Hemorrhoides
•
30 likes•22,499 views
This document discusses hemorrhoidal disease, including definitions, incidence, pathogenesis, classification, symptoms, and treatment options. It defines hemorrhoids as dilated vascular channels located in three constant locations in the anus. Hemorrhoidal disease is manifested by prolapse, bleeding, and itching. Treatment options discussed include sclerosing injections, infrared photocoagulation, rubber band ligation, and hemorrhoidectomy. The preferences for treatment are outlined based on the degree of hemorrhoids.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
VENTRAL HERNIA
Ventral hernia is protrusion of peritoneal sac through anterior abdominal wall defects except Groin hernias. In this presentation I have discussed Epigastric, Umbilical, Para umbilical, Incisional, Spigelian and Lumbar hernias.
Abdominal hernias by dr. nitin
This document provides an overview of abdominal wall hernias, including definitions, types, etiologies, anatomy, clinical features, and treatments. It describes the main types of groin hernias such as indirect, direct, and femoral hernias. It discusses the composition of hernias and provides classifications. For groin hernias specifically, it outlines the anatomy of the inguinal canal and contents, compares indirect and direct hernias, and describes surgical repair techniques like Bassini, Shouldice, and Lichtenstein. Femoral hernias are also summarized, including the anatomy of the femoral ring and canal.
Hemorrhoids-
HEMORRHOIDS IS A COMPLEX DISEASE WITH COMPLEX MANAGEMENT.THIS POWERPOINT AIMS TO RESOLVE THIS COMPLEXITY IN THE MOST CONVENIENT WAY
Rectal bleeding
This document provides information on differential diagnosis and evaluation of rectal bleeding. It discusses common causes such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and colorectal cancers. It describes approaches to history taking, physical examination, and investigations including proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and imaging. Key signs and symptoms of conditions causing rectal bleeding are summarized.
Hemorrhoidectomy/ operative surgery
This document discusses various procedures for treating hemorrhoids, including Barron's banding, open and closed hemorrhoidectomy, stapled hemorrhoidectomy, and transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD). Barron's banding is used for first and second degree hemorrhoids as an office procedure under local anesthesia. Open hemorrhoidectomy involves making a V-cut to dissect and remove third degree hemorrhoids, while closed hemorrhoidectomy uses an elliptical incision and ligation. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy uses a circular stapler to remove hemorrhoidal tissue. THD involves identifying and ligating the hemorrhoidal arteries through the anus to reduce blood
Anorectal disorders
Anorectal Disorders including :
Anal canal & Rectum Anatomy
Haemorrhoids
Fissure in Ano
Pilonidal Sinus
Fistula in Ano
Rectal Prolapse
Hemorrhoids
Please find the power point on Hemorrhoids. I tried present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references.
Haemorroids
This document provides information on haemorrhoids (also known as hemorrhoids), including:
- Anatomy of the anal canal and haemorrhoidal tissue
- Epidemiology of symptomatic haemorrhoids, affecting around 4.4% of the global population
- Common causes like straining, pregnancy, obesity, and familial tendency
- Grading of internal haemorrhoids from first to fourth degree based on degree of prolapse
- Treatment options like rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, excisional or stapled haemorrhoidectomy depending on severity
Recommended
VENTRAL HERNIA
Ventral hernia is protrusion of peritoneal sac through anterior abdominal wall defects except Groin hernias. In this presentation I have discussed Epigastric, Umbilical, Para umbilical, Incisional, Spigelian and Lumbar hernias.
Abdominal hernias by dr. nitin
This document provides an overview of abdominal wall hernias, including definitions, types, etiologies, anatomy, clinical features, and treatments. It describes the main types of groin hernias such as indirect, direct, and femoral hernias. It discusses the composition of hernias and provides classifications. For groin hernias specifically, it outlines the anatomy of the inguinal canal and contents, compares indirect and direct hernias, and describes surgical repair techniques like Bassini, Shouldice, and Lichtenstein. Femoral hernias are also summarized, including the anatomy of the femoral ring and canal.
Hemorrhoids-
HEMORRHOIDS IS A COMPLEX DISEASE WITH COMPLEX MANAGEMENT.THIS POWERPOINT AIMS TO RESOLVE THIS COMPLEXITY IN THE MOST CONVENIENT WAY
Rectal bleeding
This document provides information on differential diagnosis and evaluation of rectal bleeding. It discusses common causes such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and colorectal cancers. It describes approaches to history taking, physical examination, and investigations including proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and imaging. Key signs and symptoms of conditions causing rectal bleeding are summarized.
Hemorrhoidectomy/ operative surgery
This document discusses various procedures for treating hemorrhoids, including Barron's banding, open and closed hemorrhoidectomy, stapled hemorrhoidectomy, and transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization (THD). Barron's banding is used for first and second degree hemorrhoids as an office procedure under local anesthesia. Open hemorrhoidectomy involves making a V-cut to dissect and remove third degree hemorrhoids, while closed hemorrhoidectomy uses an elliptical incision and ligation. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy uses a circular stapler to remove hemorrhoidal tissue. THD involves identifying and ligating the hemorrhoidal arteries through the anus to reduce blood
Anorectal disorders
Anorectal Disorders including :
Anal canal & Rectum Anatomy
Haemorrhoids
Fissure in Ano
Pilonidal Sinus
Fistula in Ano
Rectal Prolapse
Hemorrhoids
Please find the power point on Hemorrhoids. I tried present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references.
Haemorroids
This document provides information on haemorrhoids (also known as hemorrhoids), including:
- Anatomy of the anal canal and haemorrhoidal tissue
- Epidemiology of symptomatic haemorrhoids, affecting around 4.4% of the global population
- Common causes like straining, pregnancy, obesity, and familial tendency
- Grading of internal haemorrhoids from first to fourth degree based on degree of prolapse
- Treatment options like rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, excisional or stapled haemorrhoidectomy depending on severity
Kiss Your Hemorrhoids Goodbye: Surgical and Non-Surgical Management Options
Kiss Your Hemorrhoids Goodbye: Surgical and Non-Surgical Management Options
Patricia L. Raymond MD FACG, Rx For Sanity
There seem to be many options to manage our patients' hemorrhoids: hemorrhoidectomy, banding, sclerotherapy, laser photocoagulation, topical medications. Which option is the best for your patient? The physiology and management of the bitter end of the gastrointestinal tract.
Objectives: The participant will…
Distinguish between internal and external hemorrhoids, review the anorectal anatomy and understand the grading system for internal hemorrhoids.
Categorize the differential diagnosis of hemorrhoids, including proctalgia fugax, anal fissure, perianal crohns disease, anal cancer, condyloma, skin tags and rectal prolapse
Examine specific medical, endoscopic, office, and surgical treatment options for hemorrhoids and their stated efficacy
Acute appendicitis &lump
1. Acute appendicitis is caused by obstruction of the appendix lumen, leading to increased intraluminal pressure, edema, and bacterial invasion.
2. The classic presentation includes initially vague periumbilical pain that later localizes to the right lower quadrant, accompanied by anorexia, nausea, and low-grade fever.
3. On examination, tenderness is elicited over McBurney's point with guarding and rebound tenderness. Diagnosis is suggested by clinical scoring systems and confirmed by ultrasound or CT scan showing a thick-walled, inflamed appendix.
Rectal bleeding
1) The document provides information on the evaluation and management of bleeding per rectum (BPR). It discusses the history, physical exam, differential diagnoses, investigations and treatment options for common causes of BPR.
2) Common causes of BPR include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, colorectal polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticular disease, and colorectal cancers. The history can help determine if the bleeding is from distal or proximal lesions.
3) Physical exam involves digital rectal exam to feel for masses or other abnormalities. Initial investigations include labs, endoscopy, and imaging. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, procedures like banding or surgery.
Hydrocele
This document discusses hydroceles, which is an abnormal fluid collection in the scrotum. Hydroceles in infants are usually caused by incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis during development. For older boys and men, hydroceles can be idiopathic or caused by inflammation or injury in the scrotum. The document describes the causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of hydroceles. Treatment typically involves draining the fluid through a minor operation, with complications being rare.
Hernia
Hernia is defined as an abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening. The inguinal region is a common area for hernias due to weaknesses in the abdominal wall muscles. There are two main types of inguinal hernia: indirect and direct. Indirect hernias are more common in younger patients while direct hernias are more common in elderly patients. Treatment involves herniotomy to remove the hernia sac, with herniorrhaphy or hernioplasty used to repair the abdominal wall defect. Hernioplasty utilizing a mesh is now the preferred treatment approach.
Urology 4 hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by obstruction of urine flow from the kidney. It can be caused by issues in the ureter, bladder, or urethra that limit urine outflow. Unilateral hydronephrosis may cause dull flank pain while bilateral obstruction can lead to decreased urine output. Left untreated, hydronephrosis can damage kidney tissue and impair renal function. Diagnosis is made through imaging tests like intravenous pyelogram. Treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause of obstruction.
Inguinal hernia presentation
1. Inguinal hernia repair is the most common operation performed in the United States, with 75% of abdominal wall hernias occurring in the groin region. Inguinal hernias are more common in males, with a peak incidence before age 1 and after age 40.
2. Inguinal hernias can be direct, indirect, or femoral based on their anatomical location. Surgical repair with mesh is the definitive treatment, while conservative management with trusses is not recommended due to risk of complications.
3. Incarcerated or strangulated hernias require emergent surgery, while asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic hernias can often be initially managed non-oper
Inguinal hernia examination
This document provides guidance on examining patients for inguinal hernias. It details the steps of the examination including inspection, palpation techniques, and tests to determine the type and characteristics of any hernia present. The examination is described in both standing and supine positions. Differential diagnoses are also listed. The goal of the examination is to determine factors such as location, size, reducibility, and complications in order to accurately diagnose the presence of an inguinal hernia.
12.Peritonitis.pdf
This document discusses peritonitis, including its anatomy, physiology, causes, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points include:
1. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum that can be caused by infections, injuries, or medical procedures.
2. Peritonitis is classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the cause. The most common type encountered by surgeons is secondary peritonitis from a perforated organ.
3. Clinical features include abdominal pain, tenderness, fever, and nausea/vomiting. Diagnosis involves physical exam, history, and imaging tests
Hydrocele ppt by Dr. Ashok Kumar , LHMC
Hydrocele and other conditions of inguino scrotal area. how to differentiate between common confusing pathologies on basis of clinical examination.
SCROTAL SWELLING
Disclaimer: A lot from this slides were taken also from https://www.slideshare.net/babysurgeon/scrotal-swellings-1 (Dr Selvaraj Balasubramani)
This covers only :
ANATOMY
CAUSES
TORSION OF TESTIS
EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
HYDROCELE
EPIDIDYMAL CYST
VARICOCELE
Acute Urinary Retention
Definition, Risk factors, Pathophysiology, Etiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Investigations & Management of AUR
Acute appendicitis
Acute appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix that is commonly caused by obstruction. It occurs in about 10% of the population between ages 10-20 but can occur at any age. The obstruction leads to bacterial proliferation, invasion of the appendix wall, and damage from pressure necrosis. Initial pain is periumbilical but shifts to the right lower quadrant as the inflamed appendix touches the peritoneum. Signs include maximum tenderness, guarding, and rebound tenderness in the right iliac fossa. The Alvarado score is used to evaluate the likelihood of appendicitis. Treatment is antibiotic therapy and an appendectomy.
Scrotal swellings
Torsion testis was diagnosed in a 14-year-old boy presenting with acute right scrotal pain. On examination, his right testicle was higher in the scrotum, exquisitely tender, and the cremasteric reflex was absent on that side. Doppler ultrasound showed no central testicular blood flow. The patient was taken to the operating room for exploration, detorsion, and fixation orchiopexy to save the testicle from necrosis due to twisting of the spermatic cord and testis. Other possible causes of acute scrotal pain include torsion of testicular appendages and acute epididymo-orchitis.
Hernia examination by Dr Min Oo
This document provides information on examining hernias. It defines hernias as protrusions of viscous or parts of viscous through abnormal openings. It describes the types of hernias including inguinal, umbilical, incisional, femoral, and epigastric. The document focuses on examining inguinal hernias, describing the applied anatomy, examination steps including looking, feeling, assessing reducibility and impulse. It distinguishes between direct and indirect inguinal hernias based on factors like age distribution, passage route, reducibility. The goals are to understand hernia examination principles, types, inguinal anatomy, and differences between direct and indirect inguinal hernias.
Hernia
This document provides information about hernia surgery. It describes the different types of hernias including inguinal, incisional, femoral, umbilical, and epigastric hernias. It discusses the common presenting complaints of a hernia such as a lump or pain and precipitating factors. The document outlines the process of examining a patient for a hernia including inspection, palpation, and tests like the cough impulse and Zeimann's technique to determine the type of hernia. It also provides guidance on examining other related areas like abdominal muscles and performing a full systemic examination of the patient.
Acute appendicitis
Surgery,pathogenesis, diagnosis, ALVORADO, TZANAKIS, PAS, scores. Per-op surgical issues and differential diagnosis
Haemorrhoids
This document discusses haemorrhoids, including their anatomy, classification, etiology, clinical features, complications, grading, and treatment options. Haemorrhoids are classified as internal or external depending on their location relative to the dentate line. Common causes include straining during bowel movements and sedentary lifestyles. Clinical features may include bleeding, pain, irritation, and prolapse. Treatment ranges from conservative options like lifestyle changes to surgical procedures like rubber band ligation, injection sclerotherapy, and haemorrhoidectomy. Complications of haemorrhoidectomy can include pain, stricture, and incontinence.
Diverticulitis
Diverticular disease is a common condition where pouches called diverticula bulge out from the colon wall, usually where blood vessels penetrate the colon. Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula without inflammation, while diverticulitis occurs when diverticula become inflamed or infected, usually due to hard stool getting stuck in a diverticulum. Diverticulitis ranges from uncomplicated cases treated with antibiotics to complicated cases involving abscesses, fistulas, or perforation requiring surgery. Risk factors include low-fiber diet, aging, and high blood pressure.
Anuria & acute retention
The document discusses acute urinary retention and acute renal failure. It defines the conditions and outlines their causes, which can be pre-renal, renal, or post-renal in nature. The evaluation and management of the conditions is also described. Causes include issues like decreased perfusion, obstruction, toxicity, and inflammation. Treatment involves supportive care, addressing the underlying cause, and dialysis in some situations to manage electrolyte and acid-base imbalances.
New carotid doppler ultrasound
1) Carotid Doppler ultrasound is used to evaluate the carotid arteries for stenosis or occlusion. It involves using grayscale, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler to examine the anatomy and flow of the carotid arteries.
2) A normal carotid Doppler ultrasound will show triphasic waveforms within the carotid arteries with velocities under 125 cm/sec. The intima-media thickness should be less than 0.8-0.9mm.
3) Carotid artery disease is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis which can be evaluated using Doppler ultrasound parameters like peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and ICA/CCA velocity ratios to grade the severity of stenosis.
Mri anatomy of knee Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This presentation is the first series of the MR imaging of Knee.
In this presentation MRI anatomy has been discussed. As we all know good knowledge of medical imaging three dimensional anatomy is key for good reporting.
Hope we all get benifitted.
Suggestions are most welcome
More Related Content
What's hot
Kiss Your Hemorrhoids Goodbye: Surgical and Non-Surgical Management Options
Kiss Your Hemorrhoids Goodbye: Surgical and Non-Surgical Management Options
Patricia L. Raymond MD FACG, Rx For Sanity
There seem to be many options to manage our patients' hemorrhoids: hemorrhoidectomy, banding, sclerotherapy, laser photocoagulation, topical medications. Which option is the best for your patient? The physiology and management of the bitter end of the gastrointestinal tract.
Objectives: The participant will…
Distinguish between internal and external hemorrhoids, review the anorectal anatomy and understand the grading system for internal hemorrhoids.
Categorize the differential diagnosis of hemorrhoids, including proctalgia fugax, anal fissure, perianal crohns disease, anal cancer, condyloma, skin tags and rectal prolapse
Examine specific medical, endoscopic, office, and surgical treatment options for hemorrhoids and their stated efficacy
Acute appendicitis &lump
1. Acute appendicitis is caused by obstruction of the appendix lumen, leading to increased intraluminal pressure, edema, and bacterial invasion.
2. The classic presentation includes initially vague periumbilical pain that later localizes to the right lower quadrant, accompanied by anorexia, nausea, and low-grade fever.
3. On examination, tenderness is elicited over McBurney's point with guarding and rebound tenderness. Diagnosis is suggested by clinical scoring systems and confirmed by ultrasound or CT scan showing a thick-walled, inflamed appendix.
Rectal bleeding
1) The document provides information on the evaluation and management of bleeding per rectum (BPR). It discusses the history, physical exam, differential diagnoses, investigations and treatment options for common causes of BPR.
2) Common causes of BPR include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, colorectal polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticular disease, and colorectal cancers. The history can help determine if the bleeding is from distal or proximal lesions.
3) Physical exam involves digital rectal exam to feel for masses or other abnormalities. Initial investigations include labs, endoscopy, and imaging. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, procedures like banding or surgery.
Hydrocele
This document discusses hydroceles, which is an abnormal fluid collection in the scrotum. Hydroceles in infants are usually caused by incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis during development. For older boys and men, hydroceles can be idiopathic or caused by inflammation or injury in the scrotum. The document describes the causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of hydroceles. Treatment typically involves draining the fluid through a minor operation, with complications being rare.
Hernia
Hernia is defined as an abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through an opening. The inguinal region is a common area for hernias due to weaknesses in the abdominal wall muscles. There are two main types of inguinal hernia: indirect and direct. Indirect hernias are more common in younger patients while direct hernias are more common in elderly patients. Treatment involves herniotomy to remove the hernia sac, with herniorrhaphy or hernioplasty used to repair the abdominal wall defect. Hernioplasty utilizing a mesh is now the preferred treatment approach.
Urology 4 hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by obstruction of urine flow from the kidney. It can be caused by issues in the ureter, bladder, or urethra that limit urine outflow. Unilateral hydronephrosis may cause dull flank pain while bilateral obstruction can lead to decreased urine output. Left untreated, hydronephrosis can damage kidney tissue and impair renal function. Diagnosis is made through imaging tests like intravenous pyelogram. Treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause of obstruction.
Inguinal hernia presentation
1. Inguinal hernia repair is the most common operation performed in the United States, with 75% of abdominal wall hernias occurring in the groin region. Inguinal hernias are more common in males, with a peak incidence before age 1 and after age 40.
2. Inguinal hernias can be direct, indirect, or femoral based on their anatomical location. Surgical repair with mesh is the definitive treatment, while conservative management with trusses is not recommended due to risk of complications.
3. Incarcerated or strangulated hernias require emergent surgery, while asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic hernias can often be initially managed non-oper
Inguinal hernia examination
This document provides guidance on examining patients for inguinal hernias. It details the steps of the examination including inspection, palpation techniques, and tests to determine the type and characteristics of any hernia present. The examination is described in both standing and supine positions. Differential diagnoses are also listed. The goal of the examination is to determine factors such as location, size, reducibility, and complications in order to accurately diagnose the presence of an inguinal hernia.
12.Peritonitis.pdf
This document discusses peritonitis, including its anatomy, physiology, causes, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Some key points include:
1. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum that can be caused by infections, injuries, or medical procedures.
2. Peritonitis is classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the cause. The most common type encountered by surgeons is secondary peritonitis from a perforated organ.
3. Clinical features include abdominal pain, tenderness, fever, and nausea/vomiting. Diagnosis involves physical exam, history, and imaging tests
Hydrocele ppt by Dr. Ashok Kumar , LHMC
Hydrocele and other conditions of inguino scrotal area. how to differentiate between common confusing pathologies on basis of clinical examination.
SCROTAL SWELLING
Disclaimer: A lot from this slides were taken also from https://www.slideshare.net/babysurgeon/scrotal-swellings-1 (Dr Selvaraj Balasubramani)
This covers only :
ANATOMY
CAUSES
TORSION OF TESTIS
EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
HYDROCELE
EPIDIDYMAL CYST
VARICOCELE
Acute Urinary Retention
Definition, Risk factors, Pathophysiology, Etiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, Investigations & Management of AUR
Acute appendicitis
Acute appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix that is commonly caused by obstruction. It occurs in about 10% of the population between ages 10-20 but can occur at any age. The obstruction leads to bacterial proliferation, invasion of the appendix wall, and damage from pressure necrosis. Initial pain is periumbilical but shifts to the right lower quadrant as the inflamed appendix touches the peritoneum. Signs include maximum tenderness, guarding, and rebound tenderness in the right iliac fossa. The Alvarado score is used to evaluate the likelihood of appendicitis. Treatment is antibiotic therapy and an appendectomy.
Scrotal swellings
Torsion testis was diagnosed in a 14-year-old boy presenting with acute right scrotal pain. On examination, his right testicle was higher in the scrotum, exquisitely tender, and the cremasteric reflex was absent on that side. Doppler ultrasound showed no central testicular blood flow. The patient was taken to the operating room for exploration, detorsion, and fixation orchiopexy to save the testicle from necrosis due to twisting of the spermatic cord and testis. Other possible causes of acute scrotal pain include torsion of testicular appendages and acute epididymo-orchitis.
Hernia examination by Dr Min Oo
This document provides information on examining hernias. It defines hernias as protrusions of viscous or parts of viscous through abnormal openings. It describes the types of hernias including inguinal, umbilical, incisional, femoral, and epigastric. The document focuses on examining inguinal hernias, describing the applied anatomy, examination steps including looking, feeling, assessing reducibility and impulse. It distinguishes between direct and indirect inguinal hernias based on factors like age distribution, passage route, reducibility. The goals are to understand hernia examination principles, types, inguinal anatomy, and differences between direct and indirect inguinal hernias.
Hernia
This document provides information about hernia surgery. It describes the different types of hernias including inguinal, incisional, femoral, umbilical, and epigastric hernias. It discusses the common presenting complaints of a hernia such as a lump or pain and precipitating factors. The document outlines the process of examining a patient for a hernia including inspection, palpation, and tests like the cough impulse and Zeimann's technique to determine the type of hernia. It also provides guidance on examining other related areas like abdominal muscles and performing a full systemic examination of the patient.
Acute appendicitis
Surgery,pathogenesis, diagnosis, ALVORADO, TZANAKIS, PAS, scores. Per-op surgical issues and differential diagnosis
Haemorrhoids
This document discusses haemorrhoids, including their anatomy, classification, etiology, clinical features, complications, grading, and treatment options. Haemorrhoids are classified as internal or external depending on their location relative to the dentate line. Common causes include straining during bowel movements and sedentary lifestyles. Clinical features may include bleeding, pain, irritation, and prolapse. Treatment ranges from conservative options like lifestyle changes to surgical procedures like rubber band ligation, injection sclerotherapy, and haemorrhoidectomy. Complications of haemorrhoidectomy can include pain, stricture, and incontinence.
Diverticulitis
Diverticular disease is a common condition where pouches called diverticula bulge out from the colon wall, usually where blood vessels penetrate the colon. Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula without inflammation, while diverticulitis occurs when diverticula become inflamed or infected, usually due to hard stool getting stuck in a diverticulum. Diverticulitis ranges from uncomplicated cases treated with antibiotics to complicated cases involving abscesses, fistulas, or perforation requiring surgery. Risk factors include low-fiber diet, aging, and high blood pressure.
Anuria & acute retention
The document discusses acute urinary retention and acute renal failure. It defines the conditions and outlines their causes, which can be pre-renal, renal, or post-renal in nature. The evaluation and management of the conditions is also described. Causes include issues like decreased perfusion, obstruction, toxicity, and inflammation. Treatment involves supportive care, addressing the underlying cause, and dialysis in some situations to manage electrolyte and acid-base imbalances.
What's hot (20)
Kiss Your Hemorrhoids Goodbye: Surgical and Non-Surgical Management Options
Kiss Your Hemorrhoids Goodbye: Surgical and Non-Surgical Management Options
Viewers also liked
New carotid doppler ultrasound
1) Carotid Doppler ultrasound is used to evaluate the carotid arteries for stenosis or occlusion. It involves using grayscale, color Doppler, and spectral Doppler to examine the anatomy and flow of the carotid arteries.
2) A normal carotid Doppler ultrasound will show triphasic waveforms within the carotid arteries with velocities under 125 cm/sec. The intima-media thickness should be less than 0.8-0.9mm.
3) Carotid artery disease is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis which can be evaluated using Doppler ultrasound parameters like peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and ICA/CCA velocity ratios to grade the severity of stenosis.
Mri anatomy of knee Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This presentation is the first series of the MR imaging of Knee.
In this presentation MRI anatomy has been discussed. As we all know good knowledge of medical imaging three dimensional anatomy is key for good reporting.
Hope we all get benifitted.
Suggestions are most welcome
Artifacts in esophageal high resolution manometry
(1) Normal esophageal HRM shows decreasing pressure during inspiration and increasing pressure during expiration at rest, and characteristic pressure patterns after wet swallows including striated muscle contraction in S1 and smooth muscle contractions in S2 and S3.
(2) Common artifacts in HRM include vascular artifacts seen as rhythmic distal esophageal pressure, folded catheter artifacts appearing as mirrored pressure patterns, sensor failure artifacts visible as solid bands of pressure or chatter, and air entrapment artifacts causing very high measured pressures along the entire catheter length.
(3) Artifacts can potentially provide useful information but must be distinguished from normal patterns, and issues like a folded catheter require repositioning to avoid damage.
Ultrasound of acute & chronic cholecystitis
This document discusses ultrasound findings related to cholecystitis. It describes the ultrasound appearance of acute cholecystitis, including signs like gallbladder wall thickening, pericholecystic fluid, and hyperemia on Doppler. Complications of acute cholecystitis are also reviewed, such as emphysematous cholecystitis where gas is visible in the gallbladder wall. Chronic cholecystitis is also summarized, noting findings like gallstones, wall thickening, and occasionally calcification or nodules indicative of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis.
Trauma axial skeleton Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation we will discuss the basic of axial trauma from head to pelvis. We will discuss the important key points that aids in the diagnosis of axial trauma
Side effects of Peg-Interferon & Ribavirin in treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C can cause several side effects including fatigue, gastrointestinal issues, and hematologic abnormalities like anemia and neutropenia. Management of side effects may involve dose reduction or discontinuation of treatment. Regular monitoring of blood counts and symptoms is important. Depression is also common and can usually be managed with antidepressants like SSRIs. Rare but serious side effects include cardiac or renal issues.
Role of medical imaging in developemental dysplasia of Hip Dr muhammad Bin Zu...
Role of medical imaging in developemental dysplasia of Hip Dr muhammad Bin Zu...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation we will discuss the role of medical imaging---plain Radiography, Ultrasound,Arthrography, CT and MRI in the evaluation of Developemental dysplasia of hip. Our main focuss will be on Sonographic evaluation.Pediatric brain tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This document provides an overview of common pediatric brain tumors located in the posterior fossa (infratentorial region). It discusses the most frequently used MRI sequences for evaluating these tumors and provides clinical and imaging features of the most common tumor types, including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and brainstem glioma. Differential diagnoses are also reviewed. Key sequences discussed are T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, DWI, and post-contrast T1WI. Common features and imaging findings are highlighted for each tumor type in 1-3 sentences.
Classification of esophageal motility disorders
This document discusses the classification of esophageal motility disorders based on manometric features. It describes the normal esophageal motility test and features. It then covers various motility disorders including achalasia, atypical LES relaxation disorders, diffuse esophageal spasm, hypercontraction disorders like nutcracker esophagus and isolated hypertensive LES, and ineffective esophageal motility. For each disorder, it provides the manometric criteria for diagnosis and differentiates them based on features of LES relaxation, wave progression, distal wave amplitude. It concludes by discussing the therapeutic implications of this classification system.
Prostate Biopsy--New Emerging Trends, Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation we will discuss about the
Anatomy of Prostate
Technique of Transrectal US
Carcinoma Prostate and
Different modes of prostatic biopsy.
Doppler of the portal system
This document discusses the Doppler ultrasound assessment of the portal venous system. It begins with an overview of the sonographic and Doppler evaluation of the portal system's anatomy and normal circulation. It then covers the assessment of specific vessels like the portal vein, hepatic veins, and hepatic artery through grayscale ultrasound and Doppler evaluation. Key aspects like normal vessel diameters, waveforms, and flow direction are defined. The document concludes by outlining the important Doppler assessment techniques and parameters used to evaluate the portal system.
16 High Resolution Computed Tomography of Interstitial and Occupational Lung ...
16 High Resolution Computed Tomography of Interstitial and Occupational Lung ...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This presentation is collection of images from chapter 16 of Grainger and Allison.
Inthis we will discuss the ILD.
This is only for educational purposes.21 non ischaemic acquired Dr.Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This is a chapter from Grainger and Allison. I have Coolected all images from chapter 21 with caption in this presentation.
In my opinion it will be very benificial to have this in your android.
Doppler us of liver made simple Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation we will discuss normal doppler parameters in portal and hepatic veins and hepatic artery. We will discuss the pathologies regarding hepatic, and portal veins and hepatic artery.
we will discuss Role of sonography in TIPS evaluation.
we will discuss the role of Doppler in post op follow up of hepatic transplant.
Role of medical imaging in management of arteriovenous fistula Dr. Muhammad B...
Role of medical imaging in management of arteriovenous fistula Dr. Muhammad B...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This presentation is very helpful for vascular sergeons, interventional radiologists and sonographers that how to map Vasculature before construction of AV fistula for hemodialysis, how to check its patency, how to check its proper functioning ,to comment on its failure and decide when to reintervene.Doppler ultrasound of carotid arteries
This document discusses Doppler ultrasound of carotid arteries. It begins with the anatomy of carotid arteries and then discusses normal Doppler ultrasound findings of the carotid arteries including flow patterns and spectral waveforms. It describes various pathologies that can cause carotid artery disease such as atherosclerosis and other non-atherosclerotic diseases. It also discusses how diseases outside the carotid arteries can affect them. The document provides detailed information on ultrasound techniques for evaluating the carotid arteries and interpreting ultrasound findings for plaque characterization and grading stenosis.
Arterio-Portal Fistula Syndrome (APFS)
This case report describes a 60-year-old female patient presenting with abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and ascites. Clinical exams and laboratory tests revealed signs of portal hypertension. Imaging studies including ultrasound and arteriography identified a splenic arterio-venous fistula causing blood to shunt from the splenic artery directly into the splenic vein, bypassing the liver and overloading the portal system. The patient underwent splenectomy and ligation of the splenic vein, with postoperative anticoagulation. Arterio-portal fistula syndrome is a rare condition where an abnormal connection forms between one or more arteries and the portal vein, causing portal hypertension. Treatment depends on the location and size of the fistula but
Renal artery aneurysm
A 23-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain. Ultrasound showed a large cystic mass in his right renal pelvis. Further imaging with color Doppler ultrasound revealed the mass was communicating with and receiving a jet of blood from the right renal artery, indicating a renal artery aneurysm. The diagnosis of a threatened ruptured right renal artery aneurysm was made. An urgent nephrectomy was required to remove the aneurysm and stabilize the patient.
Helicobacter pylori & Nobel Prize in medicine & physiology
The discovery of H. pylori and its role in peptic ulcer disease was a collaborative effort between clinicians and scientists at Royal Perth Hospital in Western Australia in the early 1980s. Robin Warren, a pathologist, first observed the bacteria in gastric biopsies. Barry Marshall, an intern, helped cultivate H. pylori from a patient's biopsy, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Together with contributions from electron microscopists, microbiologists, and other specialists, they were ultimately able to characterize the bacteria and its association with gastritis and peptic ulcers. For their seminal work, Warren and Marshall received the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Vascular access
This document discusses vascular access for hemodialysis and a programmatic approach. It covers the multidisciplinary care team involved, background on chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease in the US, and options for vascular access at initiation of dialysis. The document reviews guidelines promoting arteriovenous fistulas over catheters, quality standards, and complications associated with different access types. It also discusses strategies for a systems approach to access management, including timing of access creation and cannulation, monitoring access, and interventions for access issues.
Viewers also liked (20)
Side effects of Peg-Interferon & Ribavirin in treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Side effects of Peg-Interferon & Ribavirin in treatment of chronic hepatitis C
Role of medical imaging in developemental dysplasia of Hip Dr muhammad Bin Zu...
Role of medical imaging in developemental dysplasia of Hip Dr muhammad Bin Zu...
Prostate Biopsy--New Emerging Trends, Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Prostate Biopsy--New Emerging Trends, Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
16 High Resolution Computed Tomography of Interstitial and Occupational Lung ...
16 High Resolution Computed Tomography of Interstitial and Occupational Lung ...
21 non ischaemic acquired Dr.Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
21 non ischaemic acquired Dr.Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Doppler us of liver made simple Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Doppler us of liver made simple Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Role of medical imaging in management of arteriovenous fistula Dr. Muhammad B...
Role of medical imaging in management of arteriovenous fistula Dr. Muhammad B...
Helicobacter pylori & Nobel Prize in medicine & physiology
Helicobacter pylori & Nobel Prize in medicine & physiology
Similar to Hemorrhoides
Management of Incompetence in the Axial Veins
Authored by Dr. James Shpich, MD. Presented at the First Annual Omar P. Haqqani MD Vascular Symposium, November 10, 2016, Midland Country Club, Midland, MI.
Management of lower limb varicose veins
this presentation is to clarify anatomy and pathology of lower limb varicose veins and different lines for management
1 Varicose veins11''' '' '' '' '' '.pptx
The document discusses the venous system and varicose veins. It describes the anatomy and function of veins, noting they return blood to the heart and help regulate body temperature. Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous veins above 4mm in diameter. Evaluation involves history, exam including tests like Trendelenburg-Brodie, and imaging like ultrasound Doppler. Treatment options include compression stockings, sclerotherapy, surgery such as vein stripping or ligation, and newer minimally invasive procedures. Complications can include thrombophlebitis, hemorrhage, skin changes if left untreated.
CA VULVA.pptx
Vulvar cancer is a rare malignancy that represents less than 1% of cancers in women. It occurs most commonly in two age groups - younger women who smoke and are HPV-positive, and older women who may have epithelial dystrophies as risk factors. Lymphatic drainage is primarily to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes, with potential spread to deep femoral and pelvic nodes. Positive lymph nodes, particularly those over 5mm or with extracapsular spread, are the strongest prognostic factors and reduce 5-year survival by 50%. Surgical margins of at least 8mm are also important to reduce the risk of local recurrence after resection. Radiation may help reduce recurrence risk when margins are close. Distant metastases generally occur
dvt-good.ppt
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in the deep veins, usually of the legs. Risk factors include prolonged bed rest, surgery, cancer, and inherited or acquired disorders of coagulation. Virchow's triad describes the factors involved - venous stasis, endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability. Clinical features include leg pain and swelling. Diagnosis involves D-dimer testing, ultrasound, or venography. Treatment is anticoagulation with heparin or low molecular weight heparin followed by warfarin to prevent pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome.
Haemorrhoids
Lecture on haemorrhoids for medical students. Encompasses basic sciences, classifications, principles and tips of management of this very common yet potentially complicated disorder.
Complications of Sinusitis (1).pptx
Orbital, intracranial, and bony complications are the main categories of sinusitis complications. Orbital complications are most common, occurring through direct extension or impaired venous drainage. Imaging like CT and MRI help identify complications. Treatment involves antibiotics, drainage of abscesses or involved sinuses, and sometimes surgery. Complications can range from mild preseptal cellulitis to life-threatening intracranial infections like cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, or brain abscesses if not properly treated.
CSF rhinorrhoea
A 52-year-old female presented with a clear watery nasal discharge that worsened with bending over or coughing. Clinical tests and imaging found a CSF leak from the right cribriform plate, likely caused by increased intracranial pressure eroding the bone. CSF leaks can be managed conservatively or surgically via an endoscopic approach, which has high success rates and minimal morbidity compared to intracranial or extracranial approaches.
Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)
This is my presentation for my placement purpose. I am uploading it because it may help someone like me... Thank You.
EndoTHeF - Endovascular Treatment of Hemorrhoids with Foam - UIP Boston, 2013
These slides, presented during the 2013 UIP Congress in Boston, show a new painless treatment of hemorrhoids
HAEMORRHOIDS Management.pptx
This document provides information about haemorrhoids (also known as piles), including:
1. Haemorrhoids are varicosities of the veins in the anal canal that are common, affecting around 25% of adults. Risk factors include constipation, pregnancy, liver disease, and heredity.
2. There are four grades of internal haemorrhoids based on the degree of prolapse. Symptoms include rectal bleeding, pain, itching, and swelling. Diagnosis involves examination and sometimes proctoscopy.
3. Treatment options range from conservative measures like diet changes to invasive procedures like rubber band ligation, injection sclerotherapy, and various surgical haemorrhoidectomy
3.Anorectal diseases.pptx
This document provides an overview of common anorectal diseases including hemorrhoids, anal fissure, and anorectal abscesses. It discusses the anatomy, risk factors, types, clinical features, and treatment options for each condition. Key points include that hemorrhoids are normal cushions in the anal canal that only require treatment if symptomatic, anal fissures are tears in the anoderm that cause pain with bowel movements, and anorectal abscesses form from infected anal glands that can spread along different anatomic planes requiring surgical drainage.
Varicose vein AB
Varicose veins are dilated, twisted veins most often found in the legs that result from defective valves in the veins or intrinsic weakness of the vein walls. Risk factors include pregnancy, age, gender, heredity, obesity, prolonged standing, and prior injury or surgery. Symptoms include heavy, achy legs, skin discoloration, and leg swelling. Diagnosis involves physical examination and imaging tests like ultrasound or MRI. Treatment options include compression stockings, sclerotherapy, laser or radiofrequency ablation, and surgical stripping for severe cases. Nursing care focuses on leg elevation, exercise, skin care, and health education to prevent complications like skin ulcers, blood clots, or deep vein thrombosis.
Vascular access for haemodialysis prof. ahmed halawa
Vascular access for haemodialysis requires either an autogenous arteriovenous fistula, a PTFE graft, or a tunnelled line. A good fistula has adequate size, blood flow, and low complication rates. Formation of an arteriovenous fistula involves connecting an artery such as the radial or brachial to a vein like the cephalic or basilic. Complications include steal syndrome, aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, venous hypertension, and infection. Steal syndrome is treated with distal reconstruction and interval ligation. Buttonhole and rope-ladder techniques are used for cannulating fistulas and have benefits over traditional needle cannulation.
Deep Vein Thrombosis – A Case for Early Intervention
Deep Vein Thrombosis – A Case for Early Intervention
Presentation by Dr. Hiranya A. Rajasinghe from Naples, Florida.
Gangrene & amputation
1) Gangrene is defined as macroscopic necrosis of tissues, and can be dry, wet, or gas gangrene. Dry gangrene is caused by reduced blood flow and progresses slowly, while wet gangrene develops rapidly due to blocked blood flow and favors bacterial growth. Gas gangrene is caused by Clostridium bacteria.
2) Amputation involves surgically removing a body extremity and is indicated for conditions like gangrene, trauma, tumors, and vascular insufficiency. The goals are to remove all infected tissue, achieve wound healing, and provide a stump that can accommodate a prosthesis.
3) Factors in determining the amputation level include the zone of injury, adequate tissue margins, circulation
Vascular ulcer.pptx
Vascular ulcers presented to the department of surgery, Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa State, Nigeria as resident postgraduate presentation
Vascular ulcer_121415.pptx
Vascular ulcers presented as part of surgery resident postgraduate seminar to the department of surgery, Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
Varicose Veins
This document discusses varicose veins, including definitions, anatomy, causes, symptoms, examination techniques, and treatment options. Some key points:
- Varicose veins are dilated, tortuous veins, usually in the legs, caused by incompetent valves that allow blood to flow in the wrong direction.
- Annual incidence is about 2% and lifetime prevalence is around 40%, being more common in women.
- Symptoms can include pain, swelling, heaviness, and skin changes like pigmentation.
- Examination involves inspection, palpation, auscultation, and Doppler ultrasound to map veins and locate sites of reflux.
- Treatment options include conservative compression therapy, sclerotherapy
Vein Grand R Ounds5 19 2011
Varicose veins and superficial venous insufficiency are conditions caused by abnormal blood flow in the veins leading to damage. Risk factors include family history, age, obesity, prolonged standing, and prior deep vein thrombosis. Treatment options include conservative compression therapy, sclerotherapy to destroy veins chemically, and newer minimally invasive techniques like endovenous laser ablation which uses laser heat to close veins. While varicose veins cannot be cured, many treatment options have high success rates in closing veins and relieving symptoms with few complications. Ongoing management focuses on preventing recurrence through lifestyle changes and compression therapy.
Similar to Hemorrhoides (20)
EndoTHeF - Endovascular Treatment of Hemorrhoids with Foam - UIP Boston, 2013
EndoTHeF - Endovascular Treatment of Hemorrhoids with Foam - UIP Boston, 2013
Vascular access for haemodialysis prof. ahmed halawa
Vascular access for haemodialysis prof. ahmed halawa
Deep Vein Thrombosis – A Case for Early Intervention
Deep Vein Thrombosis – A Case for Early Intervention
More from Samir Haffar
Diagnosis of sliding hiatal hernia
High resolution manometry (HRM) is the most accurate non-invasive test for diagnosing sliding hiatal hernia. HRM can classify hiatal hernias as no hernia, small (1-2 cm separation), or large (>2 cm separation) based on the distance between the lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm pressure zones. A study found HRM had 94% sensitivity and 91% specificity for diagnosing hiatal hernia compared to open surgical assessment, outperforming barium swallow radiography and upper endoscopy. HRM is concluded to be the best test for accurately diagnosing and classifying the size of sliding hiatal hernias.
Ultrasound of thyroid nodules
Description of various ultrasound features of benign and suspicious thyroid nodules with multiple ultrasound systems for risk stratification of malignancy.
Ultrasound of carpal tunnel syndrome
Thank you for providing the detailed scanning technique. Let's move our discussion to the ultrasound features seen in carpal tunnel syndrome.
Assessment of liver fibrosis by us elastography
Liver fibrosis assessment techniques such as ultrasound elastography were discussed. Liver biopsy is currently the gold standard for fibrosis staging but has limitations like sampling error and invasiveness. Transient elastography is a validated method for noninvasive fibrosis assessment that provides a reliable result with 10 valid measurements where the interquartile range is less than 30% of the median. Normal liver stiffness values are below 5 kPa while values above 12.5 kPa indicate cirrhosis. Factors like acute hepatitis, congestive heart failure, and obesity can affect elastography results. ARFI and shear wave elastography are alternative ultrasound methods for evaluating liver fibrosis in a noninvasive manner.
Doppler ultrasound of visceral arteries
Doppler ultrasound of different diseases of visceral arteries including arterial stenosis and occlusion, arterial aneurysm, artrial pseudoaneurysm, arterio-venous fistula, artrial dissection, and abdominal vascular compression syndromes
Ultrasound of groin & anterior abdominal wall hernias
ultrasound of different groin and anterior abdominal wall hernias with ultrasound features of differential diagnosis
Extended focus assessment with sonography for trauma
The document discusses extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (E-FAST), an ultrasound technique used to rapidly detect fluid in body cavities resulting from trauma. It describes the indications, views, techniques, findings and advantages of E-FAST. Key points include that E-FAST can detect blood or fluid in the abdomen, chest or heart within 3-5 minutes without radiation. It is a useful first-line tool to identify life-threatening bleeding but does not replace definitive diagnostic tests if findings are uncertain or positive. E-FAST examination involves six standard views of the abdomen, chest and heart and can be repeated as needed at the bedside to dynamically monitor trauma patients.
Acute appendicitis - Ultrasound first
1. The document discusses ultrasound techniques for diagnosing acute appendicitis, including visualizing the normal appendix and primary and secondary signs of inflammation.
2. Primary ultrasound signs of acute appendicitis include an appendix diameter over 6mm, a target sign of hypoechoic center with hyper- and hypoechoic rings, tenderness over the appendix, lack of compressibility, and increased vascularity of the wall.
3. Secondary ultrasound signs include free fluid around the appendix, abscess formation, thickening of surrounding tissues, and signs of small bowel obstruction.
Carotid intima-media thickness
1) Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurement is used to assess subclinical atherosclerosis and predict cardiovascular risk. It involves ultrasound imaging of the carotid arteries.
2) Standardized protocols have been developed for measuring CIMT at specific locations in the carotid arteries. Automated methods have good correlation with manual measurements.
3) Higher CIMT is associated with increasing age. Baseline and progression of CIMT over time can predict future cardiovascular events independent of traditional risk factors. However, other emerging risk markers may provide better prediction than CIMT alone.
Esophageal pH monitoring in pediatrics
This document summarizes esophageal pH monitoring techniques in pediatrics, including 24-hour pH monitoring, wireless pH monitoring, and pH-impedance monitoring. It describes the indications, methodology, analysis, and normal values for each technique. Key points include that 24-hour pH monitoring is the standard but wireless and pH-impedance monitoring can provide additional information. A normal composite score on 24-hour pH monitoring is less than 11.99 using the Boix-Ochoa scale. pH-impedance monitoring allows detection of acid and non-acid reflux and differentiation of liquid versus gas contents.
JNET classification of colo rectal polyps
This document discusses the JNET classification of colorectal polyps based on narrow-band imaging (NBI) endoscopy. It provides a brief history of NBI development and discusses the need for a new universal polyp classification system. The Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) developed a novel 4-type classification system in 2014 using magnifying NBI endoscopy and considering both vessel and surface patterns. Type 1 correlates with hyperplastic/sessile serrated polyps, type 2A with low-grade dysplasia, type 2B can range from low-grade dysplasia to deep submucosal invasion, and type 3 correlates with deep submucosal invasion. A validation study found high accuracy
Types of clinical studies
This document discusses different types of clinical studies used in evidence-based medicine, including case reports/series, ecological studies, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. It provides details on study designs, strengths and limitations, and how to interpret results including risk ratios, odds ratios, confidence intervals, and p-values. Key concepts covered include biases, confounding factors, prevalence versus incidence, and how study size influences precision.
MCQs in evidence based practice
Yes, the results are statistically significant since the confidence interval does not cross 1. The results are also precise since the confidence interval is narrow. There is no information given to determine if there is publication bias.
Understanding scientific peer review
This document discusses the history and process of scientific peer review. It begins by outlining some of the earliest documented uses of peer review in the 9th century by Ishaq bin Ali Al-Rahawi and in the 18th century by the Royal Society of London. It then describes how peer review evolved in the early 1900s in scientific journals and was facilitated by the introduction of photocopiers. The document outlines different peer review systems and their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses ways to improve peer review, including the roles of authors, editors, reviewers, and publishers. Overall, the document provides a high-level overview of the development and current state of scientific peer review.
Normal & abnormal swallows in chicago classification version 3.0
(1) This document discusses the technical aspects and metrics used in Chicago Classification version 3.0 for analyzing high resolution manometry studies of swallowing. It includes definitions for the different types of esophagogastric junction morphology, measurements of esophageal contraction vigor and pattern, and thresholds for classifying swallows as normal or abnormal.
(2) Key metrics discussed include integrated relaxation pressure for analyzing esophagogastric junction relaxation, distal contractile integral for measuring contraction vigor, and distal latency for evaluating premature contractions.
(3) The document provides illustrations and examples of how to identify landmarks like the contractile deceleration point and measure these various metrics to characterize swallows according to the Chicago Classification.
Indications, examination protocol & results of conventional anorectal manometry
This document discusses conventional anorectal manometry (ARM), including the equipment, examination protocol, normal values, and interpretations. ARM involves using catheters to measure pressures in the anal canal and rectum at rest and during maneuvers like squeezing, coughing, and simulated defecation. It provides normal ranges for metrics like anal canal resting pressure, squeeze pressure, and the presence of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex. Interpretations of atypical results are discussed to aid in diagnosing conditions like fecal incontinence, Hirschsprung's disease, and dyssynergia.
Endoanal ultrasound in anal diseases
Endoanal ultrasound can be used to evaluate several anal diseases:
(1) It can identify anal sphincter lesions such as defects from obstetrical trauma, surgery, or accidental injury. Defects involve disruption of the internal and/or external anal sphincters and ultrasound can determine the extent and muscles involved.
(2) It is useful for evaluating perianal fistulas by identifying their tracts.
(3) Anal canal tumors like carcinoma can be imaged with endoanal ultrasound.
(4) It can also assess miscellaneous anal conditions including endometriosis and hemorrhoidal prolapse.
Endorectal ultrasound in rectal diseases
ERUS can be used to stage rectal tumors by assessing tumor depth (T staging), nodal status (N staging), and distance to circumferential resection margins. It has high sensitivity and specificity for T1-3 staging but is less accurate for T4 tumors and nodal metastases. ERUS is useful for evaluating submucosal invasion depth and predicting tumors amenable to endoscopic resection. Limitations include difficulty distinguishing post-treatment changes from residual tumor. ERUS provides complementary information to MRI for locoregional staging of rectal cancers.
Esophageal motility disorders in Chicago classification v3.0
Description of esophageal motility disorders according to criteria of Chicago classification version 3.0 by high resolution manometry
Ultrasound & doppler ultrasound in liver transplantation
1) Doppler ultrasound is useful for detecting vascular complications following liver transplantation such as hepatic artery thrombosis, stenosis, and pseudoaneurysm as well as portal vein stenosis and thrombosis.
2) Reversible Doppler findings in the immediate postoperative period include elevated hepatic artery velocities and pulsatile portal vein flow that typically resolve within a few days.
3) Biliary cast syndrome is a rare but serious complication characterized by hard casts within the biliary ducts that can cause strictures, dilatation, and abscesses, often requiring surgery or endoscopic removal. Doppler ultrasound may demonstrate associated hepatic artery stenosis.
More from Samir Haffar (20)
Ultrasound of groin & anterior abdominal wall hernias
Ultrasound of groin & anterior abdominal wall hernias
Extended focus assessment with sonography for trauma
Extended focus assessment with sonography for trauma
Normal & abnormal swallows in chicago classification version 3.0
Normal & abnormal swallows in chicago classification version 3.0
Indications, examination protocol & results of conventional anorectal manometry
Indications, examination protocol & results of conventional anorectal manometry
Esophageal motility disorders in Chicago classification v3.0
Esophageal motility disorders in Chicago classification v3.0
Ultrasound & doppler ultrasound in liver transplantation
Ultrasound & doppler ultrasound in liver transplantation
Recently uploaded
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF URINARY SYSTEM.pptx
Valuable Content of Human Anatomy and Physiology of Urinary system as per PCI Syllabus for Pharmacy and PharmD Students.
ARTHROLOGY PPT NCISM SYLLABUS AYURVEDA STUDENTS
PPT RELATED TO ARTHROLOGY ACCORDING TO NCISM AYURVEDA
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...chandankumarsmartiso
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun Women Seeking Service
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdf
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
we have mentioned the best 10 ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups. You can check all these products and choose the best one for yourself.
Recently uploaded (20)
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 8107221448 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Ear and its clinical correlations By Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Hemorrhoides
- 2. Definitions • Hemorrhoids Dillated vascular channel in 3 constant locations Normal part of human anatomy • Hemorroidal Disease Manifeted by prolapse, bleeding, & itching • Internal hemorrhoids Originate above dentate line Covered with transitional mucosa • External hemorrhoids Located close to the verge Covered with transitional mucosa
- 3. Usual sites of internal hemorrhoids Knee-chest position Left lateral Right posterior Right anterior
- 4. Incidence of hemorrhoidal disease • Exact incidence is not known • 10 - 25 % of adult population thought to be affected
- 5. Pathogenesis of hemorrhoids Normal vascular cushions present at birth Downward pressure during defecation Muscle fibers that anchor cushions attenuated Hemorrhoids: slide, congested, bleed, prolapse High resting anal pressure (unclear?)
- 6. Classification of internal hemorrhoids • First degree Project a short way into the anal canal The only symptom is bleeding • Second degree Prolapse during defecation Return spontaneously • Third degree Must be returned manually • Fourth degree Hemorrhoids are irreducible
- 7. Symptoms of hemorrhoids Intermittent symptoms • Painless bleeding Seen on toilet tissue Dripping into toilet at end of defecation Accumulate in rectum with dark blood or clots • Prolapsed hemorrhoids Blood & mucus stain patient’s underwear Mucus against anal skin lead to itching
- 8. Third degree internal hemorrhoids
- 9. Forth degree internal hemorrhoids
- 11. Anal & rectal palpation
- 13. Internal hemorroids Seen with the proctoscope
- 15. Prolapse of 3 mains hemorrhoidal piles
- 16. External hemorroids (skin tags)
- 19. Treatment of internal hemorrhoids Reduce downward pressure Diet Bulk agents Veinotonic agents Avoid prolonged sitting at stool Fix cushions to sphincter Sclerosing injections Rubber band ligation Cryotherapy Photocoagulation: infrared - laser Electrocoagulation: bipolar - heater probe Excise hemorrhoids Hemorrhoidectomy
- 20. Preferences for treatment of hemorrhoids Degree or Grade Treatment 1 Sclerosing injections Infrared coagulation 2 Infrared coagulation Rubber band ligation 3 Rubber band ligation 4 Hemorrhoidectomy
- 23. Sites of sclerosing injections 1 Superficial 2 Good (submucosa) 3 Deep (intramuscular)
- 24. Sclerosing injections • Substances 1 ml is sufficient to create raise area Phenol 5 % – Quinine Chlorhydrate & urea 5% • Number of injections 2 injections per week 4 – 6 injections in total • Results Success in 75 % of first & second degree
- 26. Infrared photocoagulation • Coagulation proximal to internal hemorrhoids • Applied for 1.5 sec in 2 – 3 sites • Success in 75 % of 1st & sd degree • Rare complications
- 29. Number of bands in one session Disagreement • 1 band by session Many authorities believe that severity of pain & risk of complictions are less • 2 – 3 bands by session Safe & effective at one setting • 8 – 10 bands in one session
- 30. Retroflexed endoscopic multiple band ligation Extensive ligations of internal hemorrhoids & normal rectal mucosa immediately proximal to internal hemorrhoids weeks after8 – 10 elastic bands in one session Before band ligation Gastrointest Endosc 2004 ; 59 : 380 – 4 .
- 31. Rubber band ligation is probably the most common fixation method in use worldwide today
- 32. Rubber band ligation Complications Pain Moderate 5 - 85% – analgesic Severe near dentate line – ablation Bleeding Minimal 1 – 15 % Severe: 0.5 - 2% – Transfusion – suture Cellutitis Severe complication (50% mortality) 15 cases reported between 1980 – 1988 Anaerobic – Gram negative bacteria Early symptoms: anorectal pain & urinary troubles Early treatment ameliorate prognosis (antibiotics) Dysuria & urine retention
- 36. Edematous external hemorroidal thrombosis
- 37. Sebaceous cyst Not painful After puncture
- 38. Thrombosed hemorrhoidal prolapse Acute hemorrhoidal disease
- 39. Treatment of acute hemorrhoidal disease Medical Direct injection of 9 ml bupivacaine 0.25% + 1 ml hyaluronidase Gentle massage followed by reduction of the mass NSAIDs parenterally Surgical Emergency hemorrhoidectomy occasionally
- 40. Only about 10% of patients should undergo operation
- 41. Thank You