1. The document discusses different types of propellers used on aircraft, including fixed pitch propellers, constant speed propellers, and ground-adjustable propellers. 2. It also describes the three main movements of aircraft - roll, pitch, and yaw. Roll is controlled by ailerons and causes the aircraft to tilt left or right. Pitch is controlled by the elevator and tilts the nose up or down. Yaw is controlled by the rudder and causes rotation around the vertical axis. 3. Maintaining control requires coordinating the ailerons, elevator, and rudder to control roll, pitch, and yaw respectively and enable turning of the aircraft.

1. AERO ENGINE
TOPIC: PROPELLER AND IT,S TYPE OR MOVEMENT OF AIRCRAFT

2. Group Members :
Awais Hassan Sap: 70113186
Abdul moiz Sap: 70109260
Submitted to : Sir Dawood Bukhari

3. Contents:
 Propeller
 Types of propeller
 Movement Roll/ Pitch or Yaw
 How it,s work

4. What is propeller
A Propeller is a type of Fan that transmits power by converting Rotational motion into Thrust. A
pressure difference is produced between the forward and rear surfaces of the Airfoil-shaped blade,
and a fluid (such as air or water).
There we have some types
 Propeller's
 Fixed Pitch Propeller
 Constant Speed Propellers
 Ground-Adjustable Propellers

5. Fixed pitch propeller
These propellers are made with the angle (pitch) built into the propeller, it cannot be changed. They are
designed for optimum operation under optimum conditions, meaning aircraft performance will be affected
under varying conditions. Fixed pitch propellers are often seen on single-engine aircraft that fly at low speeds,
with limited range, or altitude.
Constant speed propeller
. Sometimes called a Controllable-Pitch Propeller, these propellers are designed with a variable pitch (angle)
which can be altered in-flight while the propeller is rotating. This means the propeller can be adjusted during
flight to better suit the changing conditions.

6. Ground adjustable propeller
. As the name suggests these propellers are able to be adjusted only while on the ground when the propeller
is not in use. The angle or pitch of the blade is manually altered, these propellers are not often seen in today’s
modern aircraft.

7. Movement of Aircraft
Stability and control are much more complex for an airplane, which can move freely in three
dimensions, than for cars or boats, which only move in two. A change in any one of the three types
of motion affects the other two. ARE ROLL, PITCH, AND YAW. three lines running through an
airplane and intersecting at right angles at the airplane’s center of gravity

8.  The ailerons are used to controll the aircraft is called Roll
 The nose up or down movement is called pitch.
 Rotation around the vertical axis is called yaw.

9. MAINTAINING CONTROL
The Ailerons Control Roll: On the outer rear edge of each wing, the two ailerons move in opposite
directions, up and down, decreasing lift on one wing while increasing it on the other. This causes the
airplane to roll to the left or right. To turn the airplane, the pilot uses the ailerons to tilt the wings in the
desired direction.
The Elevator Controls Pitch: On the horizontal tail surface, the elevator tilts up or down, decreasing or
increasing lift on the tail. This tilts the nose of the airplane up and down.
.

10. The Rudder Controls Yaw: On the vertical tail fin, the rudder swivels from side to side, pushing the
tail in a left or right direction. A pilot usually uses the rudder along with the ailerons to turn the
airplane