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The urinary system
The kidney functions to regulate osmolarity, remove metabolic waste, and produce hormones. It contains nephrons which filter blood to form urine. Each nephron includes a renal corpuscle and renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule is made of several segments that modify the filtrate through reabsorption, secretion, and other processes. Urine exits the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder and urethra to be excreted from the body.
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The urinary system
- 2. Kidney Produce Ultrafiltate •Called Urine UrineUreter Urinary bladder Urethra
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- 5. Endocrine function Erythropoietin -regurate erythropoietic in bone marrow Rennin - Control blood preesure Vitamin D – regurate balance calcium
- 6. General structure ofkidney
- 7. Interior anatomy ofkidney - Cortex 1. Convoluted par convoluta - Proximal and distal - Renal corpuscle - Interlobular a. v. - Afferent and efferent arteriole
- 8. 2. Straight parradiata - ascending and descending limbs of loob of henle straight tubule - Collecting duct Straight medullary rays
- 9. Medulla pyramid 2. Straighttube -Loop of henle -Vasa recta -Collecting duct
- 11. Devide 2 zone 1.Outer Zone - Mainly loop of henle Thick and Thin 2. Inner Zone renal pappila - loop of henle only thin - Cappillaries - vessel
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- 14. Nephron Type of nephron 1.Cortical 2. Juxtamedulla - Short-looped nephron - long thick segments , short thin segments - Long-looped nephron - short thick segments , long thin segments
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- 16. Nephron Consists of 1. Renalcorpuscle 2. Renal tubule - filtration - resorption - secretion
- 17. Renal Corpuscle Consists of 1.Glomerulus 2.Bowman’scapsule - fenestrated capillary - fed by afferent arteriole and drains to efferent arteriole - double-walled epithelium capsule
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- 19. Renal Tubule Proximal convolutedtubule Proximal straight tubule (thick descending limb) Thin descending limb Thin ascending limb Distal straight tubule (thick ascending limb) Distal convoluted tubule Collecting tubule Collecting duct
- 20. Filtering apparatus 1. Endotheliumof glomerular capillaries 2. Glomerular basement membrane 3. Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule 4. The slit membrane
- 22. Juxtaglomerular Apparatus found betweenthe vascular pole of the renal corpuscle and the returning distal convoluted tubule of the same nephron. 1. Juxtaglomerular cell - secrete Renin (part of Renin Angiotensis system) 2. Mesangial cells - Chemoreceptors cell : ion concentration in blood 3. Macula Densa - senses any increase in the sodium chloride concentration in the distal tubule of the kidney
- 23. Cortical Nephron - 85%of Nephorn
- 24. Juxtamedullary Nephron - Henleloop longer than Cortical nephron - Renal corpuscle closer to medulla - Enabling excretion of dilute or concentrate urine - Vasa recta
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- 29. Proximal straight tubule DescendingThin Tubule Ascending thin tubule Distal straight Tubule
- 30. Loop of Henle Location •In medulla Content • Descending tubule • Ascending tubule http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/ph3-09-solute-and- water-movement/deck/1101248
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- 32. Descending tubule http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Loop+Of+Henle&lang=1 Function • Reabsorptionwater Segment of tubule • Long thin tubule – Simple squamous epithelium • Short thick tubule – Simple low cuboidal epithelium
- 33. Ascending tubule http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.php?term=Loop+Of+Henle&lang=1 Function • Reabsorptionsodium Segment of tubule • Short thin tubule – Simple squamous epithelium • Long thick tubule – Simple low cuboidal epithelium
- 34. Thick & Thinsegment
- 35. Thick & Thinsegment
- 36. Distal convoluted tubule http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course%20Materials/Elementary%20Anatomy%20and%20Physiology%2050/Lec ture%20outlines/urinary_system.htm Location •In cortex Length • 1/3 as long as proximal tubule Epithelium • Simple cuboidal epithelium Function • Ion exchange
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- 39. Medullary ray • “manytubules of straight tubule”
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- 42. Juxtaglomerular apparatus • –Juxtaglomerular cells –Maculadensa –Extraglomerular mesangial cells
- 43. Juxtaglomerular apparatus • Juxtaglomerularcells • Smooth muscle • afferent arteriole • renin
- 44. Juxtaglomerular apparatus • Maculadensa • distal tubule • renin paracrine activity salt concentration fluid volume distal tubule
- 45. Juxtaglomerular apparatus • Extraglomerularmesangial cells - Chemoreceptor cells - Secret erythropoietin
- 46. Juxtaglomerular apparatus • Mechanism Renin-angiotensin-aldosteronesystem - NaCl distal convolutated tubule - blood pressure
- 47. Collecting tubule/duct • Cortex medulla •Cell • Central nucleus • Simple cuboidal epithelium • minor calyx • ADH
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- 51. Nerve supply sympathetic • vasoconstrictionof afferent • vasoconstriction of efferent
- 52. Ureter/Bladder • Mucosa :transitional epithelium • Lamina propria- dense irregular collagen fibers • Muscularis – smooth muscle layer Ureters : renal pelvis
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- 55. Urethra • Male :terminal duct urinary genital systems • Female : urinary system
- 56. 3 1. Prostatic urethra: transitional epithelium 2. Membranous urethra : stratified/pseudostratified columnar epithelium 3. Penile urethra : pseudostratified columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium • • Epithelium : transitional pseudostratified columnar stratified squamous
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