This document outlines the normal growth and development of children ages 6-12. It discusses physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development during the school age period. Key points include: - Physical growth is generally slow, with an average weight gain of 2.5kg/year and height increase of 5cm/year. Permanent teeth erupt during this stage. - Cognitive development involves improved memory, concentration, and ability to conceptualize. Motor skills advance to include bicycle riding, handwriting. - Socially, children's interests shift from family to peers. They develop roles and responsibilities. - Emotionally, the psychosocial crisis is industry versus inferiority, where children aim to feel

1. 
Normal growth and development of
school age child
Outlines:
•Introduction
•Definition of school age period
•Assessment of normal growth of school age
- Anthropometrics (weight, height)-
- Dental assessment
•Physiological growth of school age
•Development of school age period
•Development theories
Objectives:
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2. 
At the end of this lecture the student should be able to:
•Define school age period
•Assess of normal growth of school age
•Discuss physiological growth of school age
•Describe development of school age period
•Discuss development theories
Introduction:
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3. 
• All culture agrees that, the child entering new phase of life at 6-
7 years. It creates new and more complex behavior pattern. Beside
that their privacy make them to take physical care of himself.
• That the period from 6 ----to -----12 year That period characterized
by eruption of permeated teeth and finished by beginning the puberty
Definition:
• That the period from 6 ----to -----12 year That period
characterized by eruption of permeated teeth and finished by
beginning the puberty
Assessment of normal growth of school-age:
• During the school age the growth is slow until
puberty , the child is characterized by slow in
growth of height but gain in weight, in this stage
boys is differ in growth in height and weight than
girls and boys are taller and heavier than girls.
1. Anthropometry measurements:
Weight
•The average gain in weight is about 2.5kg/year.
•Weight at 6 years………………… 20kg.
•Weight at 7 years……………… 22.5kg.
•Weight at 8 years……………… 25.0kg.
•Weight at 9 years………………….27.5kg
•Weight at 10 years………………..30.0kg……..(10 time the birth
weight).
•Weight at 11 years………………..32.5kg
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4. 
•Weight at 12 years………………..35.0kg
Height
•The average increase in height is about 5cm/year.
•Height at 6 years……………… 114cm.
•At 7 years……………………. ..121cm.
•At 8 years………………………128cm.
•At 9 years………………………135cm.
•At 10 years…………………….140cm.
•At 11 years……………………..145cm.
•At 12 years………………………150(3times birth lengh).
•Height Double at 4 year and triple at 12year.
Head Circumferences:
•At 6 years…………….51Cm
•At 12 years…………...53Cm.
•At Birth 35Cm, infant41Cm,43Cm,46Cm,2year…49Cm
•6-12year……………6cm more.
5-Dental assessment:
The health care team can assess growth through observation for teeth
Permanent teeth erupt during school-age period,
• Starting from 6 years, usually in the same order in which primary
teeth are lost.
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5. 
The child acquires permanent molars, medial and lateral incisors
E- Dental assessment
ERUPTION AGEDENTAL NAMETOOTH
upper
7-8 YearsCENTRAL INCISOR1
8-9 YearsLATERAL INCISOR2
11-12 YearsCANINE3
10-11 YearsFIRST PREMOLAR4
11-12 YearsSECOND PREMOLAR5
6-7 YearsFIRST MOLAR6
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6. 
ERUPTION AGEDENTAL NAMETOOTH lower
6-7 YearsCENTRAL INCISOR1
7-8 YearsLATERAL INCISOR2
9-10 YearsCANINE3
10-12 YearsFIRST PREMOLAR4
11-12 YearsSECOND
PREMOLAR
5
5-7 YearsFIRST MOLAR6
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7. 
Physiological growth:
•Temperature: 37c
•Pulse: 95 beats/minute
•Respiration: 19-20 breath/minute
•Blood pressure: 100/60 mmHg
•
•
•Physiological growth
•GIT system:
• maturation in GIT& the child able to digest any food
• genitourinary system; is maturity in kidneys are better to concentrate
urine
• circulator system: soft heart sound
• neurological system: improved in memory & ability to
conceptualization & full voluntary control of fin motors function.
•The sense organ: the smell and taste the child can differ between
objects at this stage
•Motor development
•
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8. 
•
Motor Development:
•At 6 years
-Increase resistance to fatigue.
-Need help in shoes laces.
-Throwing a ball and running.
•At 7 years
-Jumping, ride a bicycle
•At 8-9 years
-Dressing himself, playing by groups
-Playing musical instruments
•At 10-12 years
-Help in household, skilful in manual activity and sports.
Mental Development:
•At 6 years
-Count to 20, define the common object as chair, and obey command as
open door.
-Know the right arm.
•At 7 years
-Read clock or watch.
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9. 
•At 8 years
-Give similarities and differences between two things from memory.
-Count back word 20-1.
-Know months, days, numbers.
•At 10-12 years
-Write short letter to friends, use telephone, read story and books.
Vocalization:
•At 6 years
-Talk in full sentence.
•At 7 years
-Oriented time, know months, seasons and read clock.
•At 8-9 years
-Able to understand past, present and fatigue.
•At 10-12 years
-Vocabulary depending on his intelligence.
-
.
-Greater ability to concentrate and participate in
self-initiating quiet activities that challenge
cognitive skills, such as reading, playing
computer and board games.
Social Development:
•At 6 years
-Share with others, interest in group games.
-Has temper tantrum.
•At 7 years
-Child aware family to family roles and responsibility.
-Less resistant and stubbon.
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10. 
•At 8-9 years
-Like reward system, dramatic.
•At 10-12 years
-The child moves out the family environment and into the world of
peers.
Emotional development (Psychosocial development) according to
"Erikson":
Erikson termed the psychosocial crisis faced by child aged from 6 to
12 years "Industry versus inferiority".
During this period, school child normally has mastered the
developmental tasks which are trust, autonomy and initiative and
now focuses on mastering industry.
School age child are engage in tasks and activities that he can complete
it, he learns how to cooperate with others to achieve goals and he
revieve satisfaction from his achieving.
Failure to develop a sense of industry result in inferiority (feelings of
inadequacy) and child become more isolated.
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