Highways
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The document summarizes India's highway planning and development over time. It discusses key committees and plans that guided highway development since the early 20th century. The Nagpur Plan from 1943 was the first to classify roads into categories like national highways, state highways, and rural roads. Subsequent plans like the Bombay Plan and Lucknow Plan aimed to increase road density and connectivity across the country. Current visions like the Rural Road Vision 2025 plan to fully connect villages through new roads. Going forward, large investments are planned over 20 years to expand the national highway network and expressways while addressing environmental pollution from increased road traffic.
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This document provides an introduction to highway engineering. It outlines the course contents including units, weightage, and outcomes. Key topics covered include classification of roads according to different standards, the history and development of roads in India, and modern road development plans. The roles of transportation engineering from economic, social, political, and environmental perspectives are also discussed. Different modes of transportation like rail, road, air, and water are compared regarding their advantages and disadvantages.
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Transportation engineering involves planning, designing, operating and managing transportation facilities to efficiently move people and goods. The document discusses the history and development of roads in India including recommendations from committees that guided road development plans. It describes classifications of roads from national highways and state highways to rural roads. Ancient Roman and modern construction techniques are compared.
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India has a large and diverse transportation system that is dominated by roads but also includes extensive rail and port networks. Road transportation carries the majority of passenger and freight traffic but the network has not kept up with increasing demand. Rail transportation is the largest in Asia, carrying over 15 million passengers daily. It faces challenges of congestion and outdated infrastructure. The government has implemented various initiatives to develop transportation infrastructure like the Golden Quadrilateral road project and dedicated freight corridors, but Indian transportation remains strained due to growing population and economic activity.
Railway Engineering by Sharda University
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Highways
- 2. HIGHWAY PLANNING Modern Developments The First World war period and that immediately following it found a rapid growth in motor transport. So need for better roads became a necessity. For that, the Government of India appointed a committee called Road development Committee with Mr. M.R. Jayakar as the chairman. This committee came to be known as Jayakar committee. Transport policy in india • first comprehensive examination of transport policy in india done by ntpc (1980) • second review of transport demand carried out by luthra committee (1988) • rakesh mohan committee’s report on india infrastructure (1996)
- 3. long term road plans in india • nagpur plan (1943) • bombay plan (1961-81) • lucknow plan (1981-2001) • road development vision 2021 • rural road vision decument for 2025
- 4. Nagpur plan • PREPARED BY CHIEF ENGINEERS OF STATES WHO MET IN NAGPUR IN 1943 • WAS ADDRESSING NEEDS OF POST-WAR PERIOD • ROADS WERE CLASSIFIED INTO FOUR CLASSES NATIONAL HIGHWAYS STATE HIGHWAYS DISTRICT ROAD MAJOR DISTRICT ROADS (MDR) OTHER DISTRICT ROADS (ODR) VILLAGE ROADS Bombay plan (1961-1981) • ROAD LENGTH SHOULD BE INCREASED TO GIVE A DENSITY OF 32 Km PER 100 Sq. Km. • GOOD CONNECTIVITY TO VILLAGES TO CHECK INCREASING URBANISATION • IN A DEVELOPED AREA, TO BE WITHIN 6.5 Km OF A METALLED ROAD AND 2.4 Km OF ANY ROAD • IN A SEMI-DEVELOPED AREA, TO BE 13 Km OF A METALLED ROAD AND 5 Km OF ANY ROAD
- 5. Lucknow plan (1981-2001) • ROADS SHOULD BE A MAJOR CHOICE OF CONSTRUCTION TO GENERATE EMPLOYMENT • EXPRESSWAYS TO BE CONSTRUCTED ON MAJOR TRAFFIC CORRIDORS • ENERGY CONSERVATION THROUGH ROAD IMPROVEMENTS • ROAD SAFETY MEASURES TO BE UNDERTAKEN • MAINTENANCE SHOULD RECEIVE ATTENTION Rural roads vision 2025 • ABOUT 2,90,000 Km OF NEW ROADS NEEDED TO ACHIEVE FULL CONNECTIVITY • OUT OF THE ABOVE , 40,000 Km WILL BE BLACK-TOPPED AND THE REMAINING 2,50,000 WILL BE GRAVEL ROADS • MAINTENANCE OF RURAL ROADS WILL COST 7,500 CR. EVERY YEAR
- 6. ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF HIGHWAY PROJECTS Traffic growth trends likely in future • GDP set to grow at 9-11 per cent. • Road traffic will grow at 12-15 per cent as against 7.5-11 per cent so far. • Thus traffic will double every 5-6 years Large Programme Ahead Over the Next 20 Years • NH length to be increased from 66,000 Km to 80,000 Km. • Half the above length to be Four-lane / Six-lane. • 10,000 Km of Expressways. • 10,000 Km of SH to be Four-laned Present Investment is Rs. 20,000 Crores thus Three-fold increase is certain
- 7. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN HIGHWAYS • Air pollution • Noise pollution • Pollution of water bodies • Vibration • Visual intrusion and degrading the aesthetics • Habitat destruction • Community impact