Somaclonal Variation in Plant tissue culture - Variation in somaclones (somatic cells of plants)
Somaclonal variation # Basis of somaclonal variation # General feature of Somaclonal variations # Types and causes of somaclonal variation # Isolation procedure of somaclones via without in-vitro method and with in-vitro method with their limitations and advantages # Detection of isolated somaclonal variation # Application (with examples respectively related to crop improvement) # Advantages and disadvantages of somaclonal variations.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZwrkgADM3I
Also watch, Gametoclonal variation slides to understand, how to changes occur in gametoclones of plants.
https://www.slideshare.net/SharmasClasses/gametoclonal-variation
Somaclonal Variation in Plant tissue culture - Variation in somaclones (somatic cells of plants)
Somaclonal variation # Basis of somaclonal variation # General feature of Somaclonal variations # Types and causes of somaclonal variation # Isolation procedure of somaclones via without in-vitro method and with in-vitro method with their limitations and advantages # Detection of isolated somaclonal variation # Application (with examples respectively related to crop improvement) # Advantages and disadvantages of somaclonal variations.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZwrkgADM3I
Also watch, Gametoclonal variation slides to understand, how to changes occur in gametoclones of plants.
https://www.slideshare.net/SharmasClasses/gametoclonal-variation
This presentation focus on how can be develop of herbicides resistant plants, Role of herbicides resistant plant, action of herbicides in unusual plants and agronomic importance of herbicides resistant plants.
Don"t forget to like, share and download
A process where an embryo is derived from a single somatic cell or group of somatic cells. Somatic embryos (SEs) are formed from plant cells that are not normally involved in embryo formation.
Embryos formed by somatic embryogenesis are called Embryoids.
The process was discovered for the first time in Daucas carota L. (carrot) by Steward (1958), Reinert (1959).
The presentation gives overview of production of secondary metabolites using callus culture as well as tissue culture techniques. Various batch and continuous culturing process are described on the basis of secondary metabolite to be synthesised.
plant Biotechnology: The application of Plant Biotechnology by use of scientific method to manipulate living cells or organisms for practical uses (manipulation and transfer of genetic material).
This presentation focus on how can be develop of herbicides resistant plants, Role of herbicides resistant plant, action of herbicides in unusual plants and agronomic importance of herbicides resistant plants.
Don"t forget to like, share and download
A process where an embryo is derived from a single somatic cell or group of somatic cells. Somatic embryos (SEs) are formed from plant cells that are not normally involved in embryo formation.
Embryos formed by somatic embryogenesis are called Embryoids.
The process was discovered for the first time in Daucas carota L. (carrot) by Steward (1958), Reinert (1959).
The presentation gives overview of production of secondary metabolites using callus culture as well as tissue culture techniques. Various batch and continuous culturing process are described on the basis of secondary metabolite to be synthesised.
plant Biotechnology: The application of Plant Biotechnology by use of scientific method to manipulate living cells or organisms for practical uses (manipulation and transfer of genetic material).
THIS PRESENTATION IS MAINLY ON THE EFFECTS, AVAILABILITY, STATUS, SAFETY, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF GM CROPS IN MODERN LIFE. IT WILL HELP MANY STUDENTS TO STUDY ON THIS TOPIC IN FUTURE.
Genetic Engineering in Insect Pest management Mohd Irshad
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gene incorporation is gaining attention across the globe with the aim of improving plant health, crop protection, and sustainable crop production. This versatile method of Scientific cultivation should be adopted by the growers as it has been investigated and assessed by experts and environmentalists. There is not any kind of toxic effect on mammalian.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using âinvisibleâ attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasnât one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar âDigital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?â on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus âManaging screen time: How to protect and equip students against distractionâ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective âStudents, digital devices and successâ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. Why is crop improvement
necessary?
It has been projected that global food production
must increase by 70% to meet the demand caused
by this growing global population, increasing
incomes and consumption. Food insecurity has
also increased in recent times in several regions
of the world owing to competing claims for land,
water, labor, energy and capital, which is leading
to more pressure to improve production per unit
of land.
3. In addition to the challenge of temperature extremes
(hot and cold) and drought or water stress as well as
flooding associated with climatic variability, the
incidence and severity of biotic stresses such as pests,
diseases and the invasion of alien weed species are also
likely to be greater. Cropping systems at greatest risk
include wheat and rice (Oryza sativa) in south and
southeast Asia and maize in southern Africa.
In the context of current climate variability recent
advances in agricultural biotechnology offer the
genetic enhancement of agricultural crops so that
they are better adapted to biotic and abiotic stresses,
leading to higher crop productivity?
4. Genetic engineering, also called genetic
modification, is the direct manipulation of
an organism's genome using biotechnology.
New DNA may be inserted in the host
genome by first isolating and copying the
genetic material of interest using molecular
cloning methods to generate a DNA
sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and
then inserting this construct into the host
organism.
5. Genetic engineering techniques
have been applied in numerous
fields including research,
agriculture, industrial
biotechnology, and medicine.
Enzymes used in laundry detergent
and medicines such as insulin and
human growth hormone are now
manufactured in GM cells,
experimental GM cell lines and GM
animals such as mice or zebra fish
are being used for research
purposes, and genetically modified
crops have been commercialized.
6. G M Crops: History
Tobacco plants were engineered to be
resistant to herbicides. in France and the
USA in 1986.
China was the first country to
commercialize transgenic plants,
introducing a virus-resistant tobacco in
1992.
In 1994 Calgene attained approval to
commercially release the Flavr Savr
tomato, a tomato engineered to have a
longer shelf life.
7. In 1994, the European Union
approved tobacco engineered to
be resistant to the herbicide
bromoxynil, making it the first
genetically engineered crop
commercialized in Europe.
In 1995, Bt Potato was approved
safe by the Environmental
Protection Agency making it the
first pesticide producing crop to
be approved in the USA.
In 2009, 11 transgenic crops were
grown commercially in 25
countries.
8. Process of Genetic Engineering:
The first step is to choose and isolate the gene that
will be inserted into the genetically modified
organism.
As of 2012, most commercialised, GM plants have
genes transferred into them that provide protection
against insects or tolerance to herbicides.
9. The gene can be isolated using restriction
enzymes or PCR can also be used to amplify
up a gene segment.
If the chosen gene or the donor
organism's genome has been well studied it
may be present in a genetic library.
If the DNA sequence is known, but no copies
of the gene are available, it can be artificially
synthesized.
10. The gene to be inserted into the genetically
modified organism must be combined with
other genetic elements in order for it to work
properly.
The gene can also be modified at this stage for
better expression or effectiveness.
As well as the gene to be inserted most
constructs contain a promoter and terminator
region as well as a selectable marker gene.
11. The promoter region initiates transcription of
the gene and can be used to control the
location and level of gene expression, while
the terminator region ends transcription.
The selectable marker, which in most cases
confers antibiotic resistance to the organism it
is expressed in, is needed to determine which
cells are transformed with the new gene.
The constructs are made using recombinant
DNA techniques, such as restriction digests,
ligations and molecular cloning. The
manipulation of the DNA generally occurs
within a plasmid.
12. In Agrobacterium-mediated
recombination the plasmid construct
contains T-DNA , DNA which is
responsible for insertion of the DNA into
the host plants genome. This plasmid is
transformed into Agrobacterium that
contains no plasmids and then plant cells
are infected. The Agrobacterium will
then naturally insert the genetic material
into the plant cells.
13. In biolistics transformation particles of
gold or tungsten are coated with DNA
and then shot into young plant cells or
plant embryos. Some genetic material
will enter the cells and transform them.
This method can be used on plants that
are not susceptible
toAgrobacterium infection and also
allows transformation of plant plastids.
14. Another transformation method for plant
and animal cells is electroporation.
Electroporation involves subjecting the
plant or animal cell to an electric shock,
which can make the cell membrane
permeable to plasmid DNA.
In some cases the electroporated cells will
incorporate the DNA into their genome.
15. As often only a single cell is transformed
with genetic material the organism must
be regenerated from that single cell.
In plants this is accomplished through the
use of tissue culture.
If successful an adult plant is produced
that contains the transgene in every cell.
16.
17.
18. Goals of GM Crops:
One goal, and the first to be realized
commercially, is to provide protection from
environmental threats, such as cold or pathogens,
such as insects or viruses, and resistance
to herbicides.
2ndly, to modify the quality of the produce,
for instance, increasing the nutritional value
or providing more industrially useful qualities
or quantities of the produce.F or example soya
bean, Canola and potato.
19. Another goal consists of driving the GMO to produce
materials that it does not normally make. One example
is "pharming" which uses crops as bioreactors to
produce vaccines, drug intermediates, or drug
themselves; the useful product is purified from the
harvest and then used in the standard pharmaceutical
production process.
Another goal in generating GMOs, is to directly
improve yield by accelerating growth, or making the
organism more hardy (for plants, by improving salt,
cold or drought tolerance).
20. The genetic engineering of agricultural crops can
increase the growth rates and resistance to different
diseases caused by pathogens and parasites.
This is beneficial as it can greatly increase the
production of food sources with the usage of fewer
resources that would be required to host the world's
growing populations.
These modified crops would also reduce the usage of
chemicals, such as fertilizers and pesticides and
therefore decrease the severity and frequency of the
damages produced by these chemical pollution.
21. Ethical and safety concerns:
have been raised around the use of genetically
modified food.
A major safety concern relates to the human
health implications of eating genetically
modified food, in particular whether toxic or
allergic reactions could occur.
Gene flow into related non-transgenic crops,
off target effects on beneficial organisms and
the impact on biodiversity are important
environmental issues.
22. Ethical concerns involve religious
issues, corporate control of the
food supply, intellectual property
rights and the level of labeling
needed on genetically modified
products.