This document provides an overview of human-computer interaction techniques. It begins with an abstract describing an introductory seminar on HCI that covers its history, design methods, user interfaces, and architecture. It then introduces the importance of effective human-computer interaction for users. The remainder of the document discusses eye movement-based interaction techniques, including the vision field, types of eye movements, methods for measuring eye movements, and advantages and limitations of these methods. It concludes that such interaction techniques can increase the useful bandwidth between users and computers.

1. HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
TECHNIQUES
Presenting By
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Under the guidance of
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2. ABSTRACT
The objective of this special introductory seminar is to
provide newcomers to Human- Computer Interaction (HCI) with
an introduction and overview of the field. The material will begin
with a brief history of the field, followed by presentation and
discussion of how good application development methods pull on
the interdisciplinary technologies of HCI. The topics will include
the psychology of human- computer interaction, psychologically-
based design methods and tools, user interface media and tools,
and introduction to user interface architecture.
Human Computer Interaction
Techniques
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3. INTRODUCTION
The rapid growth of computing has made effective
human-computer interaction essential.It is important for the
growing number of computer users whose professional
schedules will not allow the elaborate training and experience
that was once necessary to take advantage of computing.
Increased attention to usability is also driven by competitive
pressures for greater productivity, the need to reduce
frustration, and to reduce overhead costs such as user training.
Human Computer Interaction
Techniques
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4. OVERVIEW: MAP OF HUMAN COMPUTER
INTERACTION
Human Computer Interaction
Techniques
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Input and
Output Devices
Dialogue
Techniques
Dialogue
Genre
Application Areas
Ergonomics
Evaluation
Techniques
Design
Approaches
Implementation
Techniques and Tools
Example Systems
and Case Studies
Human
Language,
Communication
and Interaction
Human
Information
Processing
Human-Machine Fit and AdaptationSocial Organization and Work
Computer
Computer
Graphics
Dialogue
Architecture
Development Process
A a

5. Human Computer Interaction Techniques
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Eye Movement-Based Interaction Techniques

6. Human Computer Interaction Techniques
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Vision field
Vision Field is Divided Into 3 Regions
 Fovea Provides The Sharpest Vision
 Parafovea Previews Fovea Information
 Peripheral Vision Reacts To Flashing Objects And
Sudden Movements

7. Human Computer Interaction Techniques
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Types Of Eye Movements
 Fixation
 Saccade
 Occurs in response to moving object
 Nystagmus
Relative movement of eye with respect to one
another

8. Human Computer Interaction Techniques
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Methods For Measuring Eye Movements
 Electronic
 Mechanical
 Optical/video
- Single point
-Two point

9. CTRONIC METHOD
 The most used method is to place skin electrodes around the eye
and measure the potentioal differences in eye
 Wide range – poor accuracy
 Better for relative than absolute eye movements
 Mainly used in neurological diagnosis

10. MECHANICAL METHODS:
 Based on contact lenses with
- Mirror planes + reflecting IR-light
-Coil magnetic field
 Very accurate.
 very uncomfortable for users who are not used to wear lenses
-Usable only for lab students.
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Techniques
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11. OPTICAL/VIDEO BASED METHOD
SINGLE POINT
 Tracking one visible feature of the eyebal,e.g
oLimbus(boundary of sclera and iris)
oPupil
 A video camera observes one of the users eye
 Image processing software analyzer the video image and traces
the tracked features
 Based on calibration , the system determines where the user is
currently looked
 Head movements not rest is needed

12. OPTICAL/VIDEO BASED METHOD-
TWO POINT
 The same idea as in the single point method except now two
features of eye are tracked typically
 Uses IR light(invisible to human eye)to
-Produce corneal reflection
-Cause bright or dart pupil ,which helps the system to recognize pupil from video image

13. ADVANTAGES
 No training or particular coordination is reqired of normal
users
 Can determine where the user interest is focused
automatically
 Helpful for usability studies to understand users interact
with their environments

14. LIMITATIONS
 some users can’t work with the equipment
 Equipment is expensive

15. CONCLUSION
Interaction techniques like these, when
applied to the design of specific interfaces, increase the
useful bandwidth between user and computer. This seems to
be the key bottleneck in improving the usefulness of all types
of interactive computer systems , and particularly educational
systems, which depend heavily on dialogues with their users.

16. REFERENCES
 1. Butler, K. A. (1985) Connecting Theory and Practice: A Case Study of Achieving
Usability Goals. In: Proceedings of CHI'85 Human Factors in Computing Systems (April
14-18, 1985,San Francisco, CA) ACM, pp. 85-88.
 2. Wilkund, M. E. (1994) Usability in Practice: How Companies Develop User-Friendly
Products, Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.
 3. Boff, K. R. and Lincoln, J. E. (1988). Engineering Data Compendium: Human
Perception and Performance vols 1-3. Harry G. Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research
Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.
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Techniques
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17. THANK YOU