2. The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) is a circulatory
assist device that is used to support the left ventricle.
The IABP uses counterpulsation where aortic blood is
displaced with the inflation and deflation of the balloon
catheter, which is timed to the cardiac cycle.
3.
4.
5. Severe aortic insufficiency
Aortic or abdominal aneurism
Severe peripheral vascular disease
6. The balloon catheter is inserted either percutaneously or surgically
by cutdown into the patients’ femoral artery.
7. Connect to mains power to ensure the battery is preserved.
Check the helium tank is open at the back of the pump.
Ensure both an ECG and pressure trace can be obtained
from the patient on the screen of the IABP.
The IABP can obtain a trigger, which stimulates the
pumping of the balloon.
8. Frequency when first commencing pumping is on 1:1,
which means that for each heart beat the balloon, will
be inflated.
To commence balloon pumping, inflation and deflation
points should be set at the midline and then once
pumping is established, timing should be reassessed.
Connect the extension tubing to the balloon catheter
and on the balloon console at the back.
9. Helium is used as it is easily dissolves in
blood than air and prevents the risk of air
emboli if the catheter ruptures.
10. The end of the balloon should be just distal (1-
2 cm) to the take-off of the left subclavian
artery
Position should be confirmed by fluoroscopy
or chest x-ray
16. Inflation and deflation of the balloon
Blood is displaced to the proximal aorta by inflation during
diastole.
Aortic volume ( afterload) is reduced during systole through
vacuum effect created by rapid balloon deflation
Decrease in SBP by 20 %
Increase in aortic Diastolic Press. by 30 % ( raise coronary
blood flow)
17. Increase in MAP
Reduction of the HR by 20%
Decrease in the mean PCWP by 20 %
Elevation in the COP by 20%
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. First change from 1:1 to 1:2 augmentation
Check the dicrotic notch
See if augmentation starts at that point
This should produce a sharp “V” at inflation.
Check if diastolic augmented wave is ›
systolic wave
24. Confirm if end diastolic wave following the
augmented wave is less than an non
augmented wave.
Is Deflation slope ok.
25.
26.
27. Inflation of the IAB markedly after closure of the aortic
valve.
Waveform Characteristics:
• Inflation of IAB after the dicrotic notch.
• Absence of sharp V.
• Sub optimal diastolic augmentation
28.
29.
30. Late deflation of the IAB during the diastolic phase.
Waveform Characteristics:
• Assisted aortic end diastolic pressure may be equal to
the unassisted aortic end diastolic pressure.
• Rate of rise of assisted systole is prolonged.
• Diastolic augmentation may appear widened
31.
32.
33.
34. Rounded balloon pressure waveform
- Loss of plateau resulting from a kink or
obstruction of shuttle gas
- Kink in the catheter tubing
- Improper IAB catheter position
- Sheath not being pulled back to allow
inflation of the IAB
- IAB is too large for the aorta
- IAB is not fully unwrapped
- H2O condensation in the external tubing
35. - due to a loose connection
- a leak in the IAB catheter
- H2O condensation in the external tubing
- a patient who is tachycardiac and febrile which causes
increased gas
diffusion through the IAB membrane
36. Anticoagulation-- maintain apTT at 50 to 70
seconds.
CXR daily – to R/O IAB migration.
Check lower limb pulses - 2 hourly.
Hip flexion is restricted, and the head of the
bed should not be elevated beyond 30°.
37. Never leave in standby by mode for more than 20
minutes
Daily
Haemoglobin (risk of bleeding or haemolysis)
Platelet count (risk of thrombocytopenia)
Renal function (risk of acute kidney injury
secondary to distal migration of IABP catheter)
Wean off the IABP as early as possible as longer
duration is associated
with higher incidence of limb complications
38.
39. Timing of weaning:
Patient should be stable for 12 – 24 hours
Decrease inotropic support
Decrease pump ratio
From 1:1 to 1:2 or 1:3
Decrease augmentation
Monitor patient closely
If patient becomes unstable, weaning should be
Immediately discontinued