This document discusses genetically modified (GM) foods and their potential health implications. It provides a brief history of GM crops, including early developments in the 1940s-1990s and major commercially approved GM crops. Both potential benefits and risks of GM foods are outlined, such as increased yields but also possible long-term health effects. The document then examines specific studies on the composition and safety of various GM crops and products like tomatoes, maize, soybeans, and potatoes. It also discusses potential risks including allergic reactions, unintended changes to nutrient profiles, and issues like the development of pest resistance.
Molecular Farming and biopharamaceutialsSoumitra Paul
This presentation highlights the uses of transgenic plants as bio-pharamaceuticals including plantibodies, edible vaccine etc. The mechanism of plantibodies, vaccine generation has also been focused
Molecular Farming and biopharamaceutialsSoumitra Paul
This presentation highlights the uses of transgenic plants as bio-pharamaceuticals including plantibodies, edible vaccine etc. The mechanism of plantibodies, vaccine generation has also been focused
based on the following paper
"Enhanced resistance to blast fungus in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by
expressing the ribosome-inactivating protein alpha-momorcharin
Qian Qian1, Lin Huang1, Rong Yi, Shuzhen Wang, Yi Ding∗
State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic
of China
Ethical and bio-safety issues related to GM cropsMahammed Faizan
a seminar presentation on ethical and bio-safety issues related GM crops.
impact of gm crops on human, animal and environmental health.
safety measure related transgenic crops.
international governmental bodies
Assesment Food and Environmental Saftey of Genetically Engineered (GE) Food C...Suresh Antre
Over the last two decades, individual governments and intergovernmental organizations have designed strategies and protocols for safety assessment of foods/ feed derived from GM crops, (FAO/WHO, CAC, OECD etc).
All GM crops that have been approved for commercialization and entered the agri-food chain have undergone extensive testing.
Application Of Genetic Engineering In Industrial Microbiology And BiotechnologyZohaib HUSSAIN
The property of DNA to replicate and reproduce and to have a sequence also called as coding sequence for mRNA and ultimately for protein. The most important feature of DNA is if DNA coding for protein is from one organism is copy and paste in another it will express there to. This feature is manipulated for benefit of humans using technique called recombinant DNA Technology using which lots of improvements are done in agriculture, health care sector and industrial sector.
Genetically modified foods or GM foods, also known as genetically engineered foods, bioengineered foods, genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Genetic Engineering - Chris Leaverb4fa
Introduction to genetic engineering technologies and principles at B4FA 2013 Accra media fellowship workshop
For more information please see www.b4fa.org
this presentation deals with Molecular Ph(f)arming, and bio-safety issues related to it. This was presented by me in credit seminar in the division of Agricultural physics, IARI, New Delhi.
the sources used are duly acknowledged in the figures and slides.
based on the following paper
"Enhanced resistance to blast fungus in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by
expressing the ribosome-inactivating protein alpha-momorcharin
Qian Qian1, Lin Huang1, Rong Yi, Shuzhen Wang, Yi Ding∗
State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, People’s Republic
of China
Ethical and bio-safety issues related to GM cropsMahammed Faizan
a seminar presentation on ethical and bio-safety issues related GM crops.
impact of gm crops on human, animal and environmental health.
safety measure related transgenic crops.
international governmental bodies
Assesment Food and Environmental Saftey of Genetically Engineered (GE) Food C...Suresh Antre
Over the last two decades, individual governments and intergovernmental organizations have designed strategies and protocols for safety assessment of foods/ feed derived from GM crops, (FAO/WHO, CAC, OECD etc).
All GM crops that have been approved for commercialization and entered the agri-food chain have undergone extensive testing.
Application Of Genetic Engineering In Industrial Microbiology And BiotechnologyZohaib HUSSAIN
The property of DNA to replicate and reproduce and to have a sequence also called as coding sequence for mRNA and ultimately for protein. The most important feature of DNA is if DNA coding for protein is from one organism is copy and paste in another it will express there to. This feature is manipulated for benefit of humans using technique called recombinant DNA Technology using which lots of improvements are done in agriculture, health care sector and industrial sector.
Genetically modified foods or GM foods, also known as genetically engineered foods, bioengineered foods, genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.
B4FA 2013 Ghana: Genetic Engineering - Chris Leaverb4fa
Introduction to genetic engineering technologies and principles at B4FA 2013 Accra media fellowship workshop
For more information please see www.b4fa.org
this presentation deals with Molecular Ph(f)arming, and bio-safety issues related to it. This was presented by me in credit seminar in the division of Agricultural physics, IARI, New Delhi.
the sources used are duly acknowledged in the figures and slides.
Genetic Engineering in Insect Pest management Mohd Irshad
gene incorporation is gaining attention across the globe with the aim of improving plant health, crop protection, and sustainable crop production. This versatile method of Scientific cultivation should be adopted by the growers as it has been investigated and assessed by experts and environmentalists. There is not any kind of toxic effect on mammalian.
David Glass World Biofuels Markets Conference Presentation, March 2011David Glass
Presentation by David Glass at 2011 World Biofuels Markets Conference, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, March 22, 2011. This presentation describes approaches being taken to use advanced biotechnology to improve the plant species being used as biofuel feedstocks. This was part of the "Energy Crops" sessions at the conference, which Dr. Glass moderated.
Queueing theory is the mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues. A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted
Ionizing radiations can play a significant role in the control of biotic factors responsible for the spoilage of fruits and vegetables. Radiation processing involves the controlled application of the energy of ionizing radiations such as gamma rays, X-rays, and accelerated electrons to fruits and vegetables for achieving safety of the produces.
The liquid food is generally preconcentrated by evaporation to economically reduce the water content. The concentrate is then introduced as a fine spray or mist into a tower or chamber with heated air. As the small droplets make intimate contact with the heated air, they flash off their moisture, become small particles, and drop to the bottom of the tower, and are removed. The advantages of spray drying include a low heat and short time combination which leads to a better quality product.
The oscillating magnetic field is one of the emerging nonthermal processing methods of food preservation. OMF has the potential to inactivate microorganisms, pasteurize food with an improvement in the quality and shelf life, and alters the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. It has its own limitations and drawbacks.
Pulsed electric field (PEF) processing is an emerging non-thermal food preservation technology. PEF technology is established on the utilization of electric fields to remove food-borne pathogens and to subjugate the spoilage microorganisms in foods. This technology is notably acknowledged for its capability to amplify the mean life of food products without the utilization of heat also preserving the quality aspects such as sensory and nutritional attributes, together with enabling the safety of food products
Non-thermal processes have become increasingly popular over the last decades. As one of the emerging non-thermal
technologies, pulsed light (PL) represents a fast, tailored and residue-free technology that—via high frequency,
high intensity pulses of broad-spectrum light rich in the UV fraction—is capable of inactivating microbial
cells and spores.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
Health implications of gm food
1. M.Venkatasami,
Ph.D. (Processing and Food Engineering)
Department of Food Process Engineering
AEC&RI, TNAU.
7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1
HEALTH IMPLICATION
OF GM FOODS
FSN 605 Advances in Food Science and Technology (2+1)
2. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2
INTRODUCTION
Transfer of DNA between organisms
DNA transfer-Major mechanism for antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria.
First genetically modified (GM) plant
An antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant.
China commercialize a transgenic crop
Virus resistant tobacco.
FDA Approval -USA
Flavour Saver tomato
1946
1983
1990
1994
3. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 3
CONT…
Canola with modified oil composition (Calgene)
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn/maize (Ciba-Geigy)
Cotton resistant to the herbicide bromoxynil (Calgene)
Bt cotton (Monsanto)
Bt potatoes (Monsanto)
Soybeans resistant to the herbicide glyphosate (Monsanto)
Virus-resistant squash (Asgrow)
Additional delayed ripening tomatoes (DNAP, Zeneca/Peto, and Monsanto)
1995
A total of 35 approvals had been granted to commercially grow,
8 transgenic crops
One flower crop of carnations with 8 different traits in 6 countries plus the EU
1996
4. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 4
GM FOODS-MERITS
Diseases control
Faster growth
Resistance to frequent drought
Resistance to pests and insects
Reduces pesticides and
insecticides
Environment friendly
CROP
Higher food production
Elimination of allergens
Free from chemicals
High in minerals and vitamins
Tastes better
Increased shelf life
PRODUCT
5. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 5
GM FOODS-DEMERITS
Development of diseases which are immune to antibiotics
Long term effects on human beings are unknown
Improper labelling
Religious and cultural communities - unnatural
Total protein
Vitamins
Mineral
Toxic glycoalkaloids
GM Tomatoes
Inserting kanʳ
genes
‘Antisense’ GM
method
No
significant
alterations
Gm Parent
Substantially
equivalent
6. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 6
CONT…
Acute toxicity studies
Male/female rats
Tube-fed with homogenized
GM tomatoes
Toxic effects were
absent
GM maize
Two lines of Chardon LL
herbicide-resistant
‘phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase’
Significant
alterations
Fat
Carbohydrate
Gm Parent
Different
Toxicity tests Flawed
7. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 7
GM soybeans Agrobacterium
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-
phosphate synthase
CONT…
Gm Parent
Substantially
equivalent
Significant
alterations
Genistein (isoflavone)
Trypsin inhibitor
GM potatoes Soybean glycinin gene
Male/female
rats
Force-fed with 2 g of GM
No difference b/w control
and GM fed rats
8. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 8
CONT…
GM cotton
Bacillus thuringiensis
subsp. kurstaki
Lepidopteran
pests
No significant
alterations
Gm Parent
Substantially
equivalent
Macronutrients
Gossypol
Cyclopropenoid fatty acids and aflatoxin levels < Conventional seeds
GM rice
soybean
glycinin gene
40– 50 mg
glycinin/g protein
Claims
20 % more protein
Decrease in moisture rather than true increase in protein
9. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 9
GM peas
Alpha-amylase
inhibitor
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-
phosphate synthase
CONT…
GM peas fed to rats for 10 days
Two different doses viz. 30 % and 65 %
Similar to parent-line peas
Acute
toxicity
studies
Gm Parent
Substantially
equivalent
Nutritional/toxicological testing on laboratory animals should follow the clinical,
double-blind, placebo-type tests with human volunteers
MicroRNA
molecules
Present in a
diet (in rice)
May penetrate
into human
cells
Regulate the
expression of
human genes
10. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 10
ALLERGENICITY STUDIES
Alpha-amylase
Trypsin inhibitors
Allergens in rice
Crop with allergen
Non-allergenic
Target crop
Creation of a neo-allergen
Allergenicity
Antisense RNA
strategy
Bt toxin Cry1Ac
Potent oral/nasal
antigen and
adjuvant
11. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 11
RISKS
Tampering with mother nature
Increased weeds of relative species
Decrease pest competition
Beneficial insects affected by harmful quantities of Bt.
Viruses can recombine with viral fragments forming new viruses
.
Evolution
Pest-resistant and herbicide-
resistant plants
Superbugs and super weeds
12. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 12
HEALTH RISKS
The mechanisms of food hazards fall into three main categories
Inserted genes and their expression products
Secondary and pleiotropic effects of gene
expression
The insertional mutagenesis resulting from
gene integration
Transferred gene
The expression of the gene
The affects of the gene product
Health risk
Unpredictable allergenic effects New proteins can be synthesized
Bean plants
Cysteine and
methionine
Transgene -
expressed protein
Highly allergenic
13. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 13
CONT…
Secondary and pleiotropic effects of gene expression
Transgenes encode an enzyme Alters biochemical pathways
Increase or decrease in certain biochemical
New enzyme could cause depletion in the enzymatic substrate
Subsequent build up of the enzymatic product
Metabolites to diverge from one secondary metabolic pathway to another
Changes in metabolism can lead to an increase in toxin concentrations
Assessing toxins is a more difficult task due to limitations of animal models
NEW
ENZYME
14. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 14
CONT…
The insertional mutagenesis resulting from gene integration
Disrupt or change the expression
Of existing genes
Host plant
Random insertion
of gene
Inactivation of
endogenous genes
Production
mutant plants
Fusion proteins can be made from plant
DNA and inserted DNA
Concerns - the activation or up regulation
of silent or low expressed genes
It is possible to activate “genes that encode enzymes in biochemical
pathways toward the production of toxic secondary compounds”
15. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 15
GM FOODS: INDIA
Stopped all field trials
Bar on GM food crops such as Bt. brinjal
Raised the “ethical dimensions”
Long-term environmental and chronic toxicology impact,
No significant socio-economic benefits to farmers
Parliamentary
Committee
on Agriculture,
2012
GM mustard
Barnase-
barstar-bar
gene complex
Male sterile
lines
Hybrid
mustard
varieties
Bt cotton is the only genetically modified (GM) crop that has been approved for
commercial cultivation in 2002 by the Government of India.
16. 7/28/2021
ADVANCES IN FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 16
REFERENCES
Bawa, A. S., and K. R. Anilakumar. "Genetically modified foods: safety, risks and public
concerns—a review." Journal of food science and technology 50, no. 6 (2013): 1035-
1046.
Lisowska, K. "Genetically modified crops and food: pros and cons." Chemik 11 (2011):
1193-1203.