The document discusses guidance and counseling in education. It defines guidance as a process that helps individuals solve problems and pursue a path suited to their abilities and ambitions. Counseling is discussed as a method to help clients solve problems through discussion of emotional issues. The document outlines the need, principles, types, and techniques of guidance and counseling in assisting students' development.

1. •GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING

2. INTRODUCTION
• GUIDANCE IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE EDUCATIONAL
PROCESS. IT IS A PROGRAM OF SERVICES DESIGNED TO ASSIST
STUDENTS IN DEVELOPING A POSITIVE SELF CONCEPT ,
EFFECTIVE RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHERS, PROBLEM SOLVING
SKILLS THAT IS NECESSARY TO FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY IN ANY
ACADEMIC PROGRAM OR TO LIVE IN SOCIETY AND AN
UNDERSTANDING OF CURRENT AND POTENTIAL EDUCATIONAL
OR CARRIER ALTERNATIVE.

3. DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE:-
GUIDANCE IS PROCESS THROUGH
WHICH INDIVIDUAL IS ABLE TO SOLVE
THE PROBLEM AND PURSUIT A PATH
SUITED TO THEIR ABILITY AND
AMBITION.

4. MEANING OF GUIDANCE:-
 IT IS DESIGN TO ASSIST A PERSON IN
DECIDING WHERE HE WANTS TO GO, WHAT
HE WANT TO DO , HOW HE CAN BEST
COMPLETE HIS PURPOSE
 GUIDANCE IS A EDUCATIONAL AND
VOCATIONAL

5. CHARACTERISTIC OF GUIDANCE
 GUIDANCE IS AN INDIVIDUALIZED EDUCATION
 GUIDANCE COVERS THE WHOLE AREA OF INDIVIDUAL
PROBLEMS
 GUIDANCE PROMOTS THE GROWTH OF AN INDIVIDUAL
IN SELF DIRECTION
 IT IS A PROCESS OF ASSISTING TO ADJUST
 GUIDANCE IS A SERVICE MEANT FOR ALL

6. PRINCIPLE OF GUIDANCE:-
 THE DIGNITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL IS
SUPREME
 EACH INDIVIDUAL IS DIFFERENT FROM
EVERY OTHER INDIVIDUAL
 PRIMARY CONCERN OF GUIDANCE IS THE
INDIVIDUAL, IN HIS SOCIAL SETTING

7. TYPES OF GUIDANCE
 PERSONAL GUIDANCE
 EDUCATIONAL GUIDANCE
 VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
 SOCIAL GUIDANCE
 AVOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
 HEALTH GUIDANCE
•

8. PURPOSE OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING:-
 HELP THE STUDENTS IN MAKING APPROPRIATE ADJUSTMENT TO
THE ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL WORLD, IN
THE HOME AND IN THE COMMUNITY
 PROFESSIONAL AND INDIVIDUALIZED ADJUSTMENT IN THE
CURRENT SITUATION.
 IDENTIFY THE INDIVIDUAL STUDENT PROBLEM AND EXPLORE
THE DIFFERENT AREAS OF SOLUTION OF THAT PROBLEMS WITH
THE STUDENTS

9. SCOPE OF GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING:-
 JOB PLACEMENT
 IMPROVEMENT OF STUDY SKILLS
 MAINTENANCE OF MENTAL HEALTH
 PERSONAL ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS
 EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS

10. NEED FOR GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING:-
1. COMPLEX NATURE OF SOCIETY:-
• CHANGE HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE OF OUR
ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SYSTEM. THE PROCESS OF
CONSUMPTION, PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, EXCHANGE HAS
BECOME VERY DIFFICULT FOR AN INDIVIDUAL TO ACHIEVE
SATISFACTORY WITHOUT THE ADD OF GUIDANCE
1. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE:-
• THE ABILITY, INTEREST, ACHIEVEMENT, PERSONALITY TRAITS AND
ATTITUDE OF EVERY INDIVIDUAL IS DIFFERENT. THE REQUIREMENT
OF VARIOUS OCCUPATION IS ALSO DIFFER, THIS MAKE INCREASINGLY
NECESSARY TO HAVE A DEFINITE PROVISION FOR CERTAIN FORMS OF
GUIDANCE

11. 3. WELFARE OF INDIVIDUALAND SOCIETY:-
• TO PROVIDE BETTER SCOPE, FOR THE INDIVIDUAL TO IMPROVE AND
EXPRESS HIMSELF AS AN ABLE PERSON HAVE BEEN FLOURISHED.
THROUGH GUIDANCE SERVICES THE INDIVIDUAL IS AIDED IN SELF
DEVELOPMENT AND SELF REALIZATION AND A WIDE RISE OF
HUMAN RESOURCES IS MADE.
4.CHANGED INDUSTRIALAND EDUCATIONAL PATTERN OF THE
COUNTRY :-
• THE PROBLEM OF SELECTION OF SUBJECTS AND VOCATIONS OF
FORMIDABLE PROBLEM, THE EDUCATION AND INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM,
ETC. IN THE ABSENCE OF THE GUIDANCE SERVICE WILL NOT
PROGRESS SATISFACTORY

12. 5.ACADEMIC GROWTH:-
• DEVELOPMENT OF ABILITIES AND SKILLS CONSISTENT WITH VARYING CAPACITIES OF THE
INDIVIDUAL AND REMOVAL OF SUBJECT MATTER DIFFICULTIES.
6.VOCATIONAL MATURITY:-
• DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SKILLS AND RIGHT ATTITUDE TOWARDS WORK.
7.PERSONALAND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT:-
SELF UNDERSTANDING AND PROPER ADJUSTMENT TO SELF AND SOCIETY GUIDANCE IS ALSO
REQUIRED FOR BETTER FAMILY LIFE, RIGHT ATTITUDE TOWARDS HOME AND UNDERSTANDING OF
RELATIONS OF FUNDAMENTAL EMOTIONS, UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIAL VALUES, NEEDS, PROBLEMS,
ISSUES TOGETHER DEVELOPING SOCIAL ATTITUDES AND HABITS

13. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING SERVICE IN
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE(SCHOOL):-
 STUDY HABITS AND SKILLS
 CAREER CHOICE
 KNOWLEDGE OF APTITUDES
•MENTAL HYGIENE

15. COUNSELLING:-
• “ COUNSELLING IS A METHOD THAT HELP THE
CLIENT TO USE A PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS
TO RECOGNIZE AND MANAGE STRESS AND
THAT FACILITATES INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIP AMONG CLIENT, FAMILY AND
HEALTH CARE TEAM.

16. AIMS OF COUNSELLING:-
 TO BRING ABOUT DESIRED CHANGES IN
THE INDIVIDUA FOR SELF REALIZATION
 TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE ,TO SOLVE
PROBLEMS THROUGH AN INTIMATE
PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

17. OBJECTIVE OF
COUNSELLING –
•TO ACHIEVE POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH
•TO RESOLVE THERE PROBLEMS
•TO IMPROVE PERSONAL EFFECTIVENESS
•LEVEL OF COUNSELLING

18. NEED OF COUNSELLING-
 TO HELP THE CLIENT
 TO ASSIST THE STUDENT
 TO HELP THE STUDENT TO WORK OUT A PLAN FOR SOLVING
HIS DIFFICULTIES
 TO DEVELOP READINESS FOR CHOICE AND CHANGES
 TO MOTIVATE THE STUDENTS FOR SELF EMPLOYMENT

19. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING [GUIDANCE]:
 RESPECT FOR INDIVIDUAL:-
COUNSELLING NEED STRONG ATTACHMENT WITH RESPECT FOR AN INDIVIDUAL
 ACCEPTANCE:_
ALL SCHOOL OF COUNSELLING BELIEVE THAT AN INDIVIDUAL MUST BE ACCEPTED AS A
WHOLE PERSON AS A HUMAN BEING
 THINKING WITH CLIENT :-
THINKING WITH CLIENT IS IMPORTANT IN COUNSELLING RATHER THAN THINKING FOR CLIENT
 CONTINUES PROCESS:_
IT IS A CONTINUES PROCESS AS IT CANNOT BE RESTRICTED CERTAIN SITUATION

20.  LEARNING:-
LEARNING IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF COUNSELLING
 PROFESSIONAL:-
SHOULD NOT BE CARRIER OUT BY ANY BODY IT REQUIRE A SPECIALIZED SKILL
AND TRAINED PERSON
 PROBLEM FOCUSING :-
IT STRONGLY FOCUSES ON THE PROBLEM AND HENCE IS PROBLEM SOLVING
TECHNIQUE .

21. APPROACHES OF COUNSELLING
• DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING – IT IS COUNSELLOR CENTERED APPROACH . IN IT THE
COUNSELLOR IS OF MAIN FOCUS AS THE ACTIVELY DIRECT THE INDIVIDUAL IN
DECISION MAKING AND SOLVING OUT PROBLEMS
• NON-DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING -IT IS CLIENT CENTERED APPROACH .THIS
APPROACH THE WHOLE RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIRECTION LIES UPON THE
INDIVIDUAL SEEKING HELP .
• GROUPAPPROACH – IT IS A CONTINUOUS TECHNIQUE
WHERE A GROUP OF INDIVIDUAL ARE COUNSELLED I N
GROUP INTERACTION TO DRIVE OUT THE SOLUTION TO THE
PROBLEM .

22. PHASE OF COUNSELLING:-

23. TYPES OF COUNSELLING:-
 DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING
 NON DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING
 SHORT TERM COUNSELLING
 LONG TERM COUNSELLING
 ELECTIVE COUNSELLING
 CLINICAL COUNSELLING
 STUDENT COUNSELLING

24.  MARRIAGE COUNSELLING
 INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING
 GROUP COUNSELLING
 HEALTH COUNSELLING
 EDUCATIONAL COUNSELLING
 MOTIVATIONAL COUNSELLING

25. TECHNIQUE OF COUNSELLING:-
 PROBLEM SOLVING:-
• IT IS A CREATIVE PROCESS BY WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL EVALUATE
CHANGES IN THEM AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT, MAKE NEW CHOICES OR
ADJUSTMENT IN DIFFERENT MANNER.
 DISCUSSION TECHNIQUE:-
• THE DISCUSSION IS CO- OPERATIVE ATTACK ON A SET OF PROBLEM,
BASED ON COMMON SET OF DATA MATERIAL AND EXPERIENCE IN WHICH
THE PROBLEM IS PERSUE TO COMPLEX AND DEEP LEVEL AS POSSIBLE.
 ROLE PLAY TECHNIQUE:-
• IT IS A TECHNIQUE USED IN COUNSELLING FOR DEVELOPING SKILL AND
INSIGHT IN AN INDIVIDUAL BY ACTING OUT SITUATION WHICH ARE SAME
TO THE REAL LIFE PROBLEM.

26.  LECTURE:-
LECTURE DELIVERED BY EXPERT CAN HELP IN
COUNSELLING IN EFFECTIVE WAY.
 CASE CONFERENCES:-
IN THIS TECHNIQUE PROBLEM FACED BY MAJORITY.
 OPERANT CONDITIONING:-
IT IS A TECHNIQUE OF CONDITIONING THE
BEHAVIOUR OF PERSON.

27. TOOLS IN COUNSELLING:-
1.NON – TESTING TOOLS
2.PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS

28. • 1.NON- TESTING TOOLS:-
• A. INTERVIEW:-
• IT IS A CONVERSATION BASED ON A DEFINITE PURPOSE. IT IS A
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN COUNSELLER AND THE CLIENT IN
WHICH INFORMATION ARE COLLECTED BY PROVIDING
OPPORTUNITY TO UNDERSTAND THE CLIENT.
• B. OBSERVATION:-
• IT IS A CAREFUL STUDY OF CLIENT . OBSERVATION CAN BE MADE
MORE DIFFERENTLY BY USING CHECKLIST, RATING SCALE.

29. 2. PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS:-
A. INTELLIGENCE:-
• ABILITY TO THINK DIFFERENT IDEAS, INVENTION, DIRECTION,
CRITICISM. EX. VERBAL INDIVIDUAL INTELLIGENCE TEST, NON VERBAL
INTELLIGENCE, VERBAL GROUP INTELLIGENCE TEST, NON VERBAL
INTELLIGENCE TEST ETC.
A. INTEREST:-
• IT IS A BEHAVIOUR ORIENTATION TOWARDS CERTAIN SITUATION,
ACTIVITY, EXPERIENCE AND OBJECT.
A. APTITUDE:-
• THESE TESTS ARE ALSO CALLED SPECIAL ABILITY TEST. THEY ARE
MEANT TO JUDGE THE CAPACITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL TO BE SKILLED IN
SOME WORK OR SOME SUBJECT OF STUDY AFTER RECEIVING FORMAL OR
INFORMAL EDUCATION.

30. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING:-

31. NEED OF COUNSELLING SERVICES:-
• TOTAL DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT:-
THE COUNSELLING SERVICES MAKE THE STUDENT IN UNDERSTANDING THEMSELVES
AND ALSO MAKE THE TEACHER TO UNDERSTAND THE STUDENT.
2.MAKING PROPER CHOICE:-
IT HELP IN MAKING PROPER CHOICE BECAUSE THESE CHOICES INFLUENCE FUTURE.
THESE DAYS VARIETY OF FIELDS, JOB AND COURSES ARE AVAILABLE SO EVERY STEP ARE
AVAILABLE SO EVERY STEP OR CHOICE SHOULD BE MADE CAREFULLY AND PROPERLY
3.HELP IN IDENTIFYING SPECIAL NEED:-
THESE SERVICES HELP IN IDENTIFYING SPECIAL NEED WHICH REQUIRE IMMEDIATE
CARE OR COUNSELLING

32. STEPS OF ORGANIZING COUNSELLING:-
• THE STEP OF ORGANIZING COUNSELLING SERVICES ARE
FOLLOWING :-
1. G- GREET THE CLIENT
2. A- ASK THE CLIENT ABOUT THEMSELVES
3. T- TELL CLIENT ABOUT PROCEDURE
4. H- HELP THE CLIENT EXPLAIN HOW TO USE A METHOD
5. R- RETURN FOR FOLLOW UP

33. ROLE OF COUNSELLER:-
 ARRANGE ORIENTATION PROGRAMME FOR THE OTHER
SUPPORT STAFF TO ENLIST THEIR CO OPERATION
 ORGANIZE THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE
 SET UP AN EDUCATIONAL AND OCCUPATIONAL
INFORMATION CENTER
 DISPLAY THE INFORMATION COLLECTED IN AN
ATTRACTIVE WAY
 ARRANGE TALKS BY EXPERTS FROM DIFFERENT FIELDS

34. NEED OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
SERVICES IN NURSING EDUCATION :-
 TO HELP STUDENTS ADJUSTING WITH THE NEW ENVIRONMENT OF THE NURSING INSTITUTE
 TO HELP IN DEVELOPING QUALITIES REQUIRED FOR A SUCCESSFUL FOR A NURSING PRACTICE
 TO HELP STUDENTS IN GETTING ADJUST WITH THE CLINICAL ENVIRONMENT
 TO HELP STUDENTS KEEPING IN TOUCH WITH THE LATEST TRENDS IN NURSING
 TO HELP STUDENTS IN DEVELOPING POSITIVE LEARNING HABITS, ESPECIALLY SKILL
LEARNING.
 TO HELP NURSING STUDENTS IN ESTABLISHING PROPER IDENTIFY
 TO HELP TO OVERCOME PERIODS OF CONFUSION

35. ISSUES FOR COUNSELLING IN NURSING:-
ABSENCE OF TRAINED COUNSELLING
LACK OF TRAINING
LACK OF COUNSELLING CULTURE
LACK OF AWARENESS ABOUT
COUNSELLING SERVICES

36. PREPARATION OF COUNSELOR:-
1. EDUCATIONAL PREPARATION:-
 MASTER OR BACHELOR DEGREE IN TEACHING AND EDUCATION
 BASIC COURSE IN GUIDANCE PROGRAMME
1. EXPERIENCE :-
 TWO YEAR IN TEACHING
 ONE YEAR OF CUMULATIVE WORK
 3-6 MONTHS OF SUPERVISED COUNSELLING EXPERIENCE
1. PERSONAL FITNESS:-
 POSITIVE MENTAL , PHYSICAL , SOCIAL AND SPIRITUAL HEALTH
•

37. SUMMARY:-
COUNSELLING CAN BE EXPLAINED AS A DISCUSSION OF A EMOTIONAL PROBLEM WITH
AN EMPLOYEE WITH THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE OF DECREASING IT. IT HELPS TO GROWS
SELF CONFIDENCE, UNDERSTANDING SELF CONTROL AND ABILITY TO WORK
EFFECTIVELY IN AN ORGANIZATION. GUIDANCE IS MORE EXTERNAL HELPS A PERSON
UNDERSTAND ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS AVAILABLE TO HIM AND MAKES HIM
UNDERSTAND HIS PERSONALITY AND CHOOSE THE RIGHT SOLUTION. GUIDANCE IS
MAINLY PREVENTIVE AND DEVELOPMENT. GUIDANCE IS BROADER AND
COMPREHENSIVE. GUIDANCE CAN GIVEN BY WHO HAS GOOD KNOWLEDGE CAN GIVE
EFFECTIVE GUIDANCE TO OTHERS.