Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There are two main types of hypertension: primary, which has no identifiable cause and can be influenced by genetics, age, sex, lifestyle factors like smoking, diet, exercise and stress; and secondary, which has identifiable renal, endocrine or drug-related causes. Screening for hypertension involves taking two blood pressure readings at least five minutes apart and using the average for diagnosis. Complications of hypertension can be prevented through lifestyle modifications like weight control, reducing salt and fat intake, not smoking, exercising, and treating the underlying cause for secondary cases. Antihypertensive drugs may also be needed if lifestyle changes are not enough or if blood pressure is

1. HYPERTENSION

2. Hypertension “HPN” is one of the major risk factors for
CVDs.

3. TYPES & RF OF HYPERTENSION
1ry
No identified
cause (in most
cases).
Genetic or
familial
tendency.
Middle age
Males but equal
sex incidence
after menopause.
↑Cholesterol &
LDL or ↓ HDL.
Unhealthy
lifestyle
Smoking
Alcohol intake
Physical
inactivity
Stress,
↑ Salt, ↓ K
intake
Obesity
DM
2ry
Renal &
endocrine causes
Hormonal &
drug intake.

7. SCREENING TESTS FOR HPN
For screening purpose in the
community-based epidemiological
cross-sectional studies, these
standards could be used.
2 readings should be taken at least 5
minutes apart & average result
represents current Bl.Pr.
measurement
In the medical settings, diagnosis of
HPN depends on findings of Bl.Pr.
levels for >2 times few weeks apart.

8. COMPLICATIONS

9. Life style
modifications
(key management)
as ↓weight,
avoidance of
smoking & alcohol
intake, dietary salt &
fat restriction,
avoidance of stress
& keeping physical
exercise.
Early detection
Frequent blood
pressure
measurements after
age of 40 years.
Antihypertensive
drugs
If the lifestyle
modifications are
ineffective alone or
the level of HPN at
the start is so high.
Management of
causes of 2ry HPM.
Prevention