This document discusses sociometry, which is a technique used in counseling and education to analyze social relationships and group dynamics. It defines sociometry and discusses its purposes, history, areas of application, and how it works. Key points include that sociometry aims to map out social networks and subgroups within a group through questions about preferences. A sociogram is then created to visualize these relationships. The document provides details on how to properly administer a sociometry test and stresses the importance of explanation, atmosphere, periodic repetition, and confidentiality.

1. Ebru DÜNYAGÜZELİ, ÇUKUROVA MA, 2011

2. TECHNIQUES USED IN COUNSELING 1. Techniques for getting to know an individual 2. Techniques based on self-expressing 3. Techniques based on others’ views

3. 1.WHAT IS SOCIOMETRY? Socious (in latin) = partner / friend Metrum (in latin) = measurment The word ‘socimetry’ which comes from French to our language means as the effects of social life&friendship on an individual.

4. 2.WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF APPLYING SOCIOMETRY? To learn the interaction & the structure of a group To discover where exactly an individual exists in that group To elicit social relationship and the organization type of a group through analyzing attitudes & aptitudes of group members among eachother To identify subgroups,leaders and cliques of a group To obtain objective information about the real structure of a group and group integrity .

5. HISTORY OF SOCIOMETRY The origins of socimetric techniques are based on the idea that ‘‘ induction methods’’ that are carried out in applied sciences can also be applied in social sciences. (E.Durkheim&H.Spencer) J.L.Moreno(1934) ,who was affected by this idea,put forward sociometry theories and techniques to the literature. Having been developed since 1950s in America, socimetry ,then,spread around Europe and other countries. IN OUR COUNTRY, upon colloborating with Moreno Uberliningen Institute for educational purposes in 1982 , a socimetry group was constituted in Ankara.

6. The importance and functions of Sociometry It enables us to learn about the group dynamics and evaluate socialization levels of students after some social activities and their effects on reaching the intended goal. It helps school administration,teachers and counseling department by providing detailed information about the general structure & the social relationships of the group by preparing social plans&programmes to develop them in a better way and to find solutions to the problems. After applying these regulations,groups can be re-constructed to increase efficiency in their performance.

7. Due to being not an analyse of an invidual only,but the analyse of a person in a whole group, this technique gives us extensive amount of information about a lot of people at the same time . Sociometry also gives us a chance to identify the distance/closeness of the group members with eachother and the interaction net among them. Additionally,it is beneficial in preventing adaptation problems after having the application results in the hand.

8. AREAS THAT SOCIOMETRY CAN BE APPLIED EDUCATION INDUSTRY SERVICE AND PUBLIC SECTOR , and sometimes even in: ARMY 

9. What is A Sociogram? A sociogram is a charting of the inter-relationships within a group. Its purpose is to discover group structure: i.e., the basic "network" of friendship patterns and sub-group organization. The relations of any one child to the group as a whole are another type of information which can be derived from a sociogram. A sociogram's value to a teacher is in its potential for developing greater understanding of group behavior so that he/she may operate more wisely in group management and curriculum development . Sociograms may be constructed in a variety of ways. The methods described here re ones which teachers have used and found not too difficult or time consuming.

10. THE APPLICATION OF SOCIOMETRY KINDS OF QUESTIONS TO BE ASKED: NAME/SURNAME: DATE: ../../…. -With which of your friend would you like to go on a trip? -With which of your friend would you like to study and do your homework together? 1st preferance: …………………………………………. 2nd preferance: ………………………………………… 13rd preferance: ……………………………………….

11. SOME CHARACTER TYPES OBSERVED IN SOCIMETRY Leaders Isolated ones Rejected ones Groups in-pairs Cliques Relationships in-chain

16. Some crucial points to be cared in the application of Socimetry A good and clear explanation should be made to express the aim of the technique before the application A friendly and attentive classroom atmosphere should be created. Class members should have known eachother since about 6 months to get valid&reliable results It must be applied to the students who can read and write Socimetry principles ought to be taken into account during application Application should be repeated periodically to see if there is any improvement or change. Results has to be kept as a secret and not to use for other purposes.

17. REFERENCE LIST Özgüven,İ.E.,(2005)Psychological Consultation and Counseling in Modern Education: Techniques For Getting To Know An Individual,published in Ankara Demir,T.,(2011) KPSS Uzman Kariyer Publications,Counseling,published in Ankara http://www.users.muohio.edu/shermalw/sociometryfiles/socio_are.htmlx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociogram http://www.sociometry.co.nz/sociometric_symbols.htm http://what-when-how.com/social-sciences/sociometry/

18. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND PATIENCE ;)