Extended totally extraperitoneal repair (eTEP) is a novel technique that was first introduced by Jorge Daes in 2012 to address difficult inguinal hernias.
Please find the power point on Hemorrhoids. I tried present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references.
Extended totally extraperitoneal repair (eTEP) is a novel technique that was first introduced by Jorge Daes in 2012 to address difficult inguinal hernias.
Please find the power point on Hemorrhoids. I tried present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references.
HEMORRHOIDECTOMY- OPERATIVE SURGERY
#surgicaleducator #operativesurgery #hemorrhoidectomy #usmle #babysurgeon #surgicaltutor
Subscription Link: http://youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator...
Surgical Educator Android App link: https://play.google.com/store/apps/de...
Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Because of the popular demand by viewers of the YouTube channel “Surgical Educator”, I have decided to create and upload videos on common surgeries.
• In this video today, I have discussed Hemorrhoidectomy- Barron’s banding, open and closed hemorrhoidectomy, Stapler hemorrhoidectomy and THD- Transanal Hemorroidal Dearterialisation. So, it is a 4in1 video.
• However, these videos are not real surgeries but the theoretical aspect of operative surgery like going through an atlas of operative surgery.
• Along with these videos, I recommend you watch real operative surgery videos as well and I will give a link for each surgery in the end of the video as end-cards, which I think will be very useful.
• This will give a very good opportunity for the surgical trainees to mentally rehearse various surgical steps in a sequential manner prior to actual surgery. You can watch the video in the following links:
• surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the videos.
This presentation gives general overview about different aspects of PILONIDAL DISEASE including pathophysiology, etiology, clinical Presentation, different treatment options available etc
Component seperation technique for the repair of very large ventral hernias nikhilameerchetty
Includes all the ventral hernia repairs with the loss of domain and the various methods of component separation technique with their success rate for their repair ,few videos showing the methods of repair in addition to the latest techniques of repair .
OPEN INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR- OPERATIVE SURGERY
#surgicaleducator #operativesurgery #openinguinalherniarepair #usmle #babysurgeon #surgicaltutor
Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Because of the popular demand by viewers of the YouTube channel “Surgical Educator”, I have decided to create and upload videos on common surgeries.
• I have already uploaded videos on open and Laparoscopic Appendicectomy, Thyroidectomy, Modified Radical Mastectomy and open and
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
• In this video today, I have discussed Open Inguinal Hernia Repair.
• However, these videos are not real surgeries but the theoretical aspect of operative surgery like going through an atlas of operative surgery.
• Along with these videos, I recommend you to watch real operative surgery videos as well and I will give a link for each surgery in the end of the video as end-cards, which I think will be very useful.
• This will give a very good opportunity for the surgical trainees to mentally rehearse various surgical steps in a sequential manner prior to actual surgery. You can watch the video in the following links:
• surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the videos.
OPEN RIGHT HEMICOLECTOMY- STEP BY STEP OPERATIVE SURGERY
#surgicaleducator #operativesurgery #openrighthemicolectomy #usmle #babysurgeon #surgicaltutor
Subscription Link: http://youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator...
Surgical Educator Android App link: https://play.google.com/store/apps/de...
Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Because of the popular demand by viewers of the YouTube channel “Surgical Educator”, I have decided to create and upload videos on common surgeries.
• In this video today, I have discussed Open Right Hemicolectomy .
• However, these videos are not real surgeries but the theoretical aspect of operative surgery like going through an atlas of operative surgery.
• Along with these videos, I recommend you to watch real operative surgery videos as well and I will give a link for each surgery in the end of the video as end-cards, which I think will be very useful.
• This will give a very good opportunity for the surgical trainees to mentally rehearse various surgical steps in a sequential manner prior to actual surgery. You can watch all my teaching videos in the following link:
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the videos.
HEMORRHOIDECTOMY- OPERATIVE SURGERY
#surgicaleducator #operativesurgery #hemorrhoidectomy #usmle #babysurgeon #surgicaltutor
Subscription Link: http://youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator...
Surgical Educator Android App link: https://play.google.com/store/apps/de...
Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Because of the popular demand by viewers of the YouTube channel “Surgical Educator”, I have decided to create and upload videos on common surgeries.
• In this video today, I have discussed Hemorrhoidectomy- Barron’s banding, open and closed hemorrhoidectomy, Stapler hemorrhoidectomy and THD- Transanal Hemorroidal Dearterialisation. So, it is a 4in1 video.
• However, these videos are not real surgeries but the theoretical aspect of operative surgery like going through an atlas of operative surgery.
• Along with these videos, I recommend you watch real operative surgery videos as well and I will give a link for each surgery in the end of the video as end-cards, which I think will be very useful.
• This will give a very good opportunity for the surgical trainees to mentally rehearse various surgical steps in a sequential manner prior to actual surgery. You can watch the video in the following links:
• surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the videos.
This presentation gives general overview about different aspects of PILONIDAL DISEASE including pathophysiology, etiology, clinical Presentation, different treatment options available etc
Component seperation technique for the repair of very large ventral hernias nikhilameerchetty
Includes all the ventral hernia repairs with the loss of domain and the various methods of component separation technique with their success rate for their repair ,few videos showing the methods of repair in addition to the latest techniques of repair .
OPEN INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR- OPERATIVE SURGERY
#surgicaleducator #operativesurgery #openinguinalherniarepair #usmle #babysurgeon #surgicaltutor
Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Because of the popular demand by viewers of the YouTube channel “Surgical Educator”, I have decided to create and upload videos on common surgeries.
• I have already uploaded videos on open and Laparoscopic Appendicectomy, Thyroidectomy, Modified Radical Mastectomy and open and
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
• In this video today, I have discussed Open Inguinal Hernia Repair.
• However, these videos are not real surgeries but the theoretical aspect of operative surgery like going through an atlas of operative surgery.
• Along with these videos, I recommend you to watch real operative surgery videos as well and I will give a link for each surgery in the end of the video as end-cards, which I think will be very useful.
• This will give a very good opportunity for the surgical trainees to mentally rehearse various surgical steps in a sequential manner prior to actual surgery. You can watch the video in the following links:
• surgicaleducator.blogspot.com
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the videos.
OPEN RIGHT HEMICOLECTOMY- STEP BY STEP OPERATIVE SURGERY
#surgicaleducator #operativesurgery #openrighthemicolectomy #usmle #babysurgeon #surgicaltutor
Subscription Link: http://youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator...
Surgical Educator Android App link: https://play.google.com/store/apps/de...
Dear viewers,
• Greetings from “Surgical Educator”
• Because of the popular demand by viewers of the YouTube channel “Surgical Educator”, I have decided to create and upload videos on common surgeries.
• In this video today, I have discussed Open Right Hemicolectomy .
• However, these videos are not real surgeries but the theoretical aspect of operative surgery like going through an atlas of operative surgery.
• Along with these videos, I recommend you to watch real operative surgery videos as well and I will give a link for each surgery in the end of the video as end-cards, which I think will be very useful.
• This will give a very good opportunity for the surgical trainees to mentally rehearse various surgical steps in a sequential manner prior to actual surgery. You can watch all my teaching videos in the following link:
• youtube.com/c/surgicaleducator
• Thank you for watching the videos.
Lecture on haemorrhoids for medical students. Encompasses basic sciences, classifications, principles and tips of management of this very common yet potentially complicated disorder.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
3. Risk Factors For Haemorrhoids
• Common risk factors
Spinal-cord injuries
Constipation
Pregnancy
Poor bathroom habits/Postponing bowel movements
Poor-fiber diet
Liver Cirrhosis – Portal Hypertension
Hereditary
• Mechanism
Natural weakening of the blood vessel wall
Increase in intra-abdominal pressure
Venous outflow blockade secondary to pregnancy
3
4. How common are Hemorrhoids ?
• One of the most common medical conditions.
• 25% in the adult population, and higher than 50%
for those older than 50.
• Burden in India – It has been projected that 505 of
the population would have hemorrhoids at some
point in their life by the time they reach 50 and
approximately 5% population would suffer from
hemorrhoids at any given point of time.(1)
• The prevalence and the incidence are most
probably higher, considering the fact that, in
certain patients, the illness begins in an 4
5. Anatomy
• They are clusters of vascular tissue, smooth muscle and
connective tissue lined by normal epithelium of anal canal.
•These vessels are normally supported by longitudinal muscle
fibres which help to retain the vascular cushions in their
position in the upper half of the anal canal.
•They are commonly seen in the left lateral, the right anterior
and the right posterior (3,7 and 11 o’clock) positions with a
patient in lithotomy position.
7. Types of Haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids originating
above the dentate line are
termed as “Internal
Haemorrhoids”.
Haemorhhoids originating
below the dentate line are
termed as “External
Haemorrhoids”.
13. Conservative:
•Medical management
•Advice
•For minor symptoms
•High fiber diet.
Thorough perianal lavage after defecation
•Changing defecation habits
•Do not neglect first urge to defecate in the morning.
•Do not insist on trying to pass the last portion of stool from rectum in the
belief that it is not passed
•Diet manipulation
•Bulking agents (high fiber diet) e.g ispaghol husk and methyl cellulose.
•Tropical agents
•Suppositories (shark liver oil, skin respiratory factor)
•Xylocain for pain
•Paraffin as lubricant to avoid rubbing.
14. Conservative:
• Invasive therapy:
•Principles on which invasive therapy is based;
1. Prevention of prolapse by mucosal fixation.
2. Prevention of congestion by stretching or by
dividing the internal sphincter.
3. Excision of the engorged internal vascular
channels.
15. Invasive therapy:
•Injection Sclerotherapy
• Useful in 1st and 2nd degree.
•70% success rate.
•Sclerosant causes aseptic inflammation and fibrosis in
2-3 weeks.
•Gabriel syringe and needle are used.
•5% phenol in almond oil (3ml in each cushion).
•2.4% anhydrous qunine area with pH 2.6.
•Knee chest or left lateral position.
•Right posterior cushion should be injected first.
16. Contd..
Technique:
•The protoscope is passed and obturator is removed.
•The scope is manipulated until the junction between the pink and the
purple mucosa is positioned indicating the base of the cushion.
•The needle of the syringe is introduced obliquely through the
mucosa for 1cm.
•The procedure should be painless.
19. Invasive therapy:
Rubber Band ligation:
•Used for 2nd degree.
•80% success rate.
•Principle is mucosal fixation by ulceration.
•Band produces ischemic necrosis with sloughing and
ulceration.
•Ligators
•Barron ligator
•Suction band ligator
•Mc Giveny ligator.
20. Contd..
Technique:
•Rubber band is equipped by the help of the loading cone.
•Pass proctoscope.
•Visualize the cushion, the base of cushion lies 1.5-2cm above the
dentate line.
•Long shaft of the suction band equipment is introduced through the
proctoscope.
•Haemorrhoid is sucked into the lumen of the inner drum.
•Handle is squeezed toadvance the outer drum that releases the rubber
band and applies it to the neck of haemorrhoid.
21.
22. Complications:
•Pain (If severe pain then removal of band
and treatment with photocoagulation).
•Bleeding.
•Pelvic cellulitis (clostridial infection
common).
23. Invasive therapy:
Cryotherapy:
When tissue freezes, intracellular water crytalizes, cell membranes are
destroyed and tissue death occurs. Tissue freezes at -20ºC and permanent
destruction occurs at -22ºC . Liquid Nitrous oxide is used in this process.
Technique:
•With bivalved speculum anal cusions are exposed.
•Apply lubricant.
•The probe is laid along the length of the cushion and pressed laterally
while the trigger is squeezed. Nitrous oxide evaporates in the tip that
become frozen. This is continued for 3 minutes.
24.
25. Invasive therapy:
Photocoagulation:
The technology includes infared
radiation generated by tungsten halogen lamp
which is focused on the tissue from a gold
plated reflector housing through a polymer
tubing.
26.
27. Invasive therapy:
Dopler Guided Haemorrhoidal Artery
Ligation:
DGHAL is a non-excisional surgical technique for
the treatment of haemorrhoidal disease, consisting of the
ligation of the distal branches of the superior rectal artery,
resulting in a reduction of blood flow and decongestion of
haemorrhoidal plexus resulting in fibrosis.
28. Technique:
•The proctoscope consists of a Doppler transducer on the
tip.
•There is an opening slightly distally from the transducer
through which the ligature can be placed in the tissue.
•The proctoscope connects to the Doppler device and
produces easily recognizable acoustic signals.
• After an arterial signal is detected, it is ligated.
29. •After ligation, the absence of an arterial signal on that
spot is confirmed with the Doppler transducer.
•Three full circles with the proctoscope are performed in
the rectal canal.
•The ligations are performed with a vicryl stitch especially
made for this procedure (AMI HAL suture, 2/0 vicryl,
tapered needle, 5/8 circumference, reinforced needle-
thread connection).
Contd…
34. Surgery: Haemorrhoidectomy
•Indications:
•3rd degree haemorrhoids.
•2nd degree haemorrhoids which have not been cured by non-
operative methods.
•Fibrosed haemorrhoids.
•Interno-external haemorrhoids when the external haemorrhoids
are well defined.
•Preparation:
•1 enema night before the surgery, another enema 1 hour before
the surgery.
•Points with severely prolapsed haemorrhoids should be spared
from enema.
35. Open haemorrhoidectomy
(Milligan- Morgan):
•Technique:
•Lithotomy position.
•1st the left lateral haemorrhoid is excised, them the right posterior and
then the right anterior.
•Skin covered component of each pile is seized with the artery forceps and
retracted outward.
•The purple anal mucosal component of each pile is grasped with another
artery forceps and drawn downward and outward. This indicates the pile
has been drawn to the maximum extent so that ligature can be applied at the
upper pole.
36. Contd..
•A V-shaped incision is made in the anal and peri-anal skin
so that the limbs of the V cross the mucocutaneous
junction but do not extend into the mucosa.
•Venous plexus is dissected from the internal sphincter
while preserving the sphincter.
•The apex of the pedicle is transfixed with 1/0 chromic
catgut.
•The asolated haemorrhoid is then excised with the
scissors a few millimetre below the ligature.
37.
38.
39.
40. LASE THERAPY FOR LASER
Nd- YAG, diode and carbon dioxide lasers can be used
in the treatment of third degree piles.
The intense beam of light interacts with tissue and can
be used to cut, coagulate and abalate the tissue,
sealing off nerves and tiny blood vessels. By sealing
superficial nerve endings patients have minimum
postoperative discomfort.
In a study to evaluate Diode laser for treatment of
haemorrhoid, the results show zero recurrence and
stricture after one year and very lowtotal complication
such as edema and haemorrhage.(2)
41. Closed haemorrhoidectomy
•Technique:
•Prone jack knife position/left lateral.
•Adhesive tape to retract the buttocks.
•Anal canal examined by Pratt bivalved speculam.
•After inspection, replace bivalved speculum with Fansler operating
anoscope.
•Anoscope is adjusted so thet the operating channel is in line with the
haemorrhoidal tissue.
42. Contd..
•The skin tag or anal epithelium adjacent to haemorrhoidal
tissue is grasped with the pair of Aliss forceps and retracted
toward the centre of the anal canal.
•Sciccors with its curve toward the anal canal is used to
incise beneath the tissue forceps from thr perianal skin
upwards along the haemorrhoidal tissue.
•Most prominent region of the haemorrhoidal tissue is
excised 1st to minimize the subsequent loss of anoderm.
•Bleeding submucosal vessels are controlled with cautry.
43. Contd..
•After complete excision of the haemorrhoidal tissue to a
point above the internal sphincter the wound is closed
using a running 3/0 suture.
•Stiching is begun at the apex and mucosa is fixed with
submucosa and muscle.
44.
45.
46.
47. Stapler haemorrhoidectomy
•Technique:
•A circular, hollow tube is inserted into the anal canal.
•Through this tube, a suture (a long thread) is placed,
actually woven, circumferentially within the anal canal
above the internal hemorrhoids.
•The ends of the suture are brought out of the anus
through the hollow tube.
•The stapler (a disposable instrument with a circular
stapling device at the end) is placed through the first
hollow tube and the ends of the suture are pulled.
48. Contd…
•Pulling the suture pulls the expanded hemorrhoidal
supporting tissue into the jaws of the stapler.
• The hemorrhoidal cushions are pulled back up into their
normal position within the anal canal.
The stapler then is fired. When it fires, the stapler cuts off the
circumferential ring of expanded hemorrhoidal tissue trapped
within the stapler and at the same time staples together the
upper and lower edges of the cut tissue.
52. Bringing the expanded haemorrhoidal supporting
tissue into the hollow tube by pulling on suture
53. Haemorrhoids pulled back above the anal
canal after stapling and removal of
haemorrhoidal supporting tissue
54. Postoperative care:
•Advice to take Sitz bath twice/day using warm saline solution.
•Bulk laxative, twice daily.
•Appropriate analgesia.
•Antibiotics.
•Dry dressing.
•Follow up after 3-4 weeks.
56. Prevention
Eat high fiber diet.
Drink Plenty of Liquids.
Fiber Supplements.
Exercise.
Avoid long periods of standing or sitting.
Don’t Strain while defecation.
Go as soon as you feel the urge.
57. Conclusion
• In most instances, haemorrhoids are treated conservatively,
using many methods such as lifestyle modification, fiber
supplement, suppository-delivered anti-inflammatory drugs
and administration of venotonic drugs.
• Non-operative approaches include sclerotherapy and
preferably rubber band ligation.
• An operation is indicated when non-operative approaches
have failed or complications have occurred.
58. Conclusion
• Conventional haemorrhoidectomy is the gold standard
operation against which other haemorrhoidal procedures
should be compared.
• Nonetheless, it has its own postoperative morbidity,
including pain, bleeding and infection.
• This has led to the application of more recent techniques
to improve the treatment of this very common disease.
59. References
Phlebolymphology: 2004: 268-297.
World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Aug 21; 21(31): 9245–9252.
Advances in Therapy. 2018;35(11):1979-1992.
Bailey nd love’s short practice of surgery:26th edition.
A Manual of Clinical Surgery, S das 15th edition
SRB’s manual of surgery: 6th edition.
(1)Agarwal Niranjan, Singh Kumkum. Indian journal of Surgey 2017
(2)Abdolhadi et al 2012(Iran)
medicinenet.inc