A simple way to stay healthy
Hand washing doesn't take much time or effort, but it offers great rewards in terms of preventing illness. Resolve today to adopt this simple habit as a way to help protect your health.
Hand washing, also known as hand hygiene, is the act of cleaning hands for the purpose of removing soil, dirt, and microorganisms. If water and soap is not available, hands can be cleaned with ash instead. Medical hand hygiene refers to hygiene practices related to medical procedures.
A simple way to stay healthy
Hand washing doesn't take much time or effort, but it offers great rewards in terms of preventing illness. Resolve today to adopt this simple habit as a way to help protect your health.
Hand washing, also known as hand hygiene, is the act of cleaning hands for the purpose of removing soil, dirt, and microorganisms. If water and soap is not available, hands can be cleaned with ash instead. Medical hand hygiene refers to hygiene practices related to medical procedures.
this ppt help to student for gainning information regarding the hand hygiene is important in our daily routine, in the health care sector along with the community sector which is use their daily routine patient care. & prevent the cross infection during care of patient, patient's family as were health care person.
Hand Hygiene: WHO guidelines for hand hygiene-( know the medical facts ) martinshaji
OCT 15- world hand hygiene day
A range of strategies for hand hygiene promotion and improvement have been proposed, and the WHO First.
please comment
thank you...
Research shows that washing hands with soap and water could reduce deaths from diarrheal disease by up to 50%. Researchers estimate that if everyone routinely washed their hands, 1 million deaths a year could be prevented. A large percentage of foodborne disease outbreaks are spread by contaminated hands
Global Hand washing day is celebrated on 15th October. Experts suggests 80% of noninfectious diseases can be prevented. The important tool for disease prevention is proper hand washing. Ask Health related question for free here: https://eclinic.justforhearts.org/forum
this ppt help to student for gainning information regarding the hand hygiene is important in our daily routine, in the health care sector along with the community sector which is use their daily routine patient care. & prevent the cross infection during care of patient, patient's family as were health care person.
Hand Hygiene: WHO guidelines for hand hygiene-( know the medical facts ) martinshaji
OCT 15- world hand hygiene day
A range of strategies for hand hygiene promotion and improvement have been proposed, and the WHO First.
please comment
thank you...
Research shows that washing hands with soap and water could reduce deaths from diarrheal disease by up to 50%. Researchers estimate that if everyone routinely washed their hands, 1 million deaths a year could be prevented. A large percentage of foodborne disease outbreaks are spread by contaminated hands
Global Hand washing day is celebrated on 15th October. Experts suggests 80% of noninfectious diseases can be prevented. The important tool for disease prevention is proper hand washing. Ask Health related question for free here: https://eclinic.justforhearts.org/forum
Every year, more than 3.5 million children do not live to celebrate their fifth birthday because of diarrhea and pneumonia.
Handwashing with soap is among the most effective and inexpensive ways to prevent diarrheal diseases and pneumonia,despite its lifesaving potential, handwashing with soap is seldom practiced and not always easy to promote.
This information sheet gives an overview of how to maintain a good and quality hand hygiene procedure. It is also followed with recommendations on which product to use.
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Introduction of hand washing, definition of hand washing, purposes of hand washing, indication of hand washing, important of hand washing,when to hand washing and why to hand washing,hand washing procedure, types, equipment, steps,5moments with examples,how to hand rubbing with duration,when to hand rubbing, strageies of hand hygiene and conclusions of hand washing.
This Manual of Procedures (MOP) was developed to assist and align the efforts in implementing AMS programs in all (Level I, II, and III) hospitals across the country. It seeks to serve as a guide to individual hospitals in the design and establishment of local AMS programs while providing a framework for national-level action and commitment.
Recommendations within this document are, as far as possible, based on review of published literature on strategies that have shown to be effective. Consultation with key members (Infectious Diseases physicians, clinical pharmacists, and Infection Control nurses) from eight (8) pilot hospitals as well as the National Antibiotic Guidelines Committee (NAGCom), other national Infectious Diseases societies and relevant DOH offices were undertaken to obtain a consensus opinion and ensure that this MOP is practical and feasible.
All attempts to consider the context of local culture and practices have been taken in the creation of this MOP. Nonetheless, we have chosen to only define core aspects of the national AMS program without being overly prescriptive. Hospitals are strongly encouraged to adapt this MOP to their individual setting in order to maximize its effectiveness, including reduce barriers to implementation and encourage shared ownership towards the goal of AMS.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
4. HISTORY OF HANDWASHING
A French Pharmacist
demonstrated that solutions
containing chloride of lime or soda
could eradicate the foul odor
associated with human corpses
and be used as disinfectants and
antiseptics
1822
5. HISTORY OF HANDWASHING
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis insisted
that physicians cleanse their hands
with chlorine solution between
patients. Thereafter, the maternal
mortality rate in the First Clinic
dropped dramatically.
(CDC, 2002)
1846
6. HISTORY OF HANDWASHING
The U.S. Public Health Service
recommendations directed personnel to
wash their hands with soap and water for
1 to 2 minutes before and after patient
contact. Rinsing hands with an antiseptic agent
was believed to be less effective than hand
washing with plain soap and
was recommended only in emergencies or in
areas where sinks were not available.
1961
7. HISTORY OF HANDWASHING
Guidelines on hand washing practices in
hospitals were published by CDC. They recommended
hand washing with plain soap between patients and
washing with antimicrobial products
before and after performing invasive procedures.
Waterless antiseptic agents such as alcohol-based
solutions were recommended only in situations
where sinks were not available.
1975 & 1985
8. HISTORY OF HANDWASHING
Guidelines similar to those of the CDC were
published by the Association for
Professionals in Infection Control (APIC,
2010). The 1995 APIC guidelines included
discussion of alcohol-based hand rubs and
supported their use in more clinical settings
than had been recommended earlier.
1988 & 1995
9. HISTORY OF HANDWASHING
Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory
Committee (HICPAC) recommended that upon
leaving the rooms of patients with multi-drug
resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), caregivers use
either antimicrobial soap or a waterless
antiseptic agent to cleanse their hands. These
guidelines also recommended hand washing and
hand antisepsis for routine patient care.
1995 & 1996
10. HISTORY OF HANDWASHING
Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care
Settings was published as the
recommendations of the Healthcare
Infection Control Practices Advisory
Committee and the
HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene
Task Force. In 2010, the 2002 Guideline
continued to be available on the CDC
website (CDC, 2002).
2002
11. HISTORY OF HANDWASHING
World Health Organization (WHO) reaffirmed
the recommendation to wash hands with soap and
water when visibly dirty, soiled with blood or other
body fluids, or exposed to potential spore-forming
pathogens, such as Clostridium difficile.
When hands are not visibly soiled, the WHO
recommended the use of alcohol-based hand rubs
as the preferred means for routine
hand antisepsis
2009 (WHO, 2009)
12. HISTORY OF HANDWASHING
Although the guidelines of all these healthcare
organizations have been adopted by the majority
of hospitals, adherence by healthcare providers to
recommended hand washing protocols remains
low. For this reason, various professional groups
have undertaken studies to identify factors that
improve adherence to hand hygiene protocols.
2011
13. Categories of skin flora
Resident Flora Transient Flora
Deep seated Superficial
Difficult to
remove
Transferred with
ease to and from
hands
Part of the
body’s natural
defense
mechanism
Deactivated
through Hygienic
hand disinfection
18. HAND HYGIENE PRODUCTS
IODINE AND
IODOPHORS
Iodine and iodophors have bactericidal activity against
gram-positive, gram-negative, and certain spore-forming
bacteria (e.g., clostridia, Bacillus spp.) and are active
against mycobacteria, viruses, and fungi. However, in
concentrations used in antiseptics, iodophors are not
usually sporicidal. The majority of iodophor preparations
used for hand hygiene contain 7.5%–10% povidone-
iodine.
QUATERNARY
AMMONIUM
COMPOUNDS
are primarily bacteriostatic and fungistatic, although at
high concentrations they are microbicidal against certain
organisms; they are more active against gram-positive
bacilli than gram-negative bacilli. Quaternary ammonium
compounds have relatively weak activity against
mycobacteria and fungi and have greater activity against
lipophilic viruses.
21. • Webs of fingers
• Thumbs
• Palms
• Nails
• Backs of fingers &
hands
• Wrists
Missed Spots in Washing Hands
22. Running Water Soap
Towel
Paper TowelLiquid
Soap Sanitizer
WASTE BIN
Sink
Palm to palm Back of hands Between fingers Back of fingers
Base of thumbs Fingernails Wrists Rinse & wipe dry
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
23. 1. Remove hand /wrist
jewelries, watch
2. Keep your
nails short
X 3. Avoid nail polish
and artificial nails
31. 6) Rotational rubbing, backwards
and forwards with clasped fingers
of right hand in left palm & vice versa
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37. SURGICAL HAND PREPARATION TECHNIQUE
WITH AN ALCOHOL-BASED HANDRUB
The hand rubbing technique for surgical hand preparation
must be performed on perfectly clean, dry hands.
On arrival in operating room and after having donned
OR clothing (cap/bonnet and mask), hands must be wash
with soap and water.
After the operation, when removing gloves, hands must be
rubbed with an alcohol-based formulation or washed with
soap and water if any residual talc or biological fluids are
present.
38. SURGICAL HAND PREPARATION TECHNIQUE
WITH AN ALCOHOL-BASED HANDRUB
Put approximately 5ml (3 doses) of
alcohol-based handrub in the palm
of left hand, using the elbow of
your other arm to operate the
dispenser.
Dip the fingertips of your right
hand in the handrub to
decontaminate under the nails
(5 seconds)
39. SURGICAL HAND PREPARATION TECHNIQUE
WITH AN ALCOHOL-BASED HANDRUB
Image 3-7: Smear the handrub on
the right forearm up to the
elbow. Ensure that the whole
skin area is covered by using
circular movements around the
forearm until the handrub have
fully evaporated (10-15 seconds)
40. SURGICAL HAND PREPARATION TECHNIQUE
WITH AN ALCOHOL-BASED HANDRUB
Put approximately 5ml (3 doses) of
alcohol-based handrub in the palm
of right hand, using the elbow of
your other arm to operate the
dispenser.
Dip the fingertips of your left
hand in the handrub to
decontaminate under the nails
(5 seconds)
41. SURGICAL HAND PREPARATION TECHNIQUE
WITH AN ALCOHOL-BASED HANDRUB
Smear the handrub on the left forearm up to the elbow.
Ensure that the whole skin area is covered by using circular
movements around the forearm until the handrub have fully
evaporated (10-15 seconds)
42. SURGICAL HAND PREPARATION TECHNIQUE
WITH AN ALCOHOL-BASED HANDRUB
Put approximately 5ml (3 doses) of alcohol-based handrub in the
palm of left hand, using the elbow of your other arm to operate
the dispenser. Rub both hands at same time up to the wrist, and
ensure that all the steps represented in images 12-17 are
followed (20-30 seconds)
43. SURGICAL HAND PREPARATION TECHNIQUE
WITH AN ALCOHOL-BASED HANDRUB
Cover the whole
surface of the hands
up to the wrist with
alcohol-based
handrub, rubbing palm
against palm with a
rotating movement.
Rub the back of the
left hand, including
the wrist, moving
the right palm back
and forth and vice-
versa
Rub palm against
palm back and
forth with fingers
interlinked
44. SURGICAL HAND PREPARATION TECHNIQUE
WITH AN ALCOHOL-BASED HANDRUB
Rub the back of the
fingers by holding
them in the plm of the
other hand with a
sideways back and
forth movement.
Rub the thumb of
the left hand by
rotaing it in clasped
palm of the right
hand and vice-versa
When the hands
are dry, sterile
surgical clothing
and gloves can be
donned.
Repeat the illustrated sequence (average duration-60sec.) according to the
number of times corresponding to the total duration recommended by the
manufacturer for surgical hand preparation with an alcohol- based handrub.
46. BARRIERS TO HAND HYGIENE
• Inaccessible hand hygiene supplies
• Skin irritation caused by hand hygiene agents
• Hand washing and hygiene products thought to be harmful to the
skin
• Priority of care (the patient’s need takes priority over hand
hygiene)
• Lack of knowledge of the guidelines
• Lack of feedback to encourage compliance
• Insufficient time for hand hygiene
• Forgetfulness
• High workload and understaffing
• Lack of scientific information about healthcare-related infection
rates
47. CULTURE OF CARE TO PRACTICE HAND HYGIENE
• Provide written guidelines for all healthcare
providers
• Introduce and demonstrate hand hygiene protocols
to all caregivers
• Encourage leaders to model and support antiseptic
hand hygiene practice
• Monitor and give feedback to all healthcare
providers, including physicians, nursing care
providers, food service personnel, laboratory
technicians, pharmacists, and therapists