lift augmentation devices for education purpose to understand and how its work to avoid the boundary layer separation
thanks to royal air force and air cadets the next generation
Nomenclature and classification of controls in an airplane (slide # 3-4).
Which are the aerodynamic forces acting on airplane (slide # 5).
Working principle of an airplane (slide # 6).
How an airplane flies (basic motions of an airplane) (slide # 7).
How controls play their roles in these motions (slide # 8-22).
Simulate a flight in Cessna Skyhawk (slide # 23-28).
References and Questions & answers (slide # 30).
Nomenclature and classification of controls in an airplane (slide # 3-4).
Which are the aerodynamic forces acting on airplane (slide # 5).
Working principle of an airplane (slide # 6).
How an airplane flies (basic motions of an airplane) (slide # 7).
How controls play their roles in these motions (slide # 8-22).
Simulate a flight in Cessna Skyhawk (slide # 23-28).
References and Questions & answers (slide # 30).
THIS PRESENTATION TAKES OVERVIEW OF AIRCRAFT CABIN PRESSURIZATION. IN THIS I EXPLAINED BASIC SYSTEM USED FOR PRESSURIZATION, AND HOW THIS SYSTEM IS SAFE, PRECISE. AND HOW AIR IS KEPT HEALTHY.
This is the presentation on flow past an airfoil . An airfoil-shaped body moving through a fluid produces an aerodynamic force. The component of this force perpendicular to the direction of motion is called lift. The component parallel to the direction of motion is called drag. Subsonic flight airfoils have a characteristic shape with a rounded leading edge, followed by a sharp trailing edge, often with a symmetric curvature of upper and lower surfaces.
ME438 Aerodynamics is offered by Dr. Bilal Siddiqui to senior mechanical engineeing undergraduates at DHA Suffa University. This lecture set deals with thin airfoil theory.
THIS PRESENTATION TAKES OVERVIEW OF AIRCRAFT CABIN PRESSURIZATION. IN THIS I EXPLAINED BASIC SYSTEM USED FOR PRESSURIZATION, AND HOW THIS SYSTEM IS SAFE, PRECISE. AND HOW AIR IS KEPT HEALTHY.
This is the presentation on flow past an airfoil . An airfoil-shaped body moving through a fluid produces an aerodynamic force. The component of this force perpendicular to the direction of motion is called lift. The component parallel to the direction of motion is called drag. Subsonic flight airfoils have a characteristic shape with a rounded leading edge, followed by a sharp trailing edge, often with a symmetric curvature of upper and lower surfaces.
ME438 Aerodynamics is offered by Dr. Bilal Siddiqui to senior mechanical engineeing undergraduates at DHA Suffa University. This lecture set deals with thin airfoil theory.
In this document of Theory of Flight
we are discussing some topics in detail which are:
Intereference drag
Induced drag
Factors that Affects Induced Drag:
Stabilator
All these topics are discussed in detail hope you like it................
The main determinations which help to reduce accident rate at airport or regarding aircraft during take-off and landing in this presentation & there are some guidelines which pilot should keep in mind.
FIN (GRID) operation in Missile & RocketsR.p. Singh
Grid fins, also known as lattice fins, proposed by Belotzerkovsky et al. They consist of an outer frame which supports an inner lattice of intersecting planar surfaces. Unlike planar fins, grid fins are aligned perpendicular to the flow field to allow the air to pass through the lattice of grid cells. The truss structure formed by the lattice fins is inherently strong, which allows the lattice walls to be extremely thin, reducing the weight and cost.
One of the main advantages of grid fins is that, due to their shorter chord lengths, at higher speeds, they generate lower hinge moments than planar wings requiring smaller actuators to rotate them. Additionally, the smaller chord and cascade-like flow reduces the likelihood of stall at high angles of attack relative to conventional planar fins offering increased control effectiveness. To this point, grid fins have found numerous uses on missiles and other endeavors.
On Landings Part I FAA P-8740-48. This pamphlet includes a complimentary video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ThKEI8ibwM&list=PL1EvWLSzQrXO71Dm-QN_9repsMo7k1Zeg
Up to my knowledge, I collect all information about Indian missiles for the purpose of missile studies and their types to know simple understanding, to get educate their thought.
Mangalyaan india's first MOM at first attempt,
so over view of MOM, and brief explanation of instruments used in payload spacecraft, and phases of orbital transformation
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
Lift augmentation devices ppt
1. SCIENCE OF AERONAUTICS
AND
ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL TECHNICS
Presented by :-
CH. PURUSHOTHAM
Aeronautical Engineering
Lift Augmentation
or
High Lift Devices (Flaps)
Note : Download this file and see the slide show mode (F5)
for the better animation effects to under stand easily
2. Contents
Introduction -- High Lift Systems
Flaps
Trailingedge Devices
1. plainflap
2. split flap
3. Slottedflaps
4. Double-SlottedFowler Flap
5. Triple-slotted Flap
6. Fowlerflap
7. Zapflap
8. Junkersflap
9. Blownflaps
Leading edge Devices
SLATS AND SLOTS
Operation
Lift Augmentation Effects On CL
3. High Lift Systems -- Introduction
A wing designed for efficient high-speed flight is often quite different from one designed solely
for take-off and landing. Take-off and landing distances are strongly influenced by aircraft stalling
speed, with lower stall speeds requiring lower acceleration or deceleration and correspondingly
shorter field lengths. It is always possible to reduce stall speed by increasing wing area, but it is
not desirable to cruise with hundreds of square feet of extra wing area (and the associated weight
and drag), area that is only needed for a few minutes. Since the stalling speed is related to wing
parameters by:
It is also possible to reduce stalling speed by reducing weight, increasing air density, or increasing
wing CLmax . The latter parameter is the most interesting. One can design a wing airfoil that
compromises cruise efficiency to obtain a good CLmax , but it is usually more efficient to include
movable leading and/or trailing edges so that one may obtain good high speed performance while
achieving a high CLmax at take-off and landing. The primary goal of a high lift system is a high
CLmax; however, it may also be desirable to maintain low drag at take-off, or high drag on
approach. It is also necessary to do this with a system that has low weight and high reliability.
This is generally achieved by incorporating some form of trailing edge flap and perhaps a leading
edge device such as a slat.
5. 50% Increase CLMAX Critical Angle 12o
plain flap
The plain flap changes camber to
increase lift, but its effect is limited by
additional flow separation which occurs when it
is deflected. The additional separation occurs
because the upper surface of the deflected flap
experiences a stronger adverse pressure gradient
6. 60% Increase CLMAX Critical Angle 14o
SPLIT FLAP
split flap
The split flap deflects only the underside
of the trailing edge so that, while it creates a great
deal of pressure drag, it avoids the strong adverse
pressure gradient on its upper surface and
therefore keeps the flow attached slightly longer.
This gives the split flap slightly greater lift.
7. 65% Increase CLMAX Critical Angle 16o
SLOTTED FLAP
Slotted flaps
A Slotted flaps have a gap or slot in them
to allow faster-moving air from the lower surface
to flow over the upper surface. The higher-energy
air from the slot gives the boundary layer more
energy to fight the adverse pressure gradient and
delay separation
8. Double-Slotted Fowler Flap
Modern high lift systems are often quite
complex with many elements and multi-bar linkages.
Here is a double-slotted flap system as used on a DC-
8. For some time Douglas resisted the temptation to
use tracks and resorted to such elaborate 4-bar
linkages. The idea was that these would be more
reliable. In practice, it seems both schemes are very
reliable. Current practice has been to simplify the
flap system and double (or even single) slotted
systems are often preferred.
9. Triple-slotted Flap
A type of trailing-edge wing flap used on
some of the larger, high-performance airplanes.
Triple-slotted flaps extend from the trailing edge of a
wing in three sections. The trailing edge of one
section forms a duct with the leading edge of the
section behind it to force air down over the top of the
flap. Triple-slotted flaps prevent the airflow from
separating from the surface of the flap when they are
fully extended.
10. FOWLER FLAP
90% Increase CLMAX Critical Angle 15o
Fowler flap
The Fowler flap moves aft to increase
the wing area before deflecting downward to
increase camber. Fowler flaps usually have
one or more slots to increase their
effectiveness.
11. Zap FLAP
Zap flap
The leading edge of the flap is
mounted on a track, while a point at mid chord
on the flap is connected via an arm to a pivot
just above the track. When the flap's leading
edge moves aft along the track, the triangle
formed by the track, the shaft and the surface
of the flap (fixed at the pivot) gets narrower
and deeper, forcing the flap down.
12. Junkers flap
A slotted plain flap where the flap is
fixed below the trailing edge of the wing, rotating
about its forward edge, and usually part of the
Junkers Doppelflügel, or "double-wing" style of
wing trailing edge control surfaces (including the
ailerons), which hung just below and behind the
wing's fixed trailing edge. When not in use, it has
more drag than other types, but is more effective at
creating additional lift than a plain or split flap,
while retaining their mechanical simplicity.
13. THE BLOWN FLAP
80% Increase CLMAX Critical Angle 16o
Blown flaps
Blown flaps also known as Boundary Layer Control
Systems, are systems that blow engine air over the
upper surface of any of the previously mentioned
types of flap to improve lift characteristics.
Two types exist - the original type blew air out of
channels or holes in the surface of the flap, while
newer systems simply blow engine exhaust over the
top of the flap. These require ample reserves of power
and are maintenance intensive thus limiting their use,
but they provide lots of lift at low airspeeds.
15. SLOTS AND SLATS
Slats: are auxiliary airfoils fitted to the leading edge
of the wing. At high angles of attack, they
automatically move out ahead of the wing. The
angle of attack of the slat being less than that of the
main plane, there is a smooth airflow over the slat
which tends to smooth out the eddies forming over
the wing. Slats are usually fitted to the leading edge
near the wing tips to improve lateral control.
Slots: are passageways built into the wing a short
distance from the leading edge in such a way that, at
high angles of attack, the air flows through the slot
and over the wing, tending to smooth out the
turbulence due to eddies.
16. AUTOMATIC SLAT
70% Increase CLMAX Critical Angle 25o
Automatic Slat
The slat lies flush with the
wing leading edge until reduced
aerodynamic forces allow it to extend by
way of aerodynamics when needed.
Sometimes referred to as Handley-Page
slats
17. Fixed Slat
Fixed Slat
The slat is permanently extended.
This is sometimes used on specialist low-
speed aircraft (these are referred to as slots)
or when simplicity takes precedence over
speed.
18. 40% Increase CLMAX Critical Angle 20o
SLOT
A leading edge slot is a fixed aerodynamic
feature of the wing of some aircraft to
reduce the stall speed and promote good
low-speed handling qualities. A leading
edge slot is a span-wise gap in each wing,
allowing air to flow from below the wing to
its upper surface. In this manner they allow
flight at higher angles of attack and thus
reduce the stall speed.
19. “DROOP SNOOT”
FLAP
50% ? Increase CLMAX Critical Angle 20o
droop or droop nose
A droop or droop nose is a type of high-
lift device found on the wings of some aircraft.
Droops are similar to leading-edge slats, but with
the difference that the entire leading edge section
rotates downwards, whereas a slat is a panel that
moves away from a wing leading edge when it is
deployed.
20. Krueger flaps
Krueger flaps are lift enhancement
devices that may be fitted to the leading edge of an
aircraft wing. Unlike slats or drooped leading
edges, the main wing upper surface and its nose is
not changed. Instead, a portion of the lower wing is
rotated out in front of the main wing leading edge.
KRUGER FLAP
50% Increase CLMAX Critical Angle 25o
•To increase lift at low speed
•Increase camber increase lift
21. Operation
The chord of the slat is typically only a few percent of the
wing chord. The slats may extend over the outer third of the wing, or they
may cover the entire leading edge. Many early aerodynamicists, including
Ludwig Prandtl believed that slats work by inducing a high energy stream to
the flow of the main airfoil thus re-energizing its boundary layer and
delaying stall . In reality, the slat does not give the air in the slot high
velocity (it actually reduces its velocity) and also it cannot be called high-
energy air since all the air outside the actual boundary layers has the same
total heat.
28. EFFECT OF FLAP
Flap Lowered
α
Maintaining the Same Lift
Effective Increase in AoA
To obtain the same CL the Attitude is Lowered
to Reduce the AoA
29. Cl Max
AT STALL: WEIGHT = LIFT = CLMAX ½ρ V2
STALL S
Critical Angle
Without Flap
AoA
CL
EFFECT OF FLAP
30. AT STALL: WEIGHT = LIFT = CLMAX ½ρ V2
STALL S
IF THIS IS THIS IS
CONSTANT
MORE LESS
Critical Angle
With FlapCl Max More
AoA
CL
Nose
lower
at
Stall
Without Flap
Cl Max
EFFECT OF FLAP
36. Adding flaps gives
higher CLmax
CLmax
Anderson, J. D., Introduction to Flight, 4th Edition, page 315
37. Flaps
But, what about Drag?
Flaps 30
o
Flaps 90
o
Flaps 60
o
Flap
30
o
60
o
90
o
Drag
Small Inc
Large Inc
V Large Inc
Lift
Large Inc
Small Inc
No Sig Inc
38. Conclusion
1. Clear understanding the High lift Devices and its operational
working principle
2. Several technology research and development efforts exist to
integrate the functions of flight control systems such
as ailerons, elevators, flaps, and flaperons into wings to perform
the aerodynamic purpose with the advantages of less: mass, cost,
drag, inertia (for faster, stronger control response), complexity
(mechanically simpler, fewer moving parts or surfaces, less
maintenance), and radar cross section for stealth.
39. To invent an airplane is nothing. To
build one is something. But to fly is
everything.
- Otto Lilienthal
Thank you..
SCIENCE OF AERONAUTICS
AND
ENGINEERING EDUCATION TECHNICS