5. Definition
Guidance is a process of helping young person learn to
adjust to self ,to others and circumstances
(skinner )
Guidance is the help given by one person to another
person in making choices and adjustment and in
solving problem
( jones)
6. Objectives of guidance
To help the individual in the task of making right
educational choices
To help them in their proper educational adjustment
To help in the task of reducing wastage and stagnation in
education
To help educational and occupational objectiveness
7. To improve person potentialities
To enhance forward looking attitude in an
individual
To help each individual to meet and solve his
/here problem as they arise
8. Areas / types of guidance
Educational guidance
Vocational guidance
Social guidance
Personal guidance
Avocational guidance
Health guidance
Financial guidance
9. Educational guidance
educational guidance help the students to get
maximum benefit out of education and solve their
problem related to education
eg choose of appropriate study
foster creativity ,note making , time table
10. Vocational guidance
vocational guidance is the assistance provided
for selection of a vocation and preparing for the
same
Eg enabling student to acquire information
about career opportunities
career growth and training facilities
11. Personal guidance
Personal guidance refers to the guidance offered to
students enabling them to adjust themselves to their
environment , so that they become efficient citizen
eg it help to solve their problem
severe competition and irrational expectation from
the parents also leads to personal problem
12. Social guidance
social guidance enables the students to
make substantial contribution to the society
Eg develop healthy and positive attitude
towards the society
13. Avocational guidance
avocational guidance is the assistance to be
provided to student to spend their valuable
leisure time profitability
Eg activities and programme outside the
formal classroom
14. Health guidance
health guidance implies the assistance
rendered to student for maintaining sound
health
eg take steps necessary for ensuring good
health
15. Financial guidance
function of financial guidance is to help the
needy student in determining the financial
assistance to their need
Eg scholarship /grants
17. Definition
Counselling is essential a process in which the counsellor
assists the counselee to make interpretation of facts relating
to a choice , plan or adjustment which he need to make
(Glenn F. Smith )
Counselling is a series of direct contact with the individual
which aims to offer him assistance in changing his attitude
and behaviour ( carl rogers )
19. phase (1) Establishing relationship
• introduce your self
• Listen attentively and remember the client name
• Always address the individual by his /her preferred
name
• Ensure physical comfort
• Do not interrupt the individual while he/she talk
• Observe non verbal communication
20. phase 2 Assessment
• Encouraged to talk about their problem
• Counsellor asks or collect the information
• Seeks his views ,observe and help the counselee to clarify to
state the problem
• in this phase the counsellor require specific skill such as
observation , skill in the enquiry, making association among
facts , recording etc.
21. phase 3 Setting goal
• It help to provide direction to the individual and
counsellor
• Goal setting cooperatively done by both counselee and
counsellor
• Setting goal may be two types
• Immediate goal setting
• Ultimate goal setting
22. Phase 4 Intervention
Intervention used will depend upon the approach used by
the counsellor and counselee.
Counsellor should be ready to change the goal if the
intervention is not working
23. phase 5 Termination and follow up
The successful termination of the counselling process
depend upon the planned activities followed in each phase .
it must be done without destroying the accomplishment.
follow up appointment also be fixed for same time
24. Assumption of guidance and counselling
1. This call for the adoption of appropriate approaches for guiding
student in their different activities and understanding
individual difference
2. Guidance and counselling is learning process(learn his own
abilities ,interest ,skill ,attitude to appropriate situation )
25. 3 Guidance and counselling service should not be
thrust upon any student much against his will. He
must voluntarily for them seek
4 Guidance and counselling aim at helping the student to
make proper and satisfactory adjustment for improve
academic pursuit
26. Principles of guidance and counselling
Guidance and counselling unique to individual
Guidance and counselling is concerned with the total
individual
Guidance and counselling Is always goal oriented and goal
directed
counselling is professional activity
Guidance and counselling should be based on the thorough
knowledge of student
27. Guidance and counselling not specific to any state of
development
Guidance and counselling is meant for all those who need
help
Guidance and counselling is a continuous process
Guidance and counselling reliable data
Guidance and counselling should have flexible approach
28. Elements of counselling
Counsellor -
it is the professionally trained person who
can assist / help the counselee
Counselee
a person who seek help / need assistance
29. Skill required for effective counselling
Active responding
Identification
Questioning
Criticism
Advice
30. Types of counselling approach /
technique
Directive counselling or counsellor centred counselling
The counsellor is active and direct the individual for
making decision and finding solution to problem . The
counsellor does not force the individual ,but direct the
thinking of counselee by informing ,explaining
31. Nondirective or client centred counselling
counselee is guided to use his own inner resources to
solve the problem .counselee play a predominant role
Eclectic counselling
the strategies arises out of the appropriate knowledge of
individual behaviour and a combination of directive and
other approaches
32. Other types of counselling
Based on the length of counselling
• Short term counselling
• Long term counselling
Based on the number of counselee
• Individual counselling
• Group counselling
33. Based on the education and professional
• Student counselling
• Educational counselling
• Vocational counselling
• Placement counselling
34. Health related counselling
• Psychotherapeutic counselling
• Crisis counselling
• Health counselling
• Genetic counselling
35. Counselling for personal /social purposes
• Personal counselling
• Marriage counselling
• Motivational counselling
• Development counselling
36. Difference between guidance and counselling
Guidance Counselling
Broad and comprehensive Depth and narrow
It is organised service Specialized and organised service
It is preventive Preventive and therapeutic
Any person can give guidance Given by trained person
Given in normal setup Given by specialized setup
Decision making is intellectual
level
Emotional rather than intellectual
It is not a profession It has gained profession
No need detailed study Need individual totality of life
37. Need of guidance and counselling in nursing
education
To help student adjusting with the new environment of nursing
institute
To help the developing qualities requested for a successful for
a nursing
To help the students in getting adjusted with the clinical
environment
38. To help the students in establishing proper identity
To help them to make positive attitude
To help the overcome period of confusion
To help the students keeping in touch with latest trends
in nursing
To help the students in developing positive learning
habits . especially skill learning
39. To help student in developing leadership qualities
To motivate them to make membership in professional
organization
To Help them to proper selection of carrier
To Motivate them for higher studies
To help in development of appropriate coping strategies
To carryout responsibilities in health care team member
Help them to proper selection of carrier
40. Scope of guidance and counselling in education
Guidance and counselling for personal needs or problem
Physical ,emotional , social ,moral and marital problem
Career development
Educational needs / problem
Vocational ,occupational, and professional needs
Holistic individual development
Situational problem
41. Problem in counselling and guidance
Scarcity of qualified and competent counsellor
Lack of awareness about needs and resources of
counselling
Resistance to counselling
Minimal procounselling environment
Lack of counselling training for nurse / nursing faculty
Counselling individual from different culture
42. Counselling individual with strong emotion
Lack of interest and initiatives of counsellor for
counselling service
Poor organizational setup for service
Poor counsellor –counselee ratio
Counsellor bourn out
Ethical and moral issue(confidentiality)
Lack of fund for counselling service
44. Types or forms of the organization of
counselling services in educational institution
45. 1.Centralization services : (the entire responsibility of
guidance and counselling services is vested upon a group
of trained personal of the department of guidance and
counselling )
2. Decentralization counselling services :
the responsibility of counselling service is vested
upon teachers )
46. 3. Combination of centralized and decentralized
counselling service (in this mixed form ,guidance and
counselling services are provided by teachers and expert
committee collectively .)
47. Purpose of organization of counselling services
To help the individual with normal developmental
problem
To help individual through a temporary crisis during
the different stages of life
To identify signs of disturbed behaviour at early stage
48. To refer critical cases to specialities for best possible
management
To facilitate communication within and between nursing
institution and homes
To support not only faculty members who are helping the
individual but also who themselves want guidance and
reassurance
49. Services /ingredient of guidance and
counselling services
1. Admission services : admitting the right
candidate for the right course , selecting
those candidate most likely )
2. The orientation services : (welcome
services as it is concerned with welcoming
fresher's to the world of nursing )
50. 3.The student information: assist the student to
obtained a realistic picture of his abilities, interest,
personalities, characteristics ,achievement ,level of
aspiration ,state of health ,etc.
4.Information services :information provide
related to education, occupation and social
(maladjustment problem to job ,education )
5 . The counselling services :understand what he
can do and what he should do ,handles his
difficulties in a rational way ,make his own
decision etc.
51. 6 . Placement services :help the student to be in
proper scholastic track , to realize their career
expectation , organize the campus selection
interviews ,provide information regarding current
trends ,etc.
7. The remedial services : it Is mainly oriented
towards the helping student to improve their study
habit , improve their adjustment in the clinical
area , reducing stress etc.
8 . The following services ; it is the systematic or
review evaluation which is carried out to find out
whether guidance services in particular and
educational programme in general satisfies the
need of the student
52. How to organise the counselling by a counsellor
Arrange the orientation programmes for the other support
staff to enlist their cooperation
Prepare up to date list of resources ,information, referral
and energy available to him
Organize the guidance committee
Set up an occupational and educational information centre
Display the information collected in attractive way
Arrange talk by expert from different field
Organize the career days ,career weeks parents day and so
on
53. Educate student regarding proper study habit and assist
them in their development
Arrange individual discussion with the students $ their
parents for giving educational and occupational information
Arrange visit to place of work like industries ,officers ,
higher education institution and important educational
places
Maintain active relation with school college and ,college,
universities
Maintain active liaison with club like lion club ,rotary club
54. Refer serious mental cases to clinical psychologist Or
psychiatrist
Maintain complete secrecy of the discussion between
him and the parents
Administer psychological test
Provide counselling service to students
Help in the student placement
57. 1 . Organizational set up
1 .for Constituent college on campus
A counselling officer assisted by the guidance committee
can plan the programme according their needs and
implement the same with the cooperation of deputy
chief and academic adviser
( if < 1000 student ,need a liaison officer )
(>1000 student is need an assistant counselling officer/
senior may be appointed to assist the counselling officer)
58. For affiliated colleges
if >1000 student -counselling officer assisted by guidance
committee and
If <1000 student implement the activities by liaison officer
At universities
deans are assisted by head of department of psychology and
education guidance committee.
counselling officer can plan the programme and implement
the activities
59. 2 .counselling centre
all universities and large college should have a counselling
centre headed by a trained professional , i.e,counselling
officer with PhD or master degree in psychology and
counselling , with considerable experience . It perform
following function
• Selection ,registration and orientation of student
• Educational and vocational counselling programme
60. • Personal adjustment counselling
• Arranging personality counselling
• Identification of student problem
• Residence and food services
• Activities programme
• Plan tour –(visit research institution , professional college)
• Starting cumulative record for student
61. (3) Members of counselling committee
Administrator
Principal
Counselling officer /liaison officer
Deputy chief of counselling section
Counselling personal/counsellor
Vocational guidance officer
Teacher /faculty from different department / specialities
Hostel warden / librarian
Student representative
Parents
62. (4) Tool for counselling
1. NON
TESTING
TOOL
2.
PSYCHOLOGI
CAL TEST
63. 1 NON TESTING TOOL
Observation (careful watching or monitoring of the counselee
by counsellor )
Anecdotal record (it consist of recording an important incident
that happened and carefully recorded )
Cumulative record (providing meaningful , significant and
comprehensive information about an individual ,over a year )
Interview ( it is the interaction between counselee and
counsellor with definite objective in mind)
64. Checklist ( to identify the specific attributes or skill of
particular expected behaviour in student )
Rating scale (to assess the degree and extent of
performance of the particular task or trait )
Sociometry (it is used to assess the sociability or social
distance between the student or member of group )
Audio biography and library (it may also provide useful
information about the student )
65. 2 Psychological test
Personality test
Aptitude test
Achievement test (cooperative test )
Interest or inventory test
Study habit
66. (5) Specific requirement for the organization of
counselling services
Presence of physical facilities , I e room ,furniture and other
equipment
Provide private office
trained counsellor and guidance personale
Planned programme to meet objectives
Consultation services
Evaluation instrument (psychological test
67. Student data bank
educational and vocational information service
Educational programmes for teachers , counsellor and other
personale to provide knowledge of currant trends in
guidance
69. Organization and coordination of Guidance and
counselling is depend upon school level , size of the
school , student need ,community interest , and
budgetary provision are some of the factor that
determine the nature of the guidance and counselling
in any situation
70. Guidance at elementary school level
Elementary school level is the crucial years of child. that
a child self concept develop at this stage
Early guidance of the child help him to adjust new situation
and develop the ability to face problem and resolve them
Early assistance towards the adjustment can help
development of mental health of the pupil
71. Child is flexible in his early years and any problem of the
child has less time to become deep –rooted to resist
modification
Children are both similar and different
72. Guidance at the secondary school level
Pupil enters the secondary school after 10th years of age
Their physical and motor development is completed
Emotional ,social ,mental and moral development take
place in the in this period
Pupil enters to the crucial period of adolescents .so may
chance for emotional problem
73. Guidance worker can help the pupil gain insight in to his
problem and help resolve them ,which if neglected
could assume tremendous proportion develop about
vocational consciousness , occupational interest and
related goal
Guidance and counselling help to reduce frustrations
74. Counselling the elementary school chid
It help them to solve their learning problem
Making school level enjoyable and engaging
Major aim of counselling prevent emotional breakdown
Counselling help to develop healthy child
75. Counselling at high school level (secondary )
Counselling help to gain insight
It help to choose the next level of education
Counselling and guidance help to achieve
desirable level of academic success
Develop special interest and talent outside
the academic field
76. Counselling at college
It help the students to meeting adult responsibility
It help to overcome academic and social
deficiencies
77. Journal presentation
Kathryan m and wendy a conducted research study among
adolescent abut “adolescent peer counselling enhancing the
natural conversational helping skill of young people ” this
study published in Australian journal of guidance and
counselling in 2007 . The study concluded that counselling
training programme were helpful ,the finding of the study
have important implication with regard to training
adolescents
78. Joseph ojo conducted research study “ effect of career
guidance and career counselling technique on student
vocational maturity among secondary school adolescents in
Nigeria ” this study was quasi experimental study .3
programme that conducted in different school . (1) career
guidance technique in school A(cgt), (2)career counselling
technique in school B (cct) and (3) career development
inventory in school C with pre test and post test.
79. The study concluded that career counselling technique
improve the vocational maturity than career guidance
technique .both are helpful for student so these
programme should be compulsory included in all
secondary school in EKITI state
80. BIBLIGRAPHY
Book reference
sudha r .nursing education principle and concept , jaypee
publication in new Delhi ,first edition
Sreevani .psychology for nurses , jaypee brothers publication
(p)ltd new Delhi ,2nd edition
Neeraja kp ,text book of communication and education
technology for nurses ,jaypee brothers medical publishers
new Delhi ,first edition
81. Net reference
https ;//www.slideshare net dryayeshpatil
https;//www.slideshare.net /babithadevu
https;//www.sladeshare .net /shivajdangh
Journal reference
Australian journal of guidance and counselling
Editor's Notes
Circumstances - any situation
Potentiality – ability of person
Arise – starting
Vocation - job
Substantial contribution – strong
Avocation – it is one of the activity but other than the study or vocation like tour
Make better health through guidance
Meaning is open ended , face to face problem solving situation
Seek look
Ultimate goal –end of solving the problem
Accomplishment – win or satisfaction
Assumption –assume
Thrust -- forceful action
Pursuit – activity
Scarcity –lack of
Procounselling –lack of counselling environment for counselling
Counsellor bourn out– excessive or prolonged stress
Vested –power
Temporary crisis may be temporary adjustment problem
Ingredient – elements of something
Liaison –close bonding
Constituent college means ----college under university
Liaison officer --- a person who employed to form a working relation between two organization (college and university )
Affiliated college ---college operate undependably (by some authority )
Deans –a person with significantly authority over a specific academic unit )
Elementary school --- 4- 11 years of age (1- 7 th class )
