The document discusses several key topics related to the internet and email. It defines the internet as the global network of interconnected computers and describes how it originated from the US military. It then outlines several common uses of the internet including online communication, e-commerce, video conferencing, and entertainment. Finally, it discusses important internet-related terms like browsers, search engines, and protocols as well as the different types of email.

1. Internet is the connection of millions of
computers spread all over the world. It is the
world largest computer network. It is the
network of networks.
It is a public network so it is not owned by a
particular user organization or government.
However, it is controlled by internet authority.
Internet is initiated by us army. It was used for
their internal communication but later, it become
popular and used all over the world.

2.  1) Online communication: – It is used for online
communication.
 2) It is helpful for online business through e-
commerce.
 3) It is helpful for video conference.
 4) It is helpful for e-ticketing, online
reservation.
 5) It helps to find information about various
things.
 6) It is used for entertainment.
 7) It is used for downloading the video files,
music files.
 8) It is used for online job.

3. SOME TERMS RELATED WITH
INTERNET ARE1) Browser:-
A browser is internet based application software used to access a
webpage. It sends request to the web server and displays the
received HTML files in proper format user interact with the
internet by using browser.
e.g. Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera,
Netscape, Safari, etc.
2) Search Engine:-
It is also internet based application software. It can be used to
access the required information or webpage address from the
internet. A search engine maintains the record of all the websites
and their contents. When the user requests by providing the
keywords, it provides a list of websites and their links from its
database. Google.com is the most common search engine at
present. Other search engine includes bing.com, yahoo.com,
altavista.com, webcrawler.com, etc.

4. 3) Messenger Service:-
A messenger is also internet based application software. It is
used for communication. Such as text chat, audio-video chat,
conference call, transmitting data and files, offline messages,
etc. Some of the common messengers used are MSM
messenger, Yahoo messenger, Google talk, AOL, Skype, etc.
4) Webpage:-
It is the fundamental unit of web. It is used to provide text
emails, audio, video to the users. Webpage is developed by
using scripting and web based programming language.
Webpage are of two types:
a) Static
b) Dynamic
A static webpage is developed by using HTML.
Dynamic webpage is developed by using programming
language like PHP, ASP, C#, etc along with HTML.

5. 5) Website:-
A website is a location used for storing webpage. User access the
webpage by using the website address. For e.g.
www.nepalnew.com.np,www.facebook.com,www.hsebguides.blo
gspot.com, etc.
6) Web server:-
Web server is a program or the software which returns a web page
to a web browser when the web browser requests.
7) URL (Uniform Resource Locator):-
It is a complete website address which is used to specify domain
name, website location, and the protocol used for communication.
A complete URL is provided to access a web site.
e.g:-(i)http://www.hsebguides.blogspot.com,
(ii)http://www.google.com.np.

6.  8) Domain name system (DNS)
 A domain name system is the process of using
domain name to access a computer or website such
as hotmail.com is a domain name. Domain names
are easier to remember and access compared to IP
address. However, communication is done through
IP address. An IP address is a numerical value such
as 192.168.1.1. It is used to identify a particular
computer on a network. Since, these IP addresses are
difficult to remember, domain names are used in
place of IP address. A DNS translates domain name
into corresponding IP address. Domain names are
classified on the basis of type of organization and the
country wise.

7. Type of organization:-
 .com
 .org
 .edu
 .gov
 .net
 .mil
 .biz
 .tv

8. • Country wise:-
.np
.in
.sl
.pk
.uk
.au

9.  9) Protocol:-
 A protocol is a set of rule or standard defined to be used by
all the components. Network protocol can be defined as the
set of rules used for communication between two or more
devices.
 Some of the common network protocols used are:-
 • HTTP ( Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
 • FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
 •HTTPS(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secured)
 • SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
 • POP (Post Office Protocol)
 • IMAP (Internet Mail Access Protocol)
 • IP (Internet Protocol)

10.  • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
 • UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
 • VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol)
 • HTTP:-It is used for the communication of
hypertext document. WebPages are the example
of hypertext document. It is developed by using
HTML and contains hyperlink.
 • FTP:-It is used for the transmission of files
like document image, audio, video, software,
games, etc.

11.  • HTTPS:
 It is used for the transmission of hypertext
document by providing higher security. It is
mainly used by banking sector, e-commerce,
and other electronic payment system where
higher security is required. It uses encryption
and decryption technique to provide security.
 • SMTP, POP & IMAP:
 These protocols are used for email
communication for sending and receiving
emails.

12.  • IP:
 It is the most common protocol used in
internet to identify a particular system. It is
used along with TCP in internet (TCP/IP).
 • TCP:
 It is connection oriented protocol i.e.
connection is maintained throughout
communication. It provides reliable
transmission so it is slower than UDP. It is
the common protocol used in internet for
transmission of hypertext documents, files
and email message.

13.  • UDP:
 It is connectionless protocol. It doesn’t provide
reliable transmission but it is faster than TCP.
So, UDP is preferred for transmitting real time,
multimedia data.
 • VOIP:
 It is used for transmission of voice signal
through internet. It is the cheaper and faster
medium of communication mainly for a long
distance

14.  E-Mail
 Email is a form of world-wide electronic
communication in which a computer user
can compose a massage at one terminal and
send it to recipient’s terminal when the
recipient logs in.
 Uses of E-Mail
 Information exchange
 Staying in touch professionally
 Staying in touch socially
 Transforming document
 Publish an Online newsletter
 Drive traffic to website
 Publicize special promotions or events

15.  Types of E-Mail
 1.Web mail ( or web-based e-mail)
 Web-based e-mail is an service intended to be
primarily accessed by a web browser. Very
popular web mail provides include G-mail,
Yahoo! Mail, Hot Mail etc.
 2. Pop E-mail:- Post office Protocol, which is
used to retrieve e-mail from a mail server over a
TCP/IP connection.