associated with acute
tubular necrosis or pyelonephritis, granular casts are
suggestive of tubule-interstitial disease and waxy casts in
many cases suggested renal stasis or nephron obstruction
and represented serious disease and referred to as renal
failure casts (Chew et al., 2011; Ringsrud, 2001 and Patel,
2006).
Urinary calculi are a result of the crystalisation from
inorganic and organic components of urine. In spite of the
fact that they are normally present, the process of their
diagnostics is still not fully established (Ryall, 2011).
Urolithiasis in the present study was evaluated in dogs
beyond 8 years and was more common in lower urinary
tract (Gleaton et al., 2001) of males. Over saturation of
urine with calcium oxalate leads to precipitation of crystals
and formation of urinary calculi, inspite of certain inhibitors
like magnesium that can withhold the process of super
saturation. However, this process of initiation of calculi
formation can be ascribed to the presence of citric acid and
some ions (Ryall, 2011). Magnesium chelates with
oxalates to form magnesium oxalate, more soluble than
calcium oxalate and inhibits the crystallisation of Calcium
oxalate (LI et al., 1985; Doremus et al., 1978 and Ryall et
al., 1981). Oxalates are highly toxic agents may cause
renal insufficiency by inducing severe tubular injury and
renal cellular sloughing (Bibilash et al., 2010 and Marengo
et al., 2004). Super saturation is followed by formation of a
solid crystal phase (nucleation) in the renal tissue that
permit further deposition and aggregation of crystals
(Finlayson and Reid, 1978). Urinary macromolecules also
prevent this step in the process of calculi formation by
binding or adsorption of crystal surface to induce
degradation of crystal faces and edges (Addadi et al.,
2001).
Proteins, lytic enzymes and other organic matrix present
in normal urine also cause dissolution and degradation of
the urinary crystals, which gives irregular shapes of
calcium oxide monohydrate and dehydrate crystals under
SEM and decrease crystals chance for deposition on the
renal tissue; for instance osteopontin is incriminated in
crystals erosion and the appearance of cracked surfaces
(Thurgood et al., 2010). Further, other substances
secreted by the kidneys like undifferentiated proteins, and
glycosaminoglycans inhibit retention of crystals and
nucleation by reducing the ability of attachment of Calcium
oxide monohydrate to renal epithelial cell membranes
(Grover et al., 2010). Other crystals like, calcium oxalate
cause discontinuities within the mineral phase, increase
the non uniform crystals and reduce the average size of
their crystallites component due to presence of
intracrystalline proteins within them (Fleming et al., 2003).
Isolated clusters of calcium oxalate crystals, isolated or
clumps of crystals appearing tetrahedral shape of calcium
oxide dihydrate were observed under light microscope and
SEM. While, appearance of atypical shapes of calcium
oxide monohydrate crystals with rounded edges and bow–
tie appearance were demonstrated by SEM (Walaa et al.,
2014) and columnar shaped aggregation of crystallites,
suggesting calcium oxalates (Tufani et al., 2017).
CONCLUSION
Microscopic and electron microscopic examination of urine
samples from renal insufficiency geriatric dogs revealed
increased number of blood cells, epithelial cells and pus
cells along with casts and calculi predominantly, triple
phosphate or struvite, followed by calcium oxalate
dihydrate, calcium oxalate monohydrate and ammonium
urate or biurate. Coffin-lid and picket fence were various
shapes, while perpendicular columnar strata, wavy phases
with sundry areas and cracked eggshell appearance were
SEM characters of different crystals.
4. Scanning Electron Microscopic Structure and Composition of Urinary Calculi of Geriatric Dogs
Kumar and Srikanth. 084
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5. Scanning Electron Microscopic Structure and Composition of Urinary Calculi of Geriatric Dogs
Int. J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husb. 085
Fig. 1 Coffin-lid shaped Struvite crystals
(40X)
Fig. 2 Envelop or octahedron shaped
colourless Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
(40X)
Fig. 3 Picket fence shape calcium oxalate
monohydrate crystals (40X)
Fig. 4 Ammonium urate stones with
Thorn-apple appearance
Fig. 5 Struvite and other types of calculi
retrieved from bladder and urethra
Fig. 6 Closely packed strata with
perpendicular laminar columns – Struvite
(1400X)
6. Scanning Electron Microscopic Structure and Composition of Urinary Calculi of Geriatric Dogs
Kumar and Srikanth. 086
Fig. 7 Closely and loosely packed strata of
struvite - magnesium ammonium
phosphate (2000X)
Fig. 8 Hexa - hedral coffin-lid shaped
crystals in the loosely packed strata
(900X)
Fig. 9 Octahedral shaped crystals (1000X) Fig. 10 Cracked eggshell appearance of
calcium phosphate crystal (70X)
Fig. 11 Uric acid calculi demonstrating
wavy phases with sundry areas (70X)
Fig. 12 Typical ‘picket fence appearance’
of calcium oxalate monohydrate
crystals (150X)