ICT refers to all tools used for information and communication, including hardware like computers, tablets, and smartphones, as well as software, websites, and communication networks. An operating system performs basic tasks like booting up a device, managing memory and storage, and allowing interaction through input/output devices. Operating systems can be classified based on their interface (GUI vs. CUI), number of users supported (single vs. multi-user), and processing capability (single vs. multi-processing). Common operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, Android, Linux, and mobile operating systems.

1. INFORMATION,
COMMUNICATION &
TECHNOLOGY

2. ICT includes all the tools used for information and
communications.
Information refers to processed data or output that is
generated by computing devices.
Communication refers to transfer of knowledge and
information.
Software's , hardware's
Websites , web pages, web servers,

3. The operating system performs
basic tasks, such as booting the
system, recognizing input, sending
output, keeping track of location of
files and directories on the disk,
controlling peripheral devices such
as disk drives, printers, etc.
OS (OPERATING SYSTEM)

4. Functions of Operating System
• Process Management (manage working of processer)
• Memory Management (sharing of memory to apps)
• Device Management (manage I/O devices)
• File Management (track of info regarding files)
• Security ( authentication)
• Error Detection (external treat, software security)
• Job Scheduling (determine which programs run first)

6. C Language for windows

7. SWIFT for
IOS

8. CLASSIFICATION OF OPERATING
SYSTEM

9. GUI and CUI
• In CUI Os , the user sends
commands and instructions
to the computer in
character form, i.e., by
typing commands at the
command prompt. The
display on the screen does
not contain any graphics.
• CUI OS is not as interactive
and user friendy as GUI OS.
• Examples are MS-DOS and
UNIX
• In GUI OS, the interface
is graphical, i.e., the
user interacts with the
computer using figures
and graphics on the
screen. It is basically
menu driven.
• GUI OS is user friendly
and interactive.
• Examples are windows
and Linux
On the basis of Interface

11. Mobile operating system

13. Single User: a single-user operating system
provides access to a single user at a time. For
example MS-DOS.
Multi User: some OS allow access to two or more
users to run the same programs at the same time
on a network. Some OS permits hundreds or even
thousands of concurrent users. For example:
Linux, Unix, etc.
On the basis of Users

14. • Uni processing: this type of OS allow single
processing on a single processor. i.e. only
one program at a time.
• Multi Processing: this type of operating
system supports simultaneous processing of
more than one program.
On the basis of Processing

15. LIST of OS
• MICROSOFT WINDOW
• APPLE MAC OS
• GOOGLE ANDROID OS
• LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM

17. Parts of Application window

18. FILE SYSTEM
• File system is referred as the basic
structure and concise format to
arrange the set of information with
their names.
• All information is stored and
recognized in the computer in
different types of file format.

19. File(type) Extension
music .mp3, wav
Picture/Image .png, .jpg, .jpeg, .gif
Portable document format .pdf
Microsoft word
Ms Powerpoint
Ms Excel
.docx,
.ppt
.xlsx
html .htm, .html
video .mov, .avi, wmv, .MP4

20. Files can be named, stored ad retrieved.
It also facilities grouping of files in the form of
directories or folders for their access and
protection.
The arrangement of these files in the folders is
known as ‘File Management’.
FILE MANAGEMENT:

21. How to manage files…..
• Open a file
• Save a file
• Save as a file
• Rename a file
• Delete a file
• Restore a file
• Sort the files
• Select all the file
• Select only the chosen one
• Create a Folder
• Check the Disk Management (right click on my
computer -> Manage
Checking the
properties of File

22. DEVICE DRIVER
• A device driver is a form of software
that enables a hardware device to be
compatible with the computer.

23. COMPUTER CARE
Cleaning hardware parts of a computer:
• Monitor: spray water or cleaning liquid on a soft lint free cloth
such as cotton and gently wipe the monitor.
• Keyboard: blow air in between the keys to remove dust using
compressed air.
• Optical Mouse: Clean the keyboard by holding it upside down
and shaking it.
• Digital Camera: Never touch the lens of the camera.
• Optical disk (Cd, DVD, Blu-ray Disc) : Put the drop of fluid on a
cotton cloth and gently rub it on the disk to remove dust.
• Preparing Maintenance Schedule; Maintenance can be done on
daily basis, on weekly basis , on monthly basis or on yearly basis.

25. • MALWARE: Malware refers to infectious programs that
hamper the functioning of a computer system. It is an
unwanted software which is designed to damage a
computer system. Some common types of malware are
virus, Trojan horse, spyware, etc.
• VIRUS: A computer virus is a type of unwanted
computer program which is developed by miscreants
with an intention to infect the files of a computer,
corrupt a database or hamper the functioning of a
computer system.
• Boot Sector Virus: booting is the process of loading
operating system in the primary memory from the boot
sector.

26. • Program File virus: A program file infecting
virus is a type of malware that infects the
executable files of a program with the intention
of causing permanent damage or making the
program useless. A file infecting virus overwrites
the code or inserts infected code into the source
of an executable or the program file.
• Worms: Worms replicate inside the system and
thus occupy a huge memory space in the
storage device. Worms spread more commonly
in computers that are connected to a network.

27. • Trojan Horse: Trojan are infectious programs
which silently infect the computer and corrupt
the files of a host computer.
• Spyware : it is a program which infects and
collects information of the computer without
the owner’s knowledge or consent.
• Spam: Spam refers to an unwanted and sun
solicited message which is received in the inbox
of a person’s email account or newsgroup.

28. SYMPTOMS OF COMPUTER VIRUS:
There are certain hints that a computer has been
infected by virus like:
• slowdown of computer system
• Pop Up Messages
• Crash
• Running out of Storage space
• Loss of file
• Unusual activity of messages or programs
• Unusual network activity

29. WAYS TO PREVENT A VIRUS:
• Download information from trusted websites: the web
address of such website start with https://
• Installation of antivirus and firewall : Avast, Quick heal,
McAfee, Norton, Kaspersky, AVG
• Scanning and cleaning of Hard Disk.
• Update the Antivirus everyday
• Use passwords to login to your computer
• Encrypt data
• Removing temporary files
• Removing files of temporary folder: type %temp% in
search area.