1. The Rise and Spread of
Christianity

2.  The of the Roman Empire signaled the
end of the ancient period of European
history.
 The next millennium is called the
Middle Ages (500-1500 C.E.) which
connects the ancient with the modern
period.
 It is divided into Early Middle Ages
(500-1050 CE), High Middle Ages
(1050-1270 C.E.) and Late or End of
Middle Ages (1270-1500 C.E.)

3.  In the Middle Ages, some of the
characteristics of classical civilization
– Greek and Roman were combined
with other fields of Germanic
civilization to form a way of life that is
called medieval.
 During this period, the most stable
institution was Christianity and its
church.
 It is also said that the growth o
Christianity was one of the factors that
brought about the fall of the Roman
Empire.

4. The teachings of Jesus Christ
 Jesus Christ- founded Christianity
-Was born in Bethlehem and grew
in Nazareth
- When he was 30 he left his work
as a carpenter and started
travelling to different parts of
Palestine.
- He taught the doctrines of his
religion.
- Like Judaism, Jesus denounced
violence and selfishness.
- His teaching were based on
brotherhood.
- However, the Jews did not accept
Jesus’ claim that he was the
Mesiah.

5. - It compared his teachings to a call for
rebellion. This was because Jesus
promoted the belief on one god.
- In 33 C.E. Jesus was executed
through crucifixion on the cross upon
the orders of Pontius Pilate, the
governor of Judea

6. Paul: Disciple of Jesus
 The most important of Christian
missionaries
 A Jew from Tarsus, a city in Asia
Minor.
 Believed that Christianity was against
Judaism.
 He joined in the torture of Christians.
 From 37 C.E. until 67 C.E. he traveled
to various cities in the Eastern
Mediterranean to bring the teachings
of Jesus.

7. The Torture of Christians
 Roman Empire allowed other religions as
long as the people accepted the
authority of the government.
 Christians did not accept the law on
emperor worship; enemy of the state.
 Nero was one of the emperors who
hated Christians.
 He accused them of burning Rome in 64
CE and therefore punished them.
 The widespread persecution of
Christians occurred during the time of
Emperor Decius in2 49 until 252 CE.

8.  However, Christianity did not fade
away as many believed.
 In 311 CE, Christiaity was made legal
in Eastern Roman Empire.
 After 2 years, through the Edict of
Milan, Emperor Constantine made
Christianity legal religion throughout
the Roman Empire.
 In 395 CE, Emperor or Theodosius
made Christianity the official religion.

9. The First Churches
 Ecclesia- a small group, means a
meeting
- they usually meet on their
houses.
-the first churches were built
in Rome, Alexandria, Antioch,
Constantinople and Corinth.
- the church in Rome was
visited by St. Peter and St. Paul.

10. A Religion for All
 In 325 CE Emperor Constantine
convened the Council of Nicaea to draft
a collection of teachings of Christianity.
 The result of the meeting was the belief
that God and Jesus Christ were of the
same substance.
 The Old Testament of the Jew is the
official book of the divine scriptures of
Christianity. The 27 books of Matthew,
Mark, Luke and John wrote after the
death of Jesus Christ constitute the Ne
Testament.

11.  Epistles- letters used by Paul to
communicate.
 The official doctrine or theology of the
Christian Church was arranged in an
orderly framework by four scholar
priests – Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine,
and Gregory.
 Vulgate- Latin bible used during the
Medieval Age.

12. The Organization of the
Church
POPE
CARDINAL
ARCHBISHOP
BISHOPS
PRIESTS
LAYMEN

13. The Germanic Tribes
 In the 4th century CE, many Germanic
tribes in Europe lived east of the Rhine
River and north of the Danube River.
 These Germanic tribes were called
barbarians.
 They tilled soil and herded animals.
 They were large and athletic built.
 They value strength and courage in
battle.
 They worshipped various gods like Tiw,
Woten, Thor, and Freya.

14. The Church As The Defender Of
Civilization
 With the fall of the Western Roman
Empire, the church shouldered the
burden of preserving the civilization of
the Roman Empire and the introduction
of this civilization to the Germanic tribes.
 During the invasion of the Germanic
tribes, the church fulfilled its duty to
defend the weak and punish the wicked.
 Anyone who wanted to defend himself
could find refuge called right of sanctuary
in any church.

15.  The popes carried out some of the
powers of the former emperors of the
Roman Empire.
 The church established courts and the
collection of taxes was allowed.

16. Monasticism
 withdrawal from the world to attain
higher level of devotion to Christianity.
 Spread in Europe in 520 CE when St.
Benedict established a monastery in
Monte, Casino in Italy.

17. The Age of Faith
 With the fall of the Roman Empire,
Europe entered the period of the Dark
Ages from 6th-8th century.
 The Church has a collection of beliefs
that are accepted by anyone who
becomes a Christian.

18. 7 Sacraments* - is an external
sign left to give grace.
a. Baptism
b. Confirmation
c. Marriage
d. Extreme Unction
e. Confession
f. Eucharist
g. Holy Orders

19. Laws of the Church
 Canon Law- is derived from Holy
Scriptures, from the writings and
decrees of the Popes.
 Heresy- belief that was contrary to
Christian doctrines or teachings was
the gravest of all crimes.
 Inquisition- the court that was
established to look for and punish
heretics.

20. Principal Weapons Used By The
Church
a. Excommunication
b. Interdict
c. Deposition
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
FRANCISCAN AND DOMINICAN
ORDERS
In the 13th century, two orders of priests
were established.
a. O.F.M.
b. O.P.

21. The Defense of the Holy Land
 For hundred years, Christians were
free to go to Jerusalem which was
called the Holy Land to visit the holy
places associated with the life and
death of Jesus Christ.
 However this privilege was revoked by
the Seljuk Turks; they were nomads
from the deserts of Central Asia who
embraced Islam.

22. Call For Crusade
 Emperor Alexius I asked help from
pope Urban II to save the empire and
preserve Christianity in the east.
 Pope Urban II called for a council
in1095 in Clermont where he invited
thousands of knights “to take up the
cross” and promised them forgiveness
for al their sins.

23. Reasons:
 Sincere desire to defend Christian
devotees
 For adventure
 Escape debts or the law
 To become wealthy
 They feared closure of trade
(merchants)

24. First Crusade ( 1096-1099)
- Joined by more than 10,000 farmers who did not
have any knowledge and training in warfare.
- A large part of the first crusade consisted of 20,000
to 25,000 knights.
- 1097- invaded Asia Minor; after 2 years Antioch in
Syria.
- July 15, 1099, they successfully entered Jerusalem
- Four Crusader states were established:
a. Kingdom of Jerusalem- Godfrey of Bouillon
b. Edessa
c. Antioch
d. Tripoli

25. Second Crusade (1147-1149)
 1144, Edessa once again fell into the
hands of the Seljuk.
 Bernard of Clairvaux called for another
crusade.
 Many responded but French and
German lords did not trust one
another. They left Europe separately.
 Immediate defeat to Musilims.

26. Third Crusade (1189-1192)
 1189- Seljuks captured all of the
crusader states except for the city of
Tyre.
 2 years after they captured Jerusalem;
the power of Muslims was returned to
Saladin.
 Three of the greatest kings of Europe
led the 3rd crusade: Frederick
Barbosa, Richard the Lion-Hearted,
and Philip Augustus.

27. Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)
 In 1198, Pope Innocent III called for a
Crusade to restore the once great honor of
Jerusalem.
 Instead of going to Jerusalem and fighting
the Muslims, the Crusaders invaded
Constantinople; because of the invitation of
the merchants of Venice that it was
necessary to bring back the Catholic faith
among the Christian Orthodox.
 1203, Crusaders captured Constantinople
and placed their emperor on the throne.
 Destroyed the altar in Hagia Sophia.

28. Results of the Crusade
 Failed to achieve its principal aim to
return Jerusalem into the hands of
Christians
 The Byzantine Empire was greatly
weakened by the crusades.
 At first crusade increased the power
and influence of the Pope. However,
after the 4th crusade, church received
criticisms and castigations.

29.  The crusade help the kings to extend
their power over the nobles who
controlled large tracts of lands.
 Improved science of warfare
 Hastened the growth of trade between
east and west
 Brought a new incentive in the search
for new trade routes and the
emergence of commercial towns.
 Helped in the discovery of Asia by the
Europeans.

30. Terms to remember:
 Christianity Inquisition
 University Interdict
 Church Holy Order
 Theology Crusade
 Basilica Church
 Mystery Play University