Histo Respiratory1
•Download as PPT, PDF•
7 likes•3,461 views
The respiratory system has two main functions: to bring air into and out of the body and to allow for gas exchange. It has a conducting portion made up of the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, which warm and moisten air. The respiratory portion includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. The walls of the respiratory tract have several layers including mucosa, submucosa, and adventitia. Ciliated columnar cells, goblet cells, brush cells, and basal cells make up the respiratory epithelium in the conducting portion.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Function of Respiratory System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Respiratory system
The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passageways. It has conducting and respiratory portions. The conducting portion includes structures like the nose, pharynx, and trachea that deliver air to the lungs. The respiratory portion includes lung structures like alveoli that exchange gases. The conducting airways contain lining, cartilage, smooth muscle and glands to warm, moisten and transport air while maintaining an open pathway. The document describes the detailed anatomy and histology of the different parts of the respiratory system.
Histo Respiratory2
The document summarizes the structure and histology of the bronchial tree. It begins with an overview of the primary, secondary, and tertiary branches. It then discusses the histological features of each part, including the presence of cartilage, glands, muscle layers, and epithelial cell types. The smallest branches are the bronchioles, which lead to the alveolar ducts and sacs where gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. The document includes diagrams and micrographs illustrating these structures.
Histology of respiratory system
This document provides an overview of the histology of the respiratory system. It describes the major components, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. For each component, it discusses the epithelial lining, underlying tissues like cartilage and smooth muscle, and histological structures. It emphasizes how the epithelial tissues and supporting structures change along the respiratory tract to condition air and facilitate gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary membrane. Diagrams and photomicrographs are included to illustrate histological features. The goal is to understand the microscopic anatomy and how it enables the functions of the respiratory system.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM HISTOLOGY
The document summarizes the histology of the respiratory system. It describes the structure of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. The trachea has ciliated pseudostratified epithelium and incomplete hyaline cartilage rings. The bronchi have plates of cartilage instead of rings and a smooth muscle layer between the lamina propria and submucosa. Bronchioles lack cartilage and glands. Terminal bronchioles have Clara cells and cuboidal epithelium. Respiratory bronchioles have alveoli in their walls. The lungs contain alveolar ducts, alveoli lined with simple squamous epithelium, and macrophages in the interalveolar septa.
Histology respiratory system
The document describes the histology of the respiratory system. It outlines the different parts of the lungs including the conducting portion made up of extrapulmonary bronchi, intrapulmonary bronchi, and terminal bronchioles. The respiratory portion includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. Diagrams show the structures of the epiglottis, bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
Ear histology
The ear consists of the external, middle, and inner ear. The inner ear contains the cochlea which houses the organ of Corti for hearing and the vestibular organs like the saccule and utricle for balance. Sound waves are transmitted through the external ear to the middle ear bones and then vibrations reach the inner ear where they are transduced by hair cells into nerve impulses for hearing and balance.
Histology of Respiratory system
The document describes the structure and function of the respiratory system. It discusses the upper and lower respiratory tract, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli. It explains how gas exchange occurs through the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. The document also covers breathing mechanics, lung anatomy, and how the muscles of respiration work to increase thoracic cavity volume and decrease pressure, allowing air to flow into the lungs.
Pulmonology Histology
The document summarizes the histology of the respiratory system. It describes the major divisions of the conducting and respiratory portions. The conducting portion includes structures like the nasal cavities and trachea lined with respiratory epithelium. The respiratory portion includes respiratory bronchioles and alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Alveoli are surrounded by interalveolar septa and lined by type I and II pneumocytes. Type II cells secrete pulmonary surfactant to prevent alveolar collapse. Capillaries in the septa are separated from alveolar air by the blood-air barrier to enable gas exchange.
Recommended
Respiratory system
The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passageways. It has conducting and respiratory portions. The conducting portion includes structures like the nose, pharynx, and trachea that deliver air to the lungs. The respiratory portion includes lung structures like alveoli that exchange gases. The conducting airways contain lining, cartilage, smooth muscle and glands to warm, moisten and transport air while maintaining an open pathway. The document describes the detailed anatomy and histology of the different parts of the respiratory system.
Histo Respiratory2
The document summarizes the structure and histology of the bronchial tree. It begins with an overview of the primary, secondary, and tertiary branches. It then discusses the histological features of each part, including the presence of cartilage, glands, muscle layers, and epithelial cell types. The smallest branches are the bronchioles, which lead to the alveolar ducts and sacs where gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. The document includes diagrams and micrographs illustrating these structures.
Histology of respiratory system
This document provides an overview of the histology of the respiratory system. It describes the major components, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. For each component, it discusses the epithelial lining, underlying tissues like cartilage and smooth muscle, and histological structures. It emphasizes how the epithelial tissues and supporting structures change along the respiratory tract to condition air and facilitate gas exchange at the alveolar-capillary membrane. Diagrams and photomicrographs are included to illustrate histological features. The goal is to understand the microscopic anatomy and how it enables the functions of the respiratory system.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM HISTOLOGY
The document summarizes the histology of the respiratory system. It describes the structure of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. The trachea has ciliated pseudostratified epithelium and incomplete hyaline cartilage rings. The bronchi have plates of cartilage instead of rings and a smooth muscle layer between the lamina propria and submucosa. Bronchioles lack cartilage and glands. Terminal bronchioles have Clara cells and cuboidal epithelium. Respiratory bronchioles have alveoli in their walls. The lungs contain alveolar ducts, alveoli lined with simple squamous epithelium, and macrophages in the interalveolar septa.
Histology respiratory system
The document describes the histology of the respiratory system. It outlines the different parts of the lungs including the conducting portion made up of extrapulmonary bronchi, intrapulmonary bronchi, and terminal bronchioles. The respiratory portion includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. Diagrams show the structures of the epiglottis, bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli.
Ear histology
The ear consists of the external, middle, and inner ear. The inner ear contains the cochlea which houses the organ of Corti for hearing and the vestibular organs like the saccule and utricle for balance. Sound waves are transmitted through the external ear to the middle ear bones and then vibrations reach the inner ear where they are transduced by hair cells into nerve impulses for hearing and balance.
Histology of Respiratory system
The document describes the structure and function of the respiratory system. It discusses the upper and lower respiratory tract, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli. It explains how gas exchange occurs through the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. The document also covers breathing mechanics, lung anatomy, and how the muscles of respiration work to increase thoracic cavity volume and decrease pressure, allowing air to flow into the lungs.
Pulmonology Histology
The document summarizes the histology of the respiratory system. It describes the major divisions of the conducting and respiratory portions. The conducting portion includes structures like the nasal cavities and trachea lined with respiratory epithelium. The respiratory portion includes respiratory bronchioles and alveoli where gas exchange occurs. Alveoli are surrounded by interalveolar septa and lined by type I and II pneumocytes. Type II cells secrete pulmonary surfactant to prevent alveolar collapse. Capillaries in the septa are separated from alveolar air by the blood-air barrier to enable gas exchange.
Histology of respiratory system
The respiratory system can be divided into a conducting portion and respiratory portion. The conducting portion includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, while the respiratory portion includes bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli where gas exchange occurs. As the passageways branch from the trachea into smaller bronchioles, the epithelium changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to simple cuboidal or squamous, and cartilages and glands disappear. In the alveoli, a thin blood-air barrier allows for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between the alveolar air space and capillaries.
Histology of the Respiratory System
The epithelium lining the respiratory tract from the nasal fossa through the bronchi is called the respiratory mucosa and is characterized by a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with abundant non-ciliated cells known as goblet cells. - [Source: medcell.med.yale.edu/histology/respiratory_system_lab.php]
Lymphatic system- Lymph nodes and Spleen
This document discusses the microanatomy of lymphoid organs and immune cells. It describes the structure and function of lymphocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic and circulatory systems. Key cells and tissues discussed include B cells, T cells, macrophages, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels, sinusoids, and white and red pulp. The roles of these components in immune function, antigen presentation, and filtration are summarized.
Respiration
The respiratory system has three main divisions: 1) conducting zone - nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles which warm, moisten and conduct air, 2) respiratory zone - respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli where gas exchange occurs, 3) ventilating portion - diaphragm and intercostal muscles which induce breathing movements. The conducting airways are lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium while the respiratory zone contains alveoli lined by thin type I cells and surfactant-producing type II cells to facilitate gas exchange via an extremely thin blood-air barrier.
Histology of Digestive system
The document describes the general structure and functions of the digestive system. It is composed of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Together these organs ingest, break down, absorb and eliminate food and waste products from the body. The document provides details on the histology and roles of each section of the GI tract and accessory organs in the multi-step digestive process.
Histology of circulatory system
functions of circulatory system
histology of the heart, histology of the arteries, histology of the
capillaries, histology of the veins
The urinary system
The kidney functions to regulate osmolarity, remove metabolic waste, and produce hormones. It contains nephrons which filter blood to form urine. Each nephron includes a renal corpuscle and renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule is made of several segments that modify the filtrate through reabsorption, secretion, and other processes. Urine exits the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder and urethra to be excreted from the body.
11 respiratory system
The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It functions to conduct air, filter air, exchange gases, produce speech, and stimulate smell. The conducting portion includes the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. The respiratory portion is where gas exchange occurs, including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs containing alveoli. Blood vessels branch with the airways to form capillaries surrounding alveoli for gas exchange. The nasal cavities warm, moisten, and filter air via ciliated epithelium and mucus. The trachea and bronchi contain cartilage and smooth muscle and transition to the bronchioles lined
Histology (histology of upper urinary tract)
This document summarizes the key components and histology of the urinary system, including the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and juxtaglomerular apparatus. It describes the cortex, medulla, glomeruli, calyces, and other structures of the kidney. It also outlines the transitional epithelium, muscle layers, and adventitia of the ureter. The urinary bladder components discussed are the transitional epithelium, umbrella cells, and muscle layers. The juxtaglomerular apparatus role in regulating blood pressure and filtration is summarized. Histopathological findings for each organ are also listed.
Ultrastructure of cells of respiratory system
It describes the ultra-structure of various types of cells found in respiratory system. Some electron microscopic figures are there for proper understanding.
Histology of respiratory system larynx trache and lung
The respiratory system document describes the anatomy and histology of several key structures:
1. The larynx contains cartilage including the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages that form the framework. It is lined with epithelium and contains vocal folds and vestibular folds.
2. The trachea walls are made of cartilage, smooth muscle, and epithelium. It contains submucosal glands and transitions to bronchi in the lungs.
3. In the lungs, the walls of bronchi contain smooth muscle and cartilage that decrease in smaller bronchioles. Bronchioles lead to alveoli which are lined by pneumocytes and an epithelial layer that forms the blood
Renal Histology
The document provides details on renal anatomy and histology. It describes the structure and function of the kidney, nephron, blood supply, and other components. Key points include:
- The kidney contains nephrons that filter blood to form urine and regulate water/electrolyte balance.
- Nephrons consist of a renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule and collecting duct.
- Juxtamedullary nephrons help concentrate urine while cortical nephrons filter plasma and reabsorb molecules.
- The macula densa and juxtaglomerular apparatus sense filtration rate and regulate blood pressure.
Lungs -Histology
The document summarizes the histology of the lungs. It describes the conducting and respiratory portions of the respiratory system. In the conducting portion, it details the different cell types found in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. It then discusses the respiratory portion including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. It notes that alveoli are lined by type I and type II alveolar cells and surrounded by capillaries, facilitating gas exchange.
Lecture13 microscopic structure of the respiratory
The document summarizes the microscopic structure and function of the respiratory system. It describes the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, lungs and their histological components. The respiratory system consists of conducting passages that deliver air to the gas exchange surfaces in the lungs. The lungs are made up of bronchioles that divide into alveolar ducts and hundreds of millions of alveoli where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs through a thin epithelial barrier.
Histology of digestive system 2
The document summarizes the histology of the digestive system. It describes the four main layers of the digestive tract (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa) and provides details on the histology of specific regions including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and ruminant stomach. It outlines the epithelial cell types, glands, and muscle layers present in each region.
Histo Respiratory1
The document summarizes the structure and function of the respiratory system. It describes the conducting portion which includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles that warm and moisten air. It then describes the respiratory portion which includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli where gas exchange occurs. It discusses the layers of the wall and types of epithelium found in the conducting portion, including ciliated columnar cells, mucous goblet cells, brush cells and basal cells.
03.18.09(c): Eye Histology
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 CNS sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1CNS
Histology of thyroid gland and pineal gland
The document discusses the histology of the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and pineal gland. The thyroid gland contains a connective tissue component forming a capsule, septa, and stroma, as well as a parenchymal component consisting of thyroid follicles and parafollicular C cells. The parathyroid gland contains connective tissue and parenchymal chief and oxyphil cells. The pineal gland contains pinealocytes, astroglial cells, and brain sand.
Histology of Kidney
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and consists of a renal corpuscle containing the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, and renal tubules. The renal cortex contains proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules as well as interlobular arteries and veins. The glomerulus contains glomerular capillaries that filter blood, with mesangial cells helping to control glomerular function and blood pressure. Filtration occurs through the capillary endothelium, glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes before entering the proximal tubules where most reabsorption occurs.
Histology of the Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system consists of cells, tissues, and organs that monitor the body for harmful substances. The main components are lymphocytes, lymphatic tissues found in lymph nodes and other structures, and lymphatic organs like the spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Lymphatic tissues contain lymphocytes that fight infection and other threats. The lymphatic system's functions include monitoring the body, responding to harmful substances, and producing immune cells. Key lymphatic organs are the thymus, which produces T cells, and lymph nodes, spleen, and skin/mucosal tissues, which help the immune response.
Anatomy of the Nose | SurgicoMed.com
The nose has two parts - the external nose and internal nose. The external nose is made of bone and cartilage and covered in skin, muscles, and glands. The internal nose is divided by the nasal septum into left and right nasal cavities. Each cavity contains the vestibule in front lined by skin and the nasal cavity proper lined by mucosa. The nasal cavity contains turbinates which increase the surface area for airflow and drainage of paranasal sinuses. Nerves supply sensation and control blood flow and secretions to support the nose's roles in breathing, smell, and drainage.
13. respiratory49
The respiratory system functions to bring air into and out of the body to facilitate gas exchange. It has conducting and respiratory portions. The conducting portion includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles which warm and moisten air. The respiratory portion includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli where gas exchange occurs. The document then describes the histology and development of the various structures in detail.
More Related Content
What's hot
Histology of respiratory system
The respiratory system can be divided into a conducting portion and respiratory portion. The conducting portion includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, while the respiratory portion includes bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli where gas exchange occurs. As the passageways branch from the trachea into smaller bronchioles, the epithelium changes from pseudostratified ciliated columnar to simple cuboidal or squamous, and cartilages and glands disappear. In the alveoli, a thin blood-air barrier allows for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between the alveolar air space and capillaries.
Histology of the Respiratory System
The epithelium lining the respiratory tract from the nasal fossa through the bronchi is called the respiratory mucosa and is characterized by a pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with abundant non-ciliated cells known as goblet cells. - [Source: medcell.med.yale.edu/histology/respiratory_system_lab.php]
Lymphatic system- Lymph nodes and Spleen
This document discusses the microanatomy of lymphoid organs and immune cells. It describes the structure and function of lymphocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphatic and circulatory systems. Key cells and tissues discussed include B cells, T cells, macrophages, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels, sinusoids, and white and red pulp. The roles of these components in immune function, antigen presentation, and filtration are summarized.
Respiration
The respiratory system has three main divisions: 1) conducting zone - nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles which warm, moisten and conduct air, 2) respiratory zone - respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli where gas exchange occurs, 3) ventilating portion - diaphragm and intercostal muscles which induce breathing movements. The conducting airways are lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium while the respiratory zone contains alveoli lined by thin type I cells and surfactant-producing type II cells to facilitate gas exchange via an extremely thin blood-air barrier.
Histology of Digestive system
The document describes the general structure and functions of the digestive system. It is composed of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Together these organs ingest, break down, absorb and eliminate food and waste products from the body. The document provides details on the histology and roles of each section of the GI tract and accessory organs in the multi-step digestive process.
Histology of circulatory system
functions of circulatory system
histology of the heart, histology of the arteries, histology of the
capillaries, histology of the veins
The urinary system
The kidney functions to regulate osmolarity, remove metabolic waste, and produce hormones. It contains nephrons which filter blood to form urine. Each nephron includes a renal corpuscle and renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule is made of several segments that modify the filtrate through reabsorption, secretion, and other processes. Urine exits the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder and urethra to be excreted from the body.
11 respiratory system
The respiratory system consists of the lungs and air passages. It functions to conduct air, filter air, exchange gases, produce speech, and stimulate smell. The conducting portion includes the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. The respiratory portion is where gas exchange occurs, including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs containing alveoli. Blood vessels branch with the airways to form capillaries surrounding alveoli for gas exchange. The nasal cavities warm, moisten, and filter air via ciliated epithelium and mucus. The trachea and bronchi contain cartilage and smooth muscle and transition to the bronchioles lined
Histology (histology of upper urinary tract)
This document summarizes the key components and histology of the urinary system, including the kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and juxtaglomerular apparatus. It describes the cortex, medulla, glomeruli, calyces, and other structures of the kidney. It also outlines the transitional epithelium, muscle layers, and adventitia of the ureter. The urinary bladder components discussed are the transitional epithelium, umbrella cells, and muscle layers. The juxtaglomerular apparatus role in regulating blood pressure and filtration is summarized. Histopathological findings for each organ are also listed.
Ultrastructure of cells of respiratory system
It describes the ultra-structure of various types of cells found in respiratory system. Some electron microscopic figures are there for proper understanding.
Histology of respiratory system larynx trache and lung
The respiratory system document describes the anatomy and histology of several key structures:
1. The larynx contains cartilage including the thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages that form the framework. It is lined with epithelium and contains vocal folds and vestibular folds.
2. The trachea walls are made of cartilage, smooth muscle, and epithelium. It contains submucosal glands and transitions to bronchi in the lungs.
3. In the lungs, the walls of bronchi contain smooth muscle and cartilage that decrease in smaller bronchioles. Bronchioles lead to alveoli which are lined by pneumocytes and an epithelial layer that forms the blood
Renal Histology
The document provides details on renal anatomy and histology. It describes the structure and function of the kidney, nephron, blood supply, and other components. Key points include:
- The kidney contains nephrons that filter blood to form urine and regulate water/electrolyte balance.
- Nephrons consist of a renal corpuscle, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule and collecting duct.
- Juxtamedullary nephrons help concentrate urine while cortical nephrons filter plasma and reabsorb molecules.
- The macula densa and juxtaglomerular apparatus sense filtration rate and regulate blood pressure.
Lungs -Histology
The document summarizes the histology of the lungs. It describes the conducting and respiratory portions of the respiratory system. In the conducting portion, it details the different cell types found in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. It then discusses the respiratory portion including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. It notes that alveoli are lined by type I and type II alveolar cells and surrounded by capillaries, facilitating gas exchange.
Lecture13 microscopic structure of the respiratory
The document summarizes the microscopic structure and function of the respiratory system. It describes the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, lungs and their histological components. The respiratory system consists of conducting passages that deliver air to the gas exchange surfaces in the lungs. The lungs are made up of bronchioles that divide into alveolar ducts and hundreds of millions of alveoli where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs through a thin epithelial barrier.
Histology of digestive system 2
The document summarizes the histology of the digestive system. It describes the four main layers of the digestive tract (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa) and provides details on the histology of specific regions including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and ruminant stomach. It outlines the epithelial cell types, glands, and muscle layers present in each region.
Histo Respiratory1
The document summarizes the structure and function of the respiratory system. It describes the conducting portion which includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles that warm and moisten air. It then describes the respiratory portion which includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli where gas exchange occurs. It discusses the layers of the wall and types of epithelium found in the conducting portion, including ciliated columnar cells, mucous goblet cells, brush cells and basal cells.
03.18.09(c): Eye Histology
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical
School's M1 CNS sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
openmi.ch/med-M1CNS
Histology of thyroid gland and pineal gland
The document discusses the histology of the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and pineal gland. The thyroid gland contains a connective tissue component forming a capsule, septa, and stroma, as well as a parenchymal component consisting of thyroid follicles and parafollicular C cells. The parathyroid gland contains connective tissue and parenchymal chief and oxyphil cells. The pineal gland contains pinealocytes, astroglial cells, and brain sand.
Histology of Kidney
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney and consists of a renal corpuscle containing the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, and renal tubules. The renal cortex contains proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules as well as interlobular arteries and veins. The glomerulus contains glomerular capillaries that filter blood, with mesangial cells helping to control glomerular function and blood pressure. Filtration occurs through the capillary endothelium, glomerular basement membrane, and podocytes before entering the proximal tubules where most reabsorption occurs.
Histology of the Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system consists of cells, tissues, and organs that monitor the body for harmful substances. The main components are lymphocytes, lymphatic tissues found in lymph nodes and other structures, and lymphatic organs like the spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Lymphatic tissues contain lymphocytes that fight infection and other threats. The lymphatic system's functions include monitoring the body, responding to harmful substances, and producing immune cells. Key lymphatic organs are the thymus, which produces T cells, and lymph nodes, spleen, and skin/mucosal tissues, which help the immune response.
What's hot (20)
Histology of respiratory system larynx trache and lung
Histology of respiratory system larynx trache and lung
Lecture13 microscopic structure of the respiratory
Lecture13 microscopic structure of the respiratory
Viewers also liked
Anatomy of the Nose | SurgicoMed.com
The nose has two parts - the external nose and internal nose. The external nose is made of bone and cartilage and covered in skin, muscles, and glands. The internal nose is divided by the nasal septum into left and right nasal cavities. Each cavity contains the vestibule in front lined by skin and the nasal cavity proper lined by mucosa. The nasal cavity contains turbinates which increase the surface area for airflow and drainage of paranasal sinuses. Nerves supply sensation and control blood flow and secretions to support the nose's roles in breathing, smell, and drainage.
13. respiratory49
The respiratory system functions to bring air into and out of the body to facilitate gas exchange. It has conducting and respiratory portions. The conducting portion includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles which warm and moisten air. The respiratory portion includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli where gas exchange occurs. The document then describes the histology and development of the various structures in detail.
Nose And Paranasal Sinusefinal
The document describes the histological features of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. It discusses the three parts of the nasal cavity - the vestibular, respiratory, and olfactory mucosa. The respiratory mucosa lines the respiratory part of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It consists of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells and contains serous and mucous glands. The olfactory mucosa contains bipolar olfactory neurons, supporting cells, and basal stem cells. It is located in the upper part of the nose and detects smells. The paranasal sinuses are air filled cavities connected to the nose and are also lined with respiratory mucosa.
Nasal mucosa
This presentation deals with the study of anatomy and physiology of nasal mucosa and the potential advantage of nasal administration of therapeutic agents...
Anatomy of nose and paranasal sinus
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It describes the external nose, nasal cavity, nasal septum, lateral walls of the nasal cavity, blood supply and nerve supply to the nose and nasal cavity. It then discusses the four paranasal sinuses - maxillary, frontal, sphenoidal and ethmoid sinuses - including their locations, openings and functions. It concludes with some clinical notes on examining the nose and sinuses and common conditions that may affect them.
Histology lab URT
The document summarizes histological features of different parts of the respiratory system. In the larynx, it describes the lining of the ventricle, false vocal cords, and true vocal cords. It then discusses the trachea, noting the C-shaped hyaline cartilage, submucosal glands, and respiratory epithelium. Finally, it compares the primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi, noting differences in cartilage, smooth muscle, glands, and lymphatic aggregates between the levels.
Respiratory System Anatomy
The respiratory system consists of conducting and respiratory portions. The conducting portion includes the nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi. It contains cartilage and pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. The respiratory portion includes bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. It lacks cartilage and contains simple cuboidal epithelium with Type I and II pneumocytes for gas exchange. The alveoli are surrounded by a highly vascularized connective tissue layer and are the primary sites of oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange.
Respiratory epithelium
The respiratory epithelium lines the respiratory tract from the nose to the trachea. It is classified as ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium in the upper airways, composed mainly of ciliated cells, goblet cells, and basal cells. The cilia beat in a coordinated way to move mucus up the airways via the mucociliary escalator, trapping pathogens and particles to be expelled or swallowed, protecting the lungs.
01.07.09(b): Tubular GI Tract - Stomach
Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 Gastrointestinal / Liver sequence
View additional course materials on Open.Michigan:
http://openmi.ch/med-m1gastro
Ch sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis is defined as inflammation of the paranasal sinus lining that lasts more than 3 months, often following acute sinusitis. The maxillary sinus is commonly involved. Predisposing factors include anatomical variations, infections, allergies, dental issues, and procedures like nasal packing. Chronic sinusitis is classified pathologically as hypertrophic, atrophic, or papillary, depending on the type and location of inflammation. Clinically, it is classified as simple chronic infective sinusitis, mixed infective and vasomotor sinusitis, or fungal sinusitis. Symptoms include nasal, pharyngeal, ear, headache, and eye issues. Management involves medical treatment with antibiotics, decongestants,
Fess complications
This document discusses avoiding complications during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). It outlines common complications like injury to the orbit, optic nerve, great vessels, and nasolacrimal duct. Factors that help avoid complications include using nasal endoscopes, precise instruments, imaging guidance, and thorough knowledge of anatomy. Complications are more common during revision surgery, surgery for polyps, and in patients with complex anatomy. Careful attention to anatomical landmarks can help reduce risks.
Chronic rhinosinusitis
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is defined as inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses characterized by two or more symptoms for at least 12 weeks, one of which must be either nasal blockage/congestion or nasal discharge. CRS subtypes include CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Diagnosis involves symptom assessment, nasal endoscopy, and sometimes CT scans or allergy testing. Risk factors include allergy, asthma, aspirin sensitivity, smoking and genetic factors. Treatment involves nasal saline irrigation, corticosteroids and surgery.
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), Minimally invasive surgery for Si...
Safemedtrip india's number one company of medical treatment, which provide low cost treatment package for international patient. if you have any problem Please scan and email your medical reports to us at hospitalindia@gmail.com or help@safemedtrip.com or call us at +91-9899993637 and we shall get you a Free, No Obligation Opinion from India's leading Specialist Doctors.
FESS
2015./2016.akad.gada 1.semestra LOR pulciņa 6.sēdes prezentācija "FESS". Darba autore Karīna Jelagova (RSU MF V kursa studente).
Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: diagnosis and management: current opinions.
This document discusses rhinosinusitis, including:
- The types of ENT referrals received and conditions referred for treatment.
- The classification, diagnosis, and treatment of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis.
- Guidelines for treating rhinosinusitis with antibiotics, steroids, and surgery.
- The role of imaging like CT and MRI in diagnosing rhinosinusitis.
Upper respiratory system- anatomy
The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the respiratory system. It describes the major organs that make up the respiratory system including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and diaphragm. It examines the role of these organs in oxygen intake, carbon dioxide removal, and air conduction throughout the respiratory tract. Key functions like ventilation, gas exchange, and transport are summarized.
Acute sinusitis
- Sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, most commonly caused by viral or bacterial infection following a cold or allergy. The maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are most frequently involved.
- Symptoms include facial pain, headache, nasal congestion and discharge. Diagnosis is made clinically but imaging may be used if symptoms are severe or persistent.
- Treatment involves pain relief, decongestants, antihistamines, nasal saline washes and a 10-14 day course of antibiotics like amoxicillin for bacterial sinusitis. Follow up and preventing triggers can help reduce risk of recurrence.
Nose and paranasal sinuses
This document discusses the anatomy and development of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It begins with the embryonic development of the nose from 4-7 weeks of gestation. It then describes the development of the paranasal sinuses from 25-28 weeks of gestation onward. Next, it covers the anatomy of the external nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and related structures. It concludes with brief sections on the functions, blood supply, innervation and common conditions like sinusitis that can affect the nose and sinuses.
Anatomy of nose and paranasal sinuses
This document describes the anatomy and physiology of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It discusses the development, external anatomy, internal anatomy including the nasal septum and lateral nasal wall, blood supply, nerve supply, paranasal sinuses, and physiology of the nose. Key structures mentioned include the nasal valve, osteomeatal complex, turbinates, and mucociliary clearance mechanism that protects the lower airways.
Sinusitis
The document discusses sinusitis, or inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. It describes the anatomy and development of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses. Sinusitis is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection following rhinitis. Symptoms include nasal congestion, facial pain, and headache. Treatment involves antibiotics, pain medication, saline irrigation and follow up to monitor for complications or lack of improvement.
Viewers also liked (20)
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), Minimally invasive surgery for Si...
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), Minimally invasive surgery for Si...
Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: diagnosis and management: current opinions.
Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: diagnosis and management: current opinions.
Similar to Histo Respiratory1
Basic Pulmonary anatomy, Physiology of respiratory system
The document provides an overview of pulmonary anatomy, beginning with the upper airways including the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. It then discusses the lower airway structures including the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and the gas exchange regions of the lungs containing respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. Key functions and histological features are described for each region, highlighting structures like the mucociliary escalator that help filter and remove particles from the lungs.
Chapter 22: Respiratory System (#1)
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system. It begins by outlining the major conducting structures of the respiratory system from the nose to the alveoli. It then describes each structure in more detail, including their location, tissue composition, and functions. Key points covered include the protective and warming functions of the nose, the roles of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and terminal bronchioles in conducting air, and the gas exchange that occurs across the respiratory membrane in the alveoli.
Respiratorysystem
The document discusses respiration from multiple perspectives. Cellular respiration refers to the breakdown of glucose in mitochondria to produce ATP, while respiratory systems exchange gases between the body and environment. Respiratory systems move oxygen into tissues for cellular respiration and remove the carbon dioxide waste. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and pharynx, and warms and filters incoming air. The lower respiratory tract within the thorax includes the trachea and bronchial tree leading to the lungs, which extract oxygen and release carbon dioxide through millions of alveoli. Common respiratory diseases that can impair function include asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia and lung cancer.
Respiratorysystem
The document discusses respiration from multiple perspectives. Cellular respiration refers to the breakdown of glucose in mitochondria to produce ATP, while respiratory systems exchange gases between the body and environment. Respiratory systems move oxygen into tissues for cellular respiration and remove the carbon dioxide waste. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and pharynx, and warms and filters incoming air. The lower respiratory tract within the thorax includes the trachea and bronchial tree leading to the lungs, which extract oxygen and release carbon dioxide through millions of alveoli. Common respiratory diseases that can impair function include asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia and lung cancer.
Respiratorysystem
The document discusses respiration from multiple perspectives. Cellular respiration refers to the breakdown of glucose in mitochondria to produce ATP, while respiratory systems exchange gases between the body and environment. Respiratory systems move oxygen into tissues and carbon dioxide out of cells. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and pharynx, and warms and filters incoming air. The lower respiratory tract within the thorax includes the trachea and bronchial tree leading to the lungs, which extract oxygen and release carbon dioxide through millions of alveoli. Common respiratory diseases that can impair function include asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia and lung cancer.
Respiratorysystem
The document discusses respiration from multiple perspectives. Cellular respiration is the process by which glucose is broken down to produce ATP in mitochondria. Respiratory systems exchange gases between the body and environment, allowing oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal. Respiration is also commonly referred to as breathing. The respiratory system can be divided into the upper and lower tract. The upper tract includes the nose, sinuses and pharynx. The lower tract contains the trachea, bronchi and lungs. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs through diffusion. Several respiratory diseases are also outlined.
Chapter 19
The respiratory system consists of passages that filter and transport air into the lungs and body. Respiration involves gas exchange between the atmosphere and cells. The organs of the respiratory system include the upper respiratory tract (nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx) and lower respiratory tract (larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs). The lungs are the primary organs of respiration and facilitate gas exchange through millions of alveoli.
Chapter21 respiratorymarieb
The respiratory system includes the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and respiratory membranes in the pleural cavities. The nose and nasal cavity warm and humidify inhaled air and filter out particles. The lungs are located in the pleural cavities and are divided into lobes. Gas exchange occurs between the alveoli in the lungs and capillaries through a thin respiratory membrane. Various muscles such as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles aid in ventilation.
Anatomy Physiology of ear
This document discusses the anatomy and parts of the ear, including the external ear, middle ear, and inner ear. It describes the structures within the middle ear cleft such as the three ossicles, two muscles, chorda tympani, and tympanic plexus. It also outlines the layers of the tympanic membrane and its nerve supply. Finally, it provides details on the inner ear and functions of the mastoid air cells and fluid compartments.
ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM for students.pptx
The respiratory system consists of an upper respiratory tract and a lower respiratory tract. The conducting portion transports air from the nose to the lungs, while the respiratory portion exchanges gases in the alveoli. The respiratory tract contains a conducting zone from the nasal cavity to terminal bronchioles and a respiratory zone from bronchioles to alveoli. Gas exchange takes place in the thin walls of the alveoli where oxygen diffuses into pulmonary capillaries and carbon dioxide diffuses out. The lungs are divided into lobes and surrounded by pleural membranes that allow for ventilation.
Respiratory system of ox
The respiratory system has an upper respiratory tract consisting of the nose, nasal cavities, and pharynx, and a lower respiratory tract consisting of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs. The nose warms, moistens, and filters air and detects odors. The lungs contain bronchioles that divide into microscopic air sacs called alveoli where gas exchange takes place. The lungs are surrounded by pleural membranes that produce a fluid allowing the lungs to move smoothly within the chest cavity during breathing.
3@lung and pleura
The lungs are located within the thoracic cavity and are surrounded by the pleural membranes. Each lung has a conical shape with an apex and base. The right lung is divided into three lobes and the left lung into two lobes by fissures. Over 300 million alveoli within the lungs provide a vast surface area for gas exchange to occur between the air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
Lecture 21 respiratory system
The document describes the respiratory system and its functions. It discusses how respiration includes pulmonary ventilation where air moves in and out of the lungs, gas exchange between the blood and air in the alveoli, and transport of gases between the lungs and body cells. It also describes cellular respiration where oxygen is used by cells and carbon dioxide is produced. The respiratory organs include the conducting zone which carries air to the respiratory zone in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
respiratory system
The document describes the key components and processes of the respiratory system. It begins by outlining the major parts of the respiratory system including the conducting zone, which carries air to the lungs, and the respiratory zone, where gas exchange occurs. It then discusses the major structures involved in ventilation, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. It describes how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the air and blood in the alveoli through diffusion. In summary, the document provides an overview of the organs and processes that make up the respiratory system and allow for gas exchange in the body.
Respiration and circulation
1) Respiration involves the intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide through breathing and gas exchange in the lungs and tissues.
2) In humans, air enters through the nose and mouth, passes through the pharynx and larynx, and enters the trachea and bronchi leading to the lungs. Gas exchange occurs in alveoli surrounded by capillaries.
3) Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood while carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli, allowing respiration to provide energy to cells through cellular respiration.
The Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity.pptx
The nasal cavity consists of bones, tissues, blood vessels, and nerves that make up the interior of the nose. It has three main functions: warming and humidifying inhaled air, acting as a barrier for the immune system, and providing the sense of smell. The nasal cavity contains three regions - the vestibule, respiratory region, and olfactory region. It is made up of 12 bones and has complex blood supply from various arteries in the head and face.
Respiratory system slide show
The respiratory system has both primary and secondary functions. Its primary functions are to provide oxygen for metabolism and remove carbon dioxide. Its secondary functions include facilitating smell, producing speech, and maintaining acid-base balance and body water levels. The upper respiratory system includes the nose, which filters and humidifies air, and the pharynx, which serves as a passageway. The lower respiratory system includes the trachea, bronchi, and lungs, where gas exchange occurs in tiny sacs called alveoli.
Nose and paranasal sinuses
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It describes the external and internal structures of the nose, including the nasal cavity, septum, turbinates, and paranasal sinuses. It also discusses the blood supply, nerve innervation, development, common congenital anomalies, diagnostic imaging techniques, and physical examination of the nose and sinuses.
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
The respiratory system allows for gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and lungs. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity and sinuses which warm, moisten and filter inhaled air. The lower respiratory tract includes the lungs and airways inside the chest. The lungs contain bronchioles and alveoli where gas exchange occurs. During respiration, oxygen is absorbed into the blood from the alveoli and carbon dioxide is released, in a continuous cycle of breathing in and out.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.PDF
This document provides an overview of the human respiratory system. It describes that respiration involves the intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide through both external respiration in the lungs and internal respiration in tissues. The respiratory system works with the cardiovascular system to transport these gases. Key parts of the respiratory system are described including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and associated muscles and organs. Gas exchange processes like pulmonary ventilation, external respiration and internal respiration are defined. The roles and structures of the upper and lower respiratory tract are outlined.
Similar to Histo Respiratory1 (20)
Basic Pulmonary anatomy, Physiology of respiratory system
Basic Pulmonary anatomy, Physiology of respiratory system
ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM for students.pptx
ANATOMY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM for students.pptx
More from MBBS IMS MSU
Hema practical 05 hema staining
This document provides instructions for several common pathology laboratory procedures using capillary blood samples including preparing blood films, performing Leishman's and Giemsa staining, measuring coagulation time using the slide method, and determining blood groups also using the slide method. It notes that capillary puncture is preferred for peripheral blood smears and that the site should not be squeezed to obtain blood as that alters the composition and invalidates test results. Warming extremities may facilitate blood collection.
Hema practical 03 coagulation
This document discusses various laboratory tests used to investigate hemostasis and coagulation disorders. It outlines five primary screening tests, including platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and fibrinogen level. More specific coagulation factor assays and tests of fibrinolysis are also mentioned. Details are provided on procedures for common coagulation tests like PT, PTT, thrombin time (TT) and activated coagulation time (ACT). The document discusses the clinical implications of abnormal results and potential interfering factors for interpretation.
Hema practical 02 hematology
The document discusses various components of a basic blood test. It provides details on the normal composition and functions of blood, as well as procedures for blood specimen collection. It also explains the clinical implications and reference ranges for various components analyzed in a complete blood count test, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and sedimentation rate.
Pharmacology anticoagulation
The document discusses anticoagulants and their use in preventing blood clots. It describes tests like PT, INR, and PTT that are used to monitor anticoagulant therapy and provides normal ranges. PT measures clotting factors while INR standardizes PT results between labs. PTT evaluates heparin therapy and clotting factors. Warfarin users should have an INR of 2.0-3.0 for basic needs or 2.5-3.5 if at high risk of clots.
Microbiology hiv-yf
This document summarizes key information about HIV/AIDS, including its history, virology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It describes how HIV was first identified in 1981 as the cause of AIDS, belongs to the retrovirus family, and has two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. Over 30 million people have died of AIDS since 1981, and approximately 2.5 million people are newly infected with HIV each year.
Forensic medicine firearms and firearm injuries
Firearms can be classified as either smooth-bore or rifled-bore weapons. Smooth-bore weapons like shotguns fire multiple projectiles at once, while rifled weapons like pistols and rifles fire a single bullet. Entry wounds vary based on the firearm caliber and distance, from contact wounds with scorching and blackening to distant wounds with scattered powder markings. Exit wounds show a torn hole dependent on the bullet's momentum and any bone fragments carried with it. Forensic analysis of entry and exit wounds can help reconstruct shooting incidents and determine factors like self-infliction, range, direction, and whether a particular weapon was involved.
Forensic medicine firearms and firearm injuries
Firearms can be classified as either smooth-bore or rifled-bore weapons. Smooth-bore weapons like shotguns fire multiple projectiles at once, while rifled weapons like pistols and rifles fire a single bullet. Entry wounds vary based on the firearm caliber and distance, from contact wounds with scorching and blackening at close range to split entry holes at a more distant range. Exit wounds show a torn hole dependent on the bullet's momentum and any bone fragments carried with it, and the entry wound may be larger than the exit wound at close range. Forensic analysis of gunshot wounds can help reconstruct shooting incidents and determine factors like self-infliction, range, direction, and whether a particular weapon
Forensic medicine changes after death
The document discusses changes that occur after death, including cooling of the body, hypostasis (livor mortis), rigor mortis, and decomposition. It provides details on the timing and processes of each change and factors that can influence them. Multiple criteria for determining brain death are also outlined from different medical organizations between 1966-1985. The document recommends brain death be recognized as death and that two specialists should diagnose it.
Pharmacology cvs medicine
1) Heart failure is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs due to issues with how the heart fills or empties.
2) Common causes include heart attacks, high blood pressure, and heart valve problems.
3) The renin-angiotensin system helps regulate blood pressure and fluid levels in the body and is activated in heart failure. Drugs that block this system such as ACE inhibitors are used to treat heart failure.
Pharmacology antiarrhythmias
1. Arrhythmias occur when the heart beats too fast, too slow, or with an irregular rhythm due to problems with the heart's electrical conduction system.
2. Several classes of antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat arrhythmias by blocking sodium, calcium, or potassium channels to suppress abnormal automaticity or conduction in the heart.
3. Common antiarrhythmic drugs include quinidine, mexiletine, flecainide, propranolol, amiodarone, dofetilide, verapamil and diltiazem. These drugs have different mechanisms of action and potential side effects like cardiac toxicity that require careful monitoring.
Pharmacology angina
This document discusses antianginal drugs used to treat angina pectoris, or chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. There are three main classes of drugs used: organic nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers. Organic nitrates like nitroglycerin work by dilating blood vessels to increase blood flow to the heart and reduce its workload. Beta-blockers lower the heart rate and force of contraction to decrease oxygen demand. Calcium channel blockers inhibit calcium entry into heart and blood vessel cells to relax vessels and reduce workload. Each drug class is described in more detail regarding mechanisms, effects, pharmacokinetics, uses, and side effects.
Pathology hematology 3
Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by a point mutation in the beta globin gene, resulting in abnormal hemoglobin S. This leads to polymerization of hemoglobin and distortion of red blood cells. Clinical manifestations include anemia, bone pain, acute chest syndrome, and organ damage to tissues like the spleen, liver, and kidneys. The condition is diagnosed through blood tests detecting hemoglobin electrophoresis patterns and genetic testing.
Forensic medicine the medico-legal autopsy
The document summarizes the key steps and components of a medico-legal autopsy, including:
1) Obtaining social, medical, and psychiatric history from relatives, medical records, and police reports to understand the context of the death.
2) Identifying the deceased through visual recognition, personal effects, medical records, and fingerprints.
3) Examining the deceased's clothing and personal effects for clues about their lifestyle and the events surrounding their death.
4) Conducting an external examination of the body and documenting any injuries, markings, or other observations.
5) Performing an internal examination of the body to describe any natural diseases, injuries, or other findings.
6) Determining the cause
Forensic medicine post mortem artefact
Animal activity after death can cause superficial tissue damage resembling abrasions on bodies found in sandy locations. Insects, ants, beetles and other scavengers will invade the body. In more covered places, mammals like rats, mice, dogs and foxes may feed on bodies when food supplies are low, destroying large areas. Birds like buzzards and crows can pick a body clean in a few days depending on the season. Water bodies host crustaceans, fish and birds that can cause extensive soft tissue damage, with characteristic marks. During autopsy, pathologists must be careful not to misinterpret accidental bone fractures or tissue damage caused by their own actions as injuries. Clinicians' resuscitation efforts or diagnostic techniques ante
Pharmacology anemia and its treatment
The document discusses anemia, including its causes, types, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines anemia as a low red blood cell count or low hemoglobin levels. The main causes are blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, and increased red blood cell destruction. Anemia can be classified as microcytic, macrocytic, or normocytic based on red blood cell size. Treatment involves iron supplements in the form of ferrous sulfate, though some patients require alternative preparations due to side effects. Precautions are needed as iron can be toxic in high doses.
Pharmacology neuromuscular blockers & anemia
Skeletal muscle relaxants are drugs that affect skeletal muscle function by decreasing muscle tone. There are two main types: neuromuscular blockers that interfere with transmission at the neuromuscular junction and have no central nervous system activity, often used during surgery; and centrally-acting muscle relaxants that are used to alleviate musculoskeletal pain and spasms by acting in the central nervous system. Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient, defined as a hemoglobin level below 13 g/dL for men and 12 g/dL for non-pregnant women. Anemia can be caused by blood loss, decreased red blood cell production, or increased red
Pharmacology - Parkinsonism
Parkinsonism is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, resting tremor, and impaired balance. It can be caused by idiopathic Parkinson's disease, vascular issues, certain drugs that block dopamine, or dementia with Lewy bodies. Treatment aims to increase dopamine in the brain and involves levodopa, dopamine agonists, MAO inhibitors, COMT inhibitors, amantadine, and anticholinergic drugs.
Forensic medicine medical negligence
Medical negligence occurs when a doctor breaches his duty of care owed to a patient, resulting in injury to the patient. For a claim of medical negligence to be successful, it must be proven that the doctor owed a duty of care, breached this duty, and this breach caused damages to the patient. Breaches of duty can include failing to follow approved medical practices, making inaccurate diagnoses, risks associated with treatment, and failing to communicate with other doctors. The standard of care owed depends on the doctor's specialty and level of experience. Between 1985-1989, the Malaysian Medical Council inquired into 36 cases of medical negligence and disciplinary issues, finding 21 practitioners guilty as charged.
Forensic medicine medical negligence 2-bolam principle
This document discusses medical negligence and the Bolam principle for determining negligence in medical malpractice cases. It provides background on several key cases that helped establish the standard of care. The Bolam principle determines negligence based on whether a doctor's actions fell below the standard of a responsible body of medical professionals. However, it has been criticized for being too protective of doctors. Even if a doctor's actions cause harm, they may not be found negligent under Bolam if other doctors may have acted the same way. The document examines challenges in assessing causation and damages in medical negligence cases.
More from MBBS IMS MSU (20)
Forensic medicine medical negligence 2-bolam principle
Forensic medicine medical negligence 2-bolam principle
Recently uploaded
How to choose the best dermatologists in Indore.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdf
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdfChulalongkorn Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group
Pollen and Fungal allergy
Presented by Chaloemchai Chumsaengchotsakul, MD.
June 14, 2024Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Foundation of Yoga, YCB Level-3, Unit-1
Unit -1 of Yoga certification board, level 3, all topics covered. An exam conducted by ministry of Ayush for yoga enthusiastic students.
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
SENSORY NEEDS B.SC. NURSING SEMESTER II.
Sensation is the neurological process by which we become aware of surrounding environment.
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...ayushrajshrivastava7
Regulatory Affairs
Full hand written notes
M.pharm - 1st year .Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Fallopian tube blockage may cause female infertility. For treatment, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can be a solution.
What is Obesity? How to overcome Obesity?
Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health.
Recently uploaded (20)
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdf
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
Call Girls In Mumbai +91-7426014248 High Profile Call Girl Mumbai
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...
Full Handwritten notes of RA by Ayush Kumar M pharm - Al ameen college of pha...
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Demystifying Fallopian Tube Blockage- Grading the Differences and Implication...
Histo Respiratory1
- 1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Assoc. Prof. Dr. Karim Al-Jashamy MSU/IMS 2010
- 8. Surface of Respiratory Mucosa Ciliated cell Goblet cell Brush cell
- 9. Small Granule Cell (DNES) Electron micrograph of a cell of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. Note the accumulation of secretory granules (arrows) in the basal region of the cell. The Golgi complex seen in the upper part of the micrograph shows some secretory granules.
- 10. Nasal Passage
- 13. Nasal Mucosa E – Epithelium M – Mucous glands of lamina propria S – Serous glands of lamina propria V – Thin walled venules
- 14. Olfactory Mucosa
- 15. Sinuses The maxillary sinus frontal sinus sphenoidal sinus ethmoidal sinuses
- 17. Epithelium Lining of Sinus Thinner respiratory epithelium that contains few goblet cells.
- 20. LARYNX
- 21. TRACHEA
- 22. Trachea Pseudostratified Epithelium Pseudostratified ciliated cells and mucous (goblet) cells are the two major components of the epithelium. Cilia beat at 1,000 to 1,500 cycles per minute resulting in movement of the mucus blanket at 0.5-1 mm /min in small airways and 5-20 mm/min in the trachea and main bronchi.
- 23. Trachea x10
- 24. Trachea x10
- 25. Trachea x40
- 26. Trachea
- 27. Mucous Glands in Upper Resp. Tract
- 28. Glands of Trachea x40