This document discusses various methods of birth control including natural methods, barrier methods, spermicides, intrauterine devices, oral contraceptives, implants, injectables, emergency contraception, sterilization, and medical termination of pregnancy. It describes how each method works to prevent pregnancy and lists examples of products for several of the methods. Potential side effects and risks are also mentioned for some of the long-acting reversible methods like intrauterine devices.

1. BIRTH
CONTROL

2. Natural methods
Barrier methods
Spermicides
IUCD – Intra Uterine Contraceptive
Devices
Oral contraceptives
Norplants / Subcutaneous implants
Injectables
Emergency contraceptives / Morning
After Pills
Sterilisations
METHODS OF BIRTH CONTROL

3. Abstinence :- avoiding coitus from
10th to 17th day of menstruation.
Withdrawal / Coitus inturruptus :-
male withdraws penis from vagina
just before ejaculation.
Absence of Menstruation / Lactation
Amenorrhoea:- this is up to 6 months
from child birth during which there
is intense lactation and no
menstruation.
NATURAL METHODS

4.  Condoms :- balloon like, made of rubber or
latex, used to cover penis or vagina just before
coitus. It prevent entry of semen into vagina
and sexually transmitted diseases. Female
condoms are called FEMIDOMS.
 Diaphragm :- a soft rubber cup that covers
entry path of uterus.
 Cervical Caps :- small diaphragms covering
cervix closely.
 Vault Caps :- hemispherical rubber or plastic
caps with thick rims.
** Last three are three cervical covers.
BARRIER METHODS

5. These are chemicals as foam tablets,
creams, jellies & pastes inserted into
vagina before coitus. They kill
sperms.
They may contain lactic acid, citric
acid, boric acid, zinc sulphate &
potassium permanganate.
User should not be allergic to them.
SPERMICIDES

6. These are inserted into uterus to
prevent sperm entry for specific time
period as 1, 3, 5 or more years.
This is done by doctors / expert
nurses through vagina.
They increase phagocytosis of sperm
in uterus.
These are used by female wanting
delay or gape between pregnancy.
Intra Uterine Contraceptive Devices

7. Cupper releasing IUCDs :- suppress
motility & fertilising capacity of
sperms. e.g. CuT, Cu7, Multiloid 375.
Hormone releasing IUCDs :- make
uterus unstable for implantation and
cervix become hostile. e.g.
Pregestasert, LNG-20.
TYPES OF IUCDs

8. Minor irritation in some females.
Sometimes spontaneous expulsion
without knowledge of user.
May cause excess menstrual bleeding
and pain.
Risk of uterus perforation.
Possibility of fallopian tube
pregnancy.
Always have a risk of infection.
DEMERITS OF IUCDs

9. Combined Pills :- These are small
dose of synthetic progesterone and
estrogen. Available as Mala D &
Mala N. Taken daily for 21 days
preferably from any of first five days
of menstruation followed by a gap of
seven days.
Mini Pills :- These are non steroid
compound as Saheli. It is taken once
a week for three months.
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES / PILLS

10. They may inhibit
Ovulation.
Sperm motility.
Secretion in fallopian tube.
Cervical mucous secretion.
They may cause alteration in making
of uterine endometrium.
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES / PILLS

11. Six match stick sized capsules are
inserted under skin of inner arm
above elbow of female.
They contain synthetic progesterone.
They slowly release it for about 5
years.
It blocks ovulation & thickens cervix
membrane prevent sperm transport.
SUBCUTANEOUS IMPLANTS /
NORPLANTS

12. Progesterone or mixed with estrogen may
be injected into female, once in every 3
months to prevent ovulation.
INJECTABLES
STERILISATION
Surgically fertilisation is prevented by
Vasectomy & Tubectomy.
Vasectomy in Males – parts of both vas
deferens cut and tied up.
Tubectomy in Females – parts of both
fallopian tubes cut and tied up.

13. They may be taken within 72 hours
of unprotected coitus.
They are very effective within first 24
hours of unprotected coitus.
e.g. i-pill, Pill 72, Unwanted 72.
EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVES /
MORNING AFTER PILLS
{AS MAY BE TAKEN IN NEXT MORNING}

14. It is the process of intentional and
voluntary or induced abortion.
Abortion is killing the foetus in side
uterus of mother.
Govt. of India legalised it since 1971
with some strict restrictions to
prevent misuse.
MEDICAL TERMINATION OF
PREGNANCY (MTP)

15. Safe period for MTP :- It is up to 12th week
of pregnancy. Now it is legally allowed up
to 28th week only on recommendations of a
gynaecologist, however it is risky &
complicated.
Reasons for MTP :- to get rid of unwanted
pregnancy due to casual unprotected
coitus, functional failure of contraceptives,
if pregnancy is harmful / fatal to mother /
foetus.
Significance of MTP :- it is only applicable
to complicated and defective pregnancy.