This document discusses proper hand hygiene and its importance. It begins by describing various parasites and diseases spread through contaminated hands, such as hookworms and typhoid fever. It then details the proper techniques for washing hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Key reasons to wash hands include before eating or food preparation, after using the bathroom, and when hands are visibly dirty. Maintaining hand hygiene can significantly reduce the transmission of illnesses.
A simple way to stay healthy
Hand washing doesn't take much time or effort, but it offers great rewards in terms of preventing illness. Resolve today to adopt this simple habit as a way to help protect your health.
this ppt help to student for gainning information regarding the hand hygiene is important in our daily routine, in the health care sector along with the community sector which is use their daily routine patient care. & prevent the cross infection during care of patient, patient's family as were health care person.
A simple way to stay healthy
Hand washing doesn't take much time or effort, but it offers great rewards in terms of preventing illness. Resolve today to adopt this simple habit as a way to help protect your health.
this ppt help to student for gainning information regarding the hand hygiene is important in our daily routine, in the health care sector along with the community sector which is use their daily routine patient care. & prevent the cross infection during care of patient, patient's family as were health care person.
Global Hand washing day is celebrated on 15th October. Experts suggests 80% of noninfectious diseases can be prevented. The important tool for disease prevention is proper hand washing. Ask Health related question for free here: https://eclinic.justforhearts.org/forum
Every year, more than 3.5 million children do not live to celebrate their fifth birthday because of diarrhea and pneumonia.
Handwashing with soap is among the most effective and inexpensive ways to prevent diarrheal diseases and pneumonia,despite its lifesaving potential, handwashing with soap is seldom practiced and not always easy to promote.
Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Welcome to Gboard clipboard, any text you copy will be saved here.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Welcome to Gboard clipboard, any text you copy will be saved here.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Welcome to Gboard clipboard, any text you copy will be saved here.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Welcome to Gboard clipboard, any text you copy will be saved here.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Welcome to Gboard clipboard, any text you copy will be saved here.
Global Hand washing day is celebrated on 15th October. Experts suggests 80% of noninfectious diseases can be prevented. The important tool for disease prevention is proper hand washing. Ask Health related question for free here: https://eclinic.justforhearts.org/forum
Every year, more than 3.5 million children do not live to celebrate their fifth birthday because of diarrhea and pneumonia.
Handwashing with soap is among the most effective and inexpensive ways to prevent diarrheal diseases and pneumonia,despite its lifesaving potential, handwashing with soap is seldom practiced and not always easy to promote.
Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Welcome to Gboard clipboard, any text you copy will be saved here.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Welcome to Gboard clipboard, any text you copy will be saved here.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Welcome to Gboard clipboard, any text you copy will be saved here.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Welcome to Gboard clipboard, any text you copy will be saved here.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Tap on a clip to paste it in the text box.Welcome to Gboard clipboard, any text you copy will be saved here.
Dr Ramesh Srivastava prepared this for education. This is excellent for Cold and Flu season. Very informative. Use it with all your friends and relatives especially school going kids.
V K Batra
Self-Cleanliness for healthy lifestyle, Importance of Nutrition, Benefits of Healthy Meals, Personality development, Disadvantages of Toxins, Basics for happy living.
Hand washing is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of communicable diseases.
Any health-care worker, caregiver or person involved in patient care needs to be concerned about hand hygiene
Therefore hand hygiene concerns you!
You must perform hand hygiene to:
protect the patient against harmful germs carried on your hands or present on his/her own skin
protect yourself and the health-care environment from harmful germs
global hand washing day
steps of Hand washing:
“Hands should be washed before significant contact with any patient and after activities likely to cause contamination.”
FREE next day delivery on orders over £50. Hygiene First is a supplier of high quality first aid supplies. We are suppliers of first aid kits, first aid boxes, biohazard kits and hand sanitisers.
For medical students, especially for early clinical exposure , it will help preclinical medical students. It gives details of about seven case reports in carbohydrate metabolism. MBBS students can use the information for theory exam also.
For medical students , it will help. Especially for preclinical students, as early clinical exposure, it will be very useful. Even for theory exam, it will help.
Extra cellular matrix is recently being explored in connection with cancer , metastases and autoimmune disorders. It is prepared for the benefit of both UG and PG medical and dental students.
Various neurotransmitters, mechanism of action and their physiological functions are explained and is useful for ug and pg students of medicine, neurology, psychiatry branches.
Porphyrias are difficult to diagnose . Here it is comprehensively explained to aid making diagnosis of porphyrias easier for the benefit of medical students and practitioners.
Renal function tests are very useful for effective clinical evaluation of renal failure for effective management. So it is useful for medical and allied professional students and clinical practitioners.
Test for pancreatic and intestinal functions are very important for clinical evaluation gastro intestinal disorders . So it will e useful for medical and allied professional students and practitioners.
Liver function tests and interpretation is a very important topic for students of medical and allied fields. It is essential for efficient practice of clinical and laboratory medicine.
Students of medical and allied subjects must be exposed to the concept of monoclonal antibodies for the efficient practice of clinical and laboratory medicine.
Concepts of acid base balance and its disorders are very important for practice of medicine.It is for the benefit of medical and students of allied fields.
Coronary heart disease due to atherosclerotic process is the major cause of death.Lipids have been implicated for enhanced atherosclerosis. The major lipids involved are triacy glycerol and cholesterol which are transported in the plasma by lipoproteins. So a better understanding of lipid transport and its abnormalities is essential for medical and health professional students.
Water and electrolyte balance is clinically very important topic . It will be very useful for both UG and PG medical students. Efforts are made to explain basic concepts clearly.
It gives basic things regarding urinalysis and will be very useful for medical students, house surgeons, laboratory technicians and postgraduates in medicine.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
6. Hookworm infestation
Symptoms of hookworm infestation are an
enlarged abdomen and diarrhea.
Worms can live up to 15 years in the
human body, and females can lay 10,000
to 25,000 eggs every day.
In severe cases the number of parasites
may grow so large that the intestines
become blocked.
21. Washing hands with soap and
water
o Before, during, and after preparing food
o Before eating food
o Before and after caring for someone who is
sick
o Before and after treating a cut or wound
o After using the toilet
22. Washing hands with soap and
water
o After changing diapers or cleaning up a child
who has used the toilet
o After blowing your nose, coughing, or
sneezing
o After touching an animal, animal feed, or
animal waste
o After handling pet food or pet treats
o After touching garbage
23. Nose, mouth, or eyes to hands
to others:
Germs can spread to the hands by
sneezing, coughing, or rubbing the
eyes and then can be transferred to
other family members or friends.
Simply washing your hands can help
prevent such illnesses as the common
cold or eye infections.
24. Hands to food:
Usually germs are transmitted from
unclean hands to food by an infected food
preparer who didn’t wash his or her hands
after using the toilet.
The germs are then passed to those who
eat the food.
This is easily prevented by always washing
your hands after using the toilet and
before preparing food items.
26. Food to hands to food:
Germs are transmitted from raw foods,
such as chicken, to hands while preparing a
meal.
The germs on the hands are then
transferred to other uncooked foods, such
as salad.
Cooking the raw food kills the initial
germs, but the salad remains
contaminated.
30. Infected child to hands to
other children:
Germs are passed from a child with
diarrhea to the hands of the parent
during diaper changing.
If the parent doesn’t immediately
wash his or her hands, the germs that
cause diarrhea are then passed to
others.
31. Animals to people:
Wash your hands after
petting animals or
touching any surfaces
they come into contact
with.
32. How to wash our hands with soap
and water:
Use soap and warm, running water.
Keep fingers pointing down.
Rub hands vigorously for 20 seconds.Wash all surfaces:
Backs of hands
Wrists
Between fingers
Tips of fingers
Thumbs
Under fingernails
Dry vigorously with paper or clean cloth towel.
Turn off faucet with towel and open door with towel.
33. HOW washing WORKS
The soap suspends the dirt and soils.
The friction motion helps pull dirt and greasy
or oily soils free from the skin.
Warm running water washes away suspended
dirt and soils that trap germs.
Final friction of wiping hands removes more
germs.
34. How to clean our hands with a
alcohol-based handrub:
Apply a dime sized amount of
handrub gel to the palm of one
hand or use a alcohol- based
handrub wipe.
Rub hands together covering all
surfaces of hands and fingers until
handrub is absorbed.
35. How they work:
Act quickly to kill microorganisms
Reduce bacterial counts on hands
Wash your hands with soap and
water when your hands are visibly
soiled.
If soap and water is not available, use
alcohol-based handrub (wipes or
gel).
36. Virus can be transferred from dry
smooth surface up to 20 minutes after
being contaminated.
Some viruses can travel on droplets
through the air.
E. coli, salmonella and other bacteria can
live up to two hours on surfaces like
doorknobs, keyboards, and tables.
37. Bacteria doubles every 20 minutes.
Five bacteria in a sandwich at 12:00
noon will total over 10 million by 7
pm.
Microorganisms can build up
resistance to drugs (antibiotic
resistance) intended to kill them.
Hot water will not kill bacteria—only
temperatures over 140 degrees can
kill them.
38. Sources of Germs
229,000 germs per square inch on
frequently used faucet handles
21,000 germs per square inch on
work desks
1,500 on each square centimeter
of hands
39. High on the worst hiding places
list:
Work desk
Kitchen sink is worse than bathroom
Dishcloth, sponge
Garbage can
Refrigerator
Bathroom doorknob
Keyboards
Escalator handrails
41. Benefit of hand hygiene
24% fewer colds and 51% less stomach
upset.
In daycare, the kids must wash their hands
every morning when they arrive..
All the area parents may have touched
,must be disinfected.
Result was 50% fewer illnesses at daycare.
42. Benefits of proper hand wash
Reduces the number of people who
get sick with diarrhea by 31%
Reduces diarrheal illness in people
with weakened immune systems by
58%
Reduces respiratory illnesses, like
colds, in the general population by
21%
43. Saving Time and Money
Hand washing avoids getting sick and
spreading illness to others.
Increases productivity due to Less
time spent at the doctor’s office
More time spent at work or school
44. Take home message
Compulsory Hand wash before
eating, food preparation, after
toilet usage
Follow proper hand wash
technique
Promote proper hand wash
among others and children