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CASTRO, Kevin Cedrick R.                                                                                                                                            2010-06974

B SE – CA-English and SPED                                                                                                                                            EDSP 102

                                       Developmental Milestones and Disabilities that Can Affect the Individual’s Development

                                            Physical
        Age                                                                     Cognitive                  Language              Social/Emotional               Self-help
                           Fine Motor Skills      Gross Motor Skills

                                                 Head at 90 degree        Listens attentively to     Reacts to loud sounds     Reacts to discomfort
                                                 angle, uses arms to      sounds and voices (by                                and pain                  Can coordinately suck
      0 month                                                                                        Calms down or smiles
                                                 prop                     1 month)                                                                       when they are
                                                                                                     when spoken to            Recognizes parent’s       breastfeeding or
                                                 Visually track through   Cries deliberately for                               voice                     drinking formulae milk
                      Purposeful grasp                                                               Recognizes your voice
                                                 midline                  assistance (by 1                                                               through a nipple
      1 month                                                             month)                     and calms down if         Makes eye contact         artificial
                      Transfer objects from                                                          crying
                                                 Roll over
                      hand to hand
                                                                          Coordinates eye                                      Shows affection by
                                                 Head lag disappears      movements (by 2            When feeding, starts or   looking, waving,
                      Plays with fingers,                                                            stops sucking in                                    Has already been able
                                                                          months)                                              kicking and smiling
                      hands and toes                                                                 response to sound                                   to open their mouth
     2 months                                    Plays with feet
                                                                          Discovers hands and                                  Shows feelings of         when see breast or
                      Holds and manipulates                                                          Coos and makes                                      nipple artificial
                                                 Exercises body by        feet as extension of                                 security when held or
                      objects; sucks on                                                              pleasure sounds
                                                 stretching, moving       self (by 3 months)                                   talked to
                      everything!
                                                 Touch genitals, rock     Likes to repeat            Has a special way of      Expresses delight
                      Can grab at objects                                                                                                                Show their interest or
                                                 on stomach for           enjoyable acts (by 4       crying for different
                      (by 6 months)                                                                                                                      enthusiasm feeling
     3 months                                    pleasure                 months)                    needs                     May form attachment       when seeing mother’s
                                                                                                                               to one special object     breast (ASI) or nipple
                      Can smile at self in                                                           Smiles when he or she
                                                 Usually responds to      Recognizes and                                                                 artificial
                      mirror (by 5 months)                                                           sees you
                                                 objects or faces as      responds to name (by                                 Laughs when tickled
                                                 they move                5 months)                  Follows sounds with
                                                                                                     his or her eyes           Builds trust when cries
     4 months                                                                                                                                            Start to place their toys
                                                 Reacts to sound of       Studies objects intently                             are answered
                                                                                                                                                         into their mouth
                                                 voices, rattle or bell   (by 6 months)              Responds to changes
in the tone of your         May begin to cling to
                                 Vocalizes to                                      voice                       primary caregiver          Put their both hands
                                 him/herself, people                                                                                      on mother’s breast or
5 months
                                 and toys                                          Notices toys that make                                 bottle when milk-
                                                                                   sounds                                                 feeding.
                                 Can raise him/herself
                                 up on forearms (while                             Pays attention to music
                                 on tummy) and hold
                                 head up                                           Babbles in a speech-
                                                                                   like way and uses
                                 Rolls from back to                                many different sounds,
                                 tummy (by 4-6                                     including sounds that
                                 months)                                           begin with p, b, and m
                                                                                                                                          Able to hold their
6 months                                                                                                                                  bottle by themselves.
                                                                                   Laughs

                                                                                   Babbles when excited                                   Able to feed
                                                                                   or unhappy                                             themselves by using
                                                                                                                                          their thumb and finger
                                                                                   Makes gurgling sounds                                  tips.
                                                                                   when alone or playing
                                                                                   with you                                               Start to be able to hold
                                                                                                                                          the spoon and try to
                                                                                                                                          feed themselves.
           “Raking” with hands   Sits in “tripod”        Anticipates events (by    Enjoys playing peek-a-      Enjoys being near
7 months                                                 7 months)                 boo and pat-a-cake          people and played with
                                                                                                                                          Drink water or milk
           Finger-thumb          Push head and torso
                                                                                                                                          from the covered cup
           opposition            up off the floor        Finds hidden objects      Turns and looks in the      No longer smiles
                                                                                                                                          or directly drink it from
                                                         (by 10 months)            direction of sounds         indiscriminately
                                                                                                                                          the open cup by sips
8 months   Eye-hand              Support weight on
                                                                                                                                          via the edge of the
           coordination, but     legs                    Can point to body parts   Listens when spoken         Responds gaily to play
                                                                                                                                          cup.
           no hand preference                                                      to                          interactions with others
                                 Gets to and from        Puts nesting toys
           Transfers toys from   sitting                 together correctly        Understands words for       Cries, smiles, kicks,
9 months   hand to hand                                                            common items such as        coos, laughs to attract
                                 Crawls, pulls to        Develops expectations     “cup,” “shoe,” or “juice”   social attention
                                 standing                about familiar events
Responds to requests       Responds differently to
                   Stooping and             Waves bye-bye   (“Come here” or “Want      strangers (stranger
                   recovering                               more?”)                    anxiety by 8 months)

                   Learns to crawl, stand                   Babbles using long and     Shouts for attention
                   up and walk                              short groups of sounds     (by 8 months); rejects
                                                            (“tata, upup, bibibi”)     confinement
                   Sits without support
                   (by 8 months)                            Babbles to get and         Cries if other child
                                                            keep attention             cries
                   Sees almost
                   everything with good                     Communicates using         Pays attention to
   10 months       vision                                   gestures such as           his/her own name
                                                            waving or holding up
                   Begins to cruise and                     arms                       Recognizes different
                   eventually walk                                                     tones of voice and
                                                            Imitates different         responds
                                                            speech sounds
                                                                                       Able to interpret the
                                                            Has one or two words       emotional expression
                                                            (“Hi,” “dog,” “Dada,” or   of familiar adults
                                                            “Mama”) by first
                                                            birthday                   Copies simple actions
                                                                                       of others
11 – 11.9 months                                                                       Recognizes himself as
                                                                                       an individual apart
                                                                                       from mother

                                                                                       Learning to cooperate;
                                                                                       shows guilt at
                                                                                       wrongdoing

                                                                                       Actively seeks to
                                                                                       maintain interactions
                                                                                       with adult
Displays separation
                                                                                                                 anxiety when apart
                                                                                                                 from mother

                                                                                                                 Tries to alter mother's
                                                                                                                 plans through
                                                                                                                 persuasion or protest

                                                                                                                 Teases and tests
                                                                                                                 parental limits

                                                                                                                 Can demonstrate
                                                                                                                 affection

                                                                                                                 Discriminates positive
                                                                                                                 and negative attention


                                                                Identifies family       Knows a few parts of     Prefers to keep
                                                                members in              the body and can point   caregiver in sight while   Eating
                                                                photographs             to them when asked       exploring environment
               Picks up small objects    Can throw a ball                                                                                   Feed him/herself with
               with pointer finger and                                                                                                      a spoon.
                                                                Enjoys cause and        Follows simple           Demands personal
               thumb                     Walks well
                                                                effect-relationship     commands (“Roll the      attention
                                                                                        ball”) and understands                              Hold a cup by the
1 – 1.6 year   Turns pages in a book     Can walk while holding
                                                                Is able to make         simple questions         May reveal                 handles.
                                         an object
                                                                choices between clear   (“Where’s your shoe?”)   stubbornness
               Can build a tower of
                                                                alternatives                                                                Drink from a cup, with
               cubes                     More complex motor
                                                                                        Enjoys simple stories,   Unable to share            little spilling.
                                         skills
                                                                Begins to solve         songs, and rhymes
                                                                problems                                         Responds to simple         Play with food.
                                                                                        Points to pictures,      requests
                                                                Remembers more          when named, in books
Is possessive              Suck from a straw.
                                                                                         Acquires new words on
                                                                                         a regular basis                                        Begin to chew food
                                                                                                                     Begins to show             with mouth closed.
                                                                Sorts shapes and
                                                                                         Uses some one- or           empathy
                                      Kicks backward and        colors
                                                                                         two-word questions                                     Give up nursing or
                                      forward
                                                                                         (“Where kitty?” or “Go      Reveals a sense of         drinking from a bottle
                                                                Mimics adult behavior
                                                                                         bye-bye?”)                  trust                      near the age of two
                                      Stands on a balance
                                      beam                      Points to and names                                                             years.
                                                                                         Puts two words              Begins to play next to
                                                                objects
                                                                                         together (“More cookie”     children                   Drinks from a straw
                                      Walks up stairs with
                                                                                         or “No juice”)
                                      help; learns to climb     Refers to self by name
1.6 – 2 years   Can draw scribbles                                                                                   Shows emotions of          Dressing
                                      up stairs first, then
                                                                                         Uses many different         pride and
                                      down                      Learns by helping
                                                                                         consonant sounds at         embarrassment
                                                                                                                                                Take off hat.
                                                                                         the beginning of words
                                      Runs well                 Learns concepts such
                                                                                                                     May dawdle
                                                                as size, shape and                                                              Take off socks.
                                      Enjoys riding small-      weight as he/she
                                                                                                                     Engages in
                                      wheeled riding toys       moves and plays with                                                            Take off shoes when
                                                                                                                     imaginative play
                                                                objects in the                                                                  the laces are undone.
                                                                environment.
                                                                                                                     Tests limits of behavior
                                                                                                                                                Unzip large zippers.
                                                                                                                     Performs for an
                                                                                                                     audience                   Grooming

                Improving fine        Rule of Three: 3 yrs: 3   Comprehends size         Has a word for almost       Has a strong sense of      Enjoy trying to brush
2 – 2.6 years   motor skills and      ft, 33 lbs.                                        everything                  ownership                  teeth.
                eye-hand                                        Beginning to
                coordination: cut     Weight gain: 4-5 lbs      understand time          Uses two- or three-         May begin cooperative      Wash and dry hands
                with scissors, draw   per year                  sequences (e.g. before   word phrases to talk        play                       with help.
                shapes                                          lunch)                   about and ask for
2.6 – 3 years                         Growth: 3-4 inches                                 things                      May show need for          Household
                Strings large beads   per year                  Matches shapes and                                   security object
                                                                colors                   Uses k, g, f, t, d, and n                              Help with simple
                Holds scissors        Physically active,                                 sounds                      Is becoming more
correctly        can’t sit still for long   Counts and                                           independent   household tasks
                                                            manipulates objects      Speaks in a way that is
                Zips and snaps   Clumsy throwing                                     understood by family                      Push and pull doors
                                 balls                      Is beginning to think    members and friends                       open and shut.
                                                            about consequences
                                 Refines complex                                     Names objects to ask
                                 skills: hopping,           Is able to concentrate   for them or to direct
                                 jumping, climbing,         for longer periods of    attention to them
                                 running, ride “big         time
                                 wheels” and tricycles                                                                         Completely undresses
                                                                                                                               self
                                 Walks backwards                                     Hears you when you
                                                                                     call from another room
                                                                                                                               Independently puts on
                                 Can balance on one                                                                            socks, coat, sweater,
                                 foot (by 3 years)                                   Hears the television or
                                                                                                                               pants
                                                                                     radio at the same
                                 Learns to use the                                   sound level as other
                                                                                                                               Manipulates large
                                 potty, most are toilet-                             family members
                                                                                                                               buttons and snaps
                                 trained
                                                                                     Answers simple
                                                                                                                               Eats entire meal
                                 Walks up and down                                   “Who?” “What?”
                                                                                                                               independently
                                                                                     “Where?” and “Why?”
3 – 3.9 years                    stairs independently
                                                                                     questions
                                                                                                                               Uses a spoon and fork
                                                                                                                               effectively
                                                                                     Talks about activities at
                                                                                     daycare, preschool,
                                                                                                                               Can pour liquid with
                                                                                     or friends’ homes
                                                                                                                               some assistance
                                                                                     Uses sentences with
                                                                                                                               Washes hands
                                                                                     four or more words
                                                                                                                               unassisted
                                                                                     Speaks easily without
                                                                                                                               Learns toilet training
                                                                                     having to repeat
                                                                                     syllables or words
                                                                                                                               Wipes nose
                                                                                                                               unassisted
Pays attention to a
                                                                                            short story and                                        Can cut with a knife
                                                                                            answers simple                                         independently
                                                                                            questions about it
                                                                                                                                                   Can put shoes on right
                                                                                            Hears and understands                                  feet; tie shoes
                                                                                            most of what is said at
                                                                                                                          Enjoys being with
                                                                                            home and in school                                     Knows clothing front
                                                                                                                          other children
                                                                                                                                                   from back
                Can catch a beanbag
                                                                                            Uses sentences that
                                                                 Comprehends special                                      Has an increased drive
                                                                                            give many details                                      Toileting – fully
                Can copy a simple                                concepts (e.g. around,                                   for independence
                                                                                                                                                   independent
4 – 4.9 years   design                                           in front, high, next to)
                                                                                            Tells stories that stay
                                                                                                                          Expresses anger more
                                                                                            on topic                                               Brushes teeth
                Uses scissors to cut a                           Rote counts up to 20                                     dramatically
                                                                                                                                                   independently
                straight line
                                         Can hop on one foot,                               Communicates easily
                                                                 Can complete a 6-8                                       Is aware of social
                                         skip and jump                                      with other children and                                Buttons front buttons
                                                                 piece puzzle                                             approval or
                                                                                            adults
                                                                                                                          disapproval
                                         Can catch a ball with                                                                                     Feeds self with fork
                                                                 Begins to understand
                                         both hands                                         Says most sounds                                       (held with fingers).
                                                                 time concepts                                            Performs for others
                                                                                            correctly except for a
                                                                                            few (l, s, r, v, z, ch, sh,                            Zips separating front
                                                                 Understands simple                                       Has pride in personal
                                                                                            and th)                                                zipper.
                                                                 math concepts                                            accomplishments
                                                                                            Uses rhyming words
                                                                 Recalls main details of                                  Develops sex role
                                                                 a story                                                  identification
                                                                                            Names some letters
                                                                                            and numbers
                                                                                                                          Begins taking turns
                                                                                                                          and negotiating
                                                                                            Uses adult grammar
5 – 5.9 years
                                                                                            Uses possessives

                                                                                            Uses double negatives

                                                                                            Joins sentences
Follows up to 4 step
                                                                                     directions

                                                                                     Uses third person

                                                                                     Tells simple jokes

                                                                                     Has a 2000 word
                                                                                     vocabulary

                                                                                     Fluent speech.           Stubborn and
                                                            Draws with precision
                                                                                                              demanding
                                                            and to detail.
                                                                                     Can pronounce
                                   Learns to skip with                               majority of the sounds   Eager for fresh        Able to perform and
6 years   Ties shoe laces.                                  Developing reading
                                   rope.                                             of his/her own           experiences            complete routine
                                                            skills well.
                                                                                     language.                                       chores such as
                                                                                                              May be quarrelsome     sweeping floors or
                                                            May write
                                                                                     Talk fluently and with   with friends.          cleaning desks with
                                                            independently.
                                                                                     confidence.                                     much more accuracy
                                                                                                              Desires to be
                                   Grows 2 to 2.5 inches    More interested in                                perfect and is quite   Enjoys many activities
                                                            complicated projects                                                     and stays busy
                                                                                                              self-critical
                                   Can perform more         because they have
          Hand-eye coordination    difficult movements      greater attention span                                                   Likes to paint and
                                                                                     Uses a vocabulary of     Worries more; may      draw
          is becoming even         such as standing in
                                                                                     several thousand         have low self-
          more refined             one place while
                                                            Uses serious,            words
                                   twisting, turning, or                                                      confidence             Can already eat by
7 years                                                     logical thinking;
          Able to write and draw   spinning                                                                                          him/herself
                                                                                     Begins to grasp that
          with control and                                                                                    Tends to complain;
                                                                                     letters represent the
          precision                Can combine motor        Is thoughtful and                                                        Bathe all by himself
                                                                                     sounds that form words   has strong
                                   skills such as running   reflective
                                   and kicking a ball                                                         emotional reactions
                                   (such as in soccer) or
                                   performing dances to     Able to understand
                                                                                                              Understands the
                                   music                    reasoning and
                                                                                                              difference between
make the right                              right and wrong
                                  Able to ride a bicycle    decisions
                                  without training wheels
                                                                                                        Takes direction
                                                            Can tell time;                              well; needs
                                                            knows the days,                             punishment only
                                                            months, and                                 rarely
                                                            seasons
                                                                                                        Avoids and
                                                            Can describe                                withdraws from
                                                            points of similarity                        adults
                                                            between two
                                                            objects                                     Is a better loser
                                                                                                        and less likely to
                                                            Able to solve more                          place blame
                                                            complex problems
                                                                                                        Waits for her turn
                                                            Individual learning                         in activities
                                                            style becomes
                                                            more clear-cut                              Starts to feel guilt
                                                                                                        and shame


                                                            Seeks to                                    Has strong need        Dresses and grooms
                                                            understand the         Can converse at an   for love and           self completely
                                  Stamina increases
                                                            reasons for things     almost adult level   understanding,
              Finger control is                                                                                                Can use tools (i.e.,
                                                                                                        especially from
8 years old   quite refined       Can run and swim                                                                             hammer, screwdriver)
                                                            Begins to feel         Reading may be a     mother
                                  further                                          major interest
                                                            competent in skills                                                Can already eat by
                                                            and have                                    Can be helpful,        himself/herself
                                                            preferences for                             cheerful, and
                                                            some activities and                         pleasant as well as    Can do almost all
subjects            rude, bossy, and       household chores
                    selfish
                                           Bathe all by himself
Thinking is
organized and       May be quite
logical             sensitive and
                    overly dramatic
Begins to
recognize concept   Emotions change
of reversibility    quickly
(4+2=6 and 6-2=4)
                    Impatient; finds
                    waiting for special
                    events torturous

                    Makes friends
                    easily; develops
                    close friends of
                    same sex

                    Favors group play,
                    clubs, and team
                    sports; wants to
                    feel part of a group

                    More influenced by
                    peer pressure

                    Can be obsessed
                    with, and motivated
                    by money
Are incredibly
                                                                                        Are more
                                       curious about the
                                                                                        emotionally mature
              Have stronger and        world around them,
              smoother muscle          and may want to
                                                                                        Are better able to
              control,                 research topics that
                                                                                        handle conflicts
                                       interest them.
                                                                                        and frustrations.
              May experience
              the beginnings of        Have longer
                                                               Growth of Language       More independent,
              puberty.                 attention spans and     Patterns Used:           and will be
                                       will tend to spend        Descriptive           emotionally more
              May also be more         lots of time on           Loves vocabulary      ready to socialize
              susceptible to           activities and               and language
                                                                    play and            without their
              body image               subjects that they
                                                                    information         parents (such as at
              issues.                  are excited about.
                                                                 Baby-talk             sleepovers at
9 years old                                                         sometimes re-       friends' houses).
              Increased coordination  Able to think                 emerges
                                      critically, and may        Use of hyperbole      Have a strong
              Pushes self to physical
              limits
                                      want to share their        Age of negatives;
                                                                    “I hate it”, ”I     desire to belong to
                                      opinions about
                                                                    can’t”, “boring”,   a group and to fit
              Fatigues easily         things.
                                                                    “yeah right”        in, and may be
              Numerous injuries                                  Dirty jokes           more susceptible to
                                       Read and write            Graffiti              peer influence and
                                       increasingly more
              Somatic complaints                                                        peer pressure
                                       complicated texts
              Tension outlets such                                                      May be more
              as nail-biting, hair-    Learn how to work
              twisting, lip-pursing                                                     moody and feel
                                       with multiple digits,
                                                                                        more stress and
                                       geometry, and data
                                                                                        pressure, and will
                                       organization in
                                                                                        rely upon the
                                       math.
                                                                                        support and love
provided by
                                                                                                                  parents.


                                                                Memorizing details
                                                                productively                                      Fairness issues peak
                                                                                                                  and can be solved
                                                                Increased ability to
                                                                abstract                                          Quick to anger – quick
                                                                                                                  to forgive
                                                                Likes rules and                                   Generally content
                                                                logic                                                                      Can accomplish tasks
                                       Large muscle
                                       development                                                                Works well in groups     in a shorter time due
                                                                Classification and     Good listeners, actively                            to longer attention
                                       Needs outdoor time       collections of         receptive                  Enjoys both family and   span
               Handwriting often       and physical challenge                                                     peers
                                                                interest; likes to
10 years old   sloppier than at nine                                                   Voracious readers                                   Can do all things by
                                                                organize                                          Likes clubs, sports,     him/herself
                                       Snacks and rest
                                       periods helpful for                             Expressive, talkative,     and activities
                                       growing bodies           Able to                like to explain                                     Can discriminate
                                                                concentrate, read                                 Usually truthful;        dangers when
                                                                for extended                                      developing more          engaging in an activity
                                                                                                                  mature sense of right
                                                                periods                                           and wrong, good at
                                                                                                                  solving social issues
                                                                Good problem
                                                                solvers                                           Cooperative and
                                                                                                                  competitive
                                                                Proud of Academic
                                                                products
Moody; sensitive
                                                                      Prefers new tasks and
                                                                                                                            Oppositional; tests
                                                                      experiences to
                                          Vast appetite for food                                                            limits
                                                                      reflection or revision of
                                          and physical activity
                                                                      previous work
                                                                                                                            Often does best away
                                          Growth spurt of early                                   Impulsive – talks         from home
                                                                      Able to abstract
                                          adolescence for some                                    before thinking
                                          girls                                                                             Impulsive; rude;
                                                                      Deductive reasoning
                                                                                                  Can be cruel or harsh     unaware
                                                                      advances
                                          Constant motion;                                        with words
               Fine motor capability is
11 years old                              restless                                                                          Loves to argue
               good                                                   Can establish and
                                                                                                  Argumentative; debater
                                                                      modify rules, develop
                                          More illness: colds, flu,                                                         Difficulty with decisions
                                                                      hypotheses
                                          ear infections                                          Appreciates humor
                                                                                                                            Self-absorbed
                                                                      Increased ability to de-
                                          Need for more sleep                                     Imitates adult language
                                                                      center and see world
                                                                                                                            Extremes of emotion
                                                                      from various
                                          Physical aggression
                                                                      perspectives
                                          not uncommon                                                                      Inclusion/exclusion;
                                                                                                                            height of cliques;
                                                                      Loves to argue
                                                                                                                            seeks to belong

                                          High Energy                 Increased ability to
                                                                                                  Sarcasm emerges
                                                                      abstract in intellectual                              Adult personality
                                                                      pursuits                                              begins to emerge
                                          Much Rest needed                                        Double meanings,
                                                                                                  word play, jokes of
                                                                      May show emerging                                     More reasonable,
                                          Growth spurt:                                           intellectual interest
                                                                      ability in a particular                               tolerant than at 11
12 years old                              signs of puberty            skill or content area
                                                                                                  Enjoys conversation
                                                                                                                            Enthusiastic,
                                                                                                  with adults and peers
                                                                      Can and will see both                                 uninhibited
                                          Menstruation for
                                                                      sides to an argument
                                          majority of girls                                       Peer “vocabulary”
                                                                                                                            Will initiate own activity
                                                                                                  (slang) important
                                                                      High interest in current
                                          Food important,             events, politics, social                              Empathetic
especially mid-          justice; also pop
                                                    morning in school        culture, materialism              Self-aware, insightful

                                                                             Research and study                Can set realistic goals
                                                    Physical education       skills advance with               in the short term
                                                    and sports valued        increase of
                                                                             organizational                    Appears secure
                                                                             discipline
                                                                                                               Peers more important
                                                                                                               than teachers and
                                                                                                               parents




References:
http://www.parentingme.com/1yrshelp.htm
http://childparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/tp/Child-Development-Your-Nine-Year-Old-Child.htm
http://childparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/tp/Child-Development-Your-Nine-Year-Old-Child.htm
http://www.child-development-guide.com/child-development-milestone.html
http://childparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/a/Your-7-Year-Old-Child-Physical-Development.htm
http://www.greatschools.org/special-education/health/731-developmental-milestones-your-7-year-old-child.gs
http://www.greatschools.org/special-education/health/903-developmental-milestones-your-8-year-old-child.gs
Red Flags for the Development for Each Area until Age 5
                                Physical
  Age                                                                 Cognitive                 Language              Social/Emotional     Self-help
             Fine Motor Skills         Gross Motor Skills
1 month
2 months

           Persistent fisting
3 months                              Rolling prior to 3
           (hypertonia)
                                      months (hypertonia)
4 months
5 months
           Hands frequently                                    No visual tracking
           clenched (motor,           Not rolling              (visual impairment)
           visual, and/or cognitive                                                                                Does not smile or
                                      Not holding head and     No response to sounds
           deficits, neuromuscular                                                                                 squeal in response to
                                      shoulders up when on     (hearing impaired)         Not starting to babble
6 months   disorder)                                                                                               people (visual loss,
                                      tummy                    Not beginning to           (hearing deficit)
           Not reaching for and                                                                                    attachment problems,
                                      (neuromuscular or        repeat actions to elicit                            maternal depression)
           holding (grasping) toys
                                      neuromotor disorders)    pleasurable results
           (motor, visual, and/or
           cognitive deficits)                                 Avoids close contact or
                                                               cuddling
                                      W-sitting and bunny
                                                               Inconsolable at night                               Absent stranger
7 months                              hopping (spasticity or
                                                                                                                   anxiety
                                      hypotonia)               Difficult self
                                                               soothing/regulating
                                                               Doesn't attempt to
8 months                                                       attract attention
                                                               No interest in games
                                                               like peek-a-boo

9 months                                                                                  No gestures (e.g.        Not sharing enjoyment
           Unable to hold and/or      Not sitting without
                                                                                          pointing, showing,       with others using eye
release toys               support                                                waving)                     contact or facial
                                                                                                                          expressions (autism,
            Cannot move toy from       Not moving (e.g.                                       Not using 2-part
                                                                                                                          vision impairment)
            one hand to another        creeping, crawling)                                    babbles (e.g. mama,
                                                                                              dada)
            Persistence of             Does not take weight
            primitive reflexes         well on legs when held
            (neuromotor disorders)     by an adult


                                       for all included here
                                       (neuromuscular or
                                       neuromotor disorders,
                                       cerebral palsy)
                                       Not sitting
                                       independently
                                       Not crawling
                                       ("commando" crawling-
                                       -moving across the                                     Inability to localize
10 months                              floor on his belly)                                    sound (unilateral
                                                                                              hearing loss)
                                       for all included here
                                       (neuromuscular or
                                       neuromotor disorders,
                                       cerebral palsy)
11 months
            Majority of nutrition is   Not creeping (on all       Doesn't search for                                      Not performing for
                                                                                              No babbled phrases
            still puree/liquid         fours, what is typically   hidden/removed                                          social attention
                                                                                              that sound like talking (
                                       called "crawling")         objects (intellectual                                   (autism, sensorial
            Cannot chew solid
                                                                  disability)                 No response to familiar     disorders)
12 months   food                       Not sitting upright in a
                                                                                              words (articulation
                                       child-sized chair          Continues to problem                                    Does not notice
            Unable to pick up                                                                 disorder)
                                                                  solve using repetition                                  someone new
            small items using          Not pulling to stand
                                                                  actions rather than trial                               (intellectual disability,
            index finger and thumb
                                       Not crawling or bottom     and error (intellectual                                 autism, sensorial
shuffling               disability, learning        impairment)
                                    disability)
            Not standing holding                                Does not play early
            on to furniture         Not anticipating effects    turn-taking games
                                    of actions (knocking        (autism)
                                    over blocks)
            for all included here   (intellectual disability,
            (neuromuscular or       learning disability,
            neuromotor disorders,   autism, ADHD)
            cerebral palsy)
                                    Not using toys for
                                    intended purposes
                                    functional play
                                    (intellectual disability)
                                    Not showing interest in
                                    children her age
                                    (autism,behavioral
                                    problems)
                                    Extreme difficulty
                                    waiting for desired item
                                    (ADHD)
                                    Rigidity regarding
                                    routine, food items,
                                    clothing, etc. (autism)
                                    Limited or fleeting eye
                                    contact
                                    (communication
                                    disorder, autism)
                                    Persistent mouthing of
                                    objects (intellectual
                                    disability)
13 months

14 months   Not standing alone
                                                                                      Not feeding him/herself
            (neuromuscular
disorders)                                                                                                  finger foods

                                                                                               Lack of consonant                                     Not attempting to use
                                                                                               production (mild                                      a spoon
                                                                  Not imitating body
                                                                  action on a doll (i.e.,      hearing loss,                                         Not picking up and
                                                                  kiss the baby, feed the      production problems)                                  drinking from a regular
15 months
                                                                  baby) (visually              Does not use at least 3                               open cup
                                                                  impaired, autism,            words (hearing                                        Not able to pull off hat,
                                                                  intellectual disabilities)   impaired, intellectual                                socks or mittens on
                                                                                               disability)                                           request
                                                                                               Lack of imitation
16 months                                                                                      (hearing loss, cognition
                                                                                               problems, autism)
17 months

                                                                  Doesn't understand             Lack of protodeclarative pointing (problem in
                                                                  function of common                          social relatedness)
            Not holding or                                        objects (intellectual        No clear words
            scribbling with crayons      Not attempting to walk   disability)                  (articulation disorder,
            (dysgraphia,                 without assistance                                    hearing impairment)
                                                                  Continues to mouth or
            intellectual disabilities)
                                         Not standing alone       use                          Cannot understand
            Does not attempt to                                   sensory/exploratory          short requests
18 months   tower blocks                                          tactics to play                                          Lacks interest in
                                                                                               (intellectual disability,
            (behavioral problems,        for all included here    (intellectual disability)                                playing and interacting
                                                                                               hearing impairment,
            intellectual disabilities)                                                                                     with others (autism,
                                         (neuromuscular or        Constantly moving            receptive disorders)
                                                                                                                           behavioral problems)
            Hand dominance               neuromotor disorders,    from one item to             Does not say mama,
            (contralateral               cerebral palsy)          another/inability to         dada or other names
            weakness)                                             attend for brief periods     (articulation disorder,
                                                                  (ADHD)                       hearing impairment,
                                                                  Requires constant            intellectual disability)
                                                                  attention to remain                                                                Not attempting to wash
19 months                                                         engaged (ADHD)                                                                     own hands or face
20 months
21 months
                                                                   Advanced                                            Not assisting with
                                                                   noncommunicative                                    dressing tasks
22 months
                                                                   speech (echolalia)                                  (excluding clothes
                                                                   (autism)                                            fasteners)
23 months
                                                                                             Not imitating actions
                                                                   Does not have at least    and movements
                                                                   50 words, and use at      (autism)
            Inability to walk up and                               least 25 (intellectual
                                                                                             Not engaging in
            down stairs                                            disabilities)
                                                                                             pretend play (autism)
            Unable to run                                          Not putting words
                                                                                             Not showing interest in
                                                                   together, e.g. push car
            Unable to throw a ball                                                           children her age          No interest in self-care
24 months                                                          Most of what is said is   (autism, behavioral       skills, e.g. feeding,
                                                                   not easily understood     problems)                 dressing
            for all included here
                                                                                             Extreme difficulty
            (neuromuscular or
                                                                                             waiting for desired
            neuromotor disorders,                                  (communication
                                                                                             items (ADHD)
            cerebral palsy)                                        disorders, receptive,
                                                                   production and            Too passive (autism,
                                                                   articulation problems)    inert behavioral
                                                                                             problems)
25 months
26 months
                                       Not able to match two
                                       sets of objects by item
27 months                              (i.e., blocks in one
                                       container and people
                                       in another) (intellectual
                                       disability, learning
disability)
                                                               Not able to imitate a
                                                               model from memory
                                                               (i.e., show me how you
                                                               brush your teeth)
                                                               (intellectual disability,
                                                               autism, ADHD)
28 months
29 months
                                      Not jumping
                                      (neuromuscular
                                      disorders)
                                      Not independent on                                   No 2-word
30 months
                                      stairs (up and down)                                 spontaneous phrases
                                      (neuromotor or
                                      neuromuscular
                                      disorders)
                                                               Not able to match two
                                                               sets of objects by color
31 months                                                      (visual impairment,
                                                               intellectual disability,
                                                               down syndrome)
32 months
33 months
                                                                                                                                          Not able to deliberately
34 months                                                                                                                                 undo large buttons,
                                                                                                                                          snaps and shoelaces
35 months

            Difficulty manipulating   Not running well         Not demonstrating           Speech difficult to   Extreme difficulty       Difficulty helping with
 3 years
            small objects e.g.                                 simple categorization       understand            separating from parent   self-care skills (e.g.
                                      Cannot kick or throw a
threading beads              ball                      (learning disability,        Not using simple         Not initiating or          feeding, dressing)
          (cerebral palsy,                                       intellectual disabilities)   sentences e.g. big car   reciprocating simple
                                       Cannot jump with 2
          dysgraphia)                                                                         go                       interactions with
                                       feet together
                                                                                                                       children her age
                                                                                              Does not ask by name
                                                                                              for objects              Abnormal aggression
                                       for all included here
                                                                                              Repeats phrases in       Not interested in
                                       (neuromuscular or
                                                                                              response to questions    pretend play
                                       neuromotor disorders,
                                       cerebral palsy)                                                                 Difficulties in noticing
                                                                                                                       and understanding
                                                                                                                       feelings in themselves
                                                                                                                       and others
                                       Cannot pedal a tricycle
                                                                 No understanding of
                                       Cannot catch, kick or     time, or recognizing                                  Unable to play games
                                       throw a ball              concepts like                                         with other children and
                                                                 "yesterday" and "next        Speech difficult to      agree to rules
          Unable to use pencils        Cannot balance well
          in scribbling or drawing     standing on one leg       summer" (dyscalculia,        understand               No spontaneous             Not toilet trained by
4 years                                                          intellectual disability)
          (dysgraphia,                                                                        Unable to follow         singing, dancing, or       day
          intellectual disabilities)                             Unable to draw lines         direction with two steps acting
                                       for all included here     and circles                                           Unwilling to play
                                       (neuromuscular or         (dysgraphia,                                          cooperatively
                                       neuromotor disorders,     intellectual disability)
                                       cerebral palsy)
          Cannot draw simple           Awkward when                    Cannot answer questions in a simple                                        Unable to dress him or
                                                                                                                       Play is different than
5 years   pictures (dysgraphia,        running, walking,           conversation (articulation disorders, receptive                                herself
                                                                                                                       their friends (autism)
          intellectual disabilities)   climbing, and using                           disorders)
                                                                                                                                                  Unable to go to the
stairs (dyspraxia,          Unable to follow the                                                            bathroom without
                                                    physical impairment)        rules of a simple game                                                          assistance
                                                                                (behavioral problems,
                                                    Ball skills are very                                                                                        Unable to help with
                                                                                intellectual disabilities)
                                                    different from other                                     Difficulty telling a                               simple chores
                                                    peers (neuromuscular        Cannot draw simple           parent what is wrong
                                                                                pictures (dysgraphia,
                                                    Unable to hop 5 times
                                                    on each foot                Concerns from teacher
                                                                                about school readiness
                                                    Difference between left                                    Lack of or limited eye contact (autism, visual
                                                    and right sides of body                                                     impairment)                     all from self-help
                                                    in strength, movement,                                                                                      (intellectual disabilities,
                                                    or tone (cerebral palsy)    Lack of response to                                    Poor interaction with
                                                                                                                                                                autism, neuromotor or
                                                                                sound or visual stimuli                                adults or other
                                                    Loose or floppy                                                                                             neuromuscular
                                                                                (sensorial                                             children (behavioral
                                                    movements (low tone)                                                                                        disorders, or lack of
       Any age                                                                  impairments)                                           problems, autism)
                                                    or stiff and tense (high                                                                                    training from
                                                    toe) (dyspraxia,                                                                   Strong parental          caregivers)
                                                    cerebral palsy)                                                                    concern

                                                                                              Significant loss of skills
                                                                                Not achieving indicated developmental milestones



References:
http://www.fpnotebook.com/Peds/Neuro/DvlpmntlMlstn.htm
http://www.earlyinterventionsupport.com/development/cognitive/default.aspx
http://www.uic.edu/classes/sped/sped506/milestones.html
http://www.sensory-processing-disorder.com/child-developmental-checklist.html
http://www.health.qld.gov.au/rch/professionals/brochures/red_flag.pdf

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Developmental milestones and red flags

  • 1. CASTRO, Kevin Cedrick R. 2010-06974 B SE – CA-English and SPED EDSP 102 Developmental Milestones and Disabilities that Can Affect the Individual’s Development Physical Age Cognitive Language Social/Emotional Self-help Fine Motor Skills Gross Motor Skills Head at 90 degree Listens attentively to Reacts to loud sounds Reacts to discomfort angle, uses arms to sounds and voices (by and pain Can coordinately suck 0 month Calms down or smiles prop 1 month) when they are when spoken to Recognizes parent’s breastfeeding or Visually track through Cries deliberately for voice drinking formulae milk Purposeful grasp Recognizes your voice midline assistance (by 1 through a nipple 1 month month) and calms down if Makes eye contact artificial Transfer objects from crying Roll over hand to hand Coordinates eye Shows affection by Head lag disappears movements (by 2 When feeding, starts or looking, waving, Plays with fingers, stops sucking in Has already been able months) kicking and smiling hands and toes response to sound to open their mouth 2 months Plays with feet Discovers hands and Shows feelings of when see breast or Holds and manipulates Coos and makes nipple artificial Exercises body by feet as extension of security when held or objects; sucks on pleasure sounds stretching, moving self (by 3 months) talked to everything! Touch genitals, rock Likes to repeat Has a special way of Expresses delight Can grab at objects Show their interest or on stomach for enjoyable acts (by 4 crying for different (by 6 months) enthusiasm feeling 3 months pleasure months) needs May form attachment when seeing mother’s to one special object breast (ASI) or nipple Can smile at self in Smiles when he or she Usually responds to Recognizes and artificial mirror (by 5 months) sees you objects or faces as responds to name (by Laughs when tickled they move 5 months) Follows sounds with his or her eyes Builds trust when cries 4 months Start to place their toys Reacts to sound of Studies objects intently are answered into their mouth voices, rattle or bell (by 6 months) Responds to changes
  • 2. in the tone of your May begin to cling to Vocalizes to voice primary caregiver Put their both hands him/herself, people on mother’s breast or 5 months and toys Notices toys that make bottle when milk- sounds feeding. Can raise him/herself up on forearms (while Pays attention to music on tummy) and hold head up Babbles in a speech- like way and uses Rolls from back to many different sounds, tummy (by 4-6 including sounds that months) begin with p, b, and m Able to hold their 6 months bottle by themselves. Laughs Babbles when excited Able to feed or unhappy themselves by using their thumb and finger Makes gurgling sounds tips. when alone or playing with you Start to be able to hold the spoon and try to feed themselves. “Raking” with hands Sits in “tripod” Anticipates events (by Enjoys playing peek-a- Enjoys being near 7 months 7 months) boo and pat-a-cake people and played with Drink water or milk Finger-thumb Push head and torso from the covered cup opposition up off the floor Finds hidden objects Turns and looks in the No longer smiles or directly drink it from (by 10 months) direction of sounds indiscriminately the open cup by sips 8 months Eye-hand Support weight on via the edge of the coordination, but legs Can point to body parts Listens when spoken Responds gaily to play cup. no hand preference to interactions with others Gets to and from Puts nesting toys Transfers toys from sitting together correctly Understands words for Cries, smiles, kicks, 9 months hand to hand common items such as coos, laughs to attract Crawls, pulls to Develops expectations “cup,” “shoe,” or “juice” social attention standing about familiar events
  • 3. Responds to requests Responds differently to Stooping and Waves bye-bye (“Come here” or “Want strangers (stranger recovering more?”) anxiety by 8 months) Learns to crawl, stand Babbles using long and Shouts for attention up and walk short groups of sounds (by 8 months); rejects (“tata, upup, bibibi”) confinement Sits without support (by 8 months) Babbles to get and Cries if other child keep attention cries Sees almost everything with good Communicates using Pays attention to 10 months vision gestures such as his/her own name waving or holding up Begins to cruise and arms Recognizes different eventually walk tones of voice and Imitates different responds speech sounds Able to interpret the Has one or two words emotional expression (“Hi,” “dog,” “Dada,” or of familiar adults “Mama”) by first birthday Copies simple actions of others 11 – 11.9 months Recognizes himself as an individual apart from mother Learning to cooperate; shows guilt at wrongdoing Actively seeks to maintain interactions with adult
  • 4. Displays separation anxiety when apart from mother Tries to alter mother's plans through persuasion or protest Teases and tests parental limits Can demonstrate affection Discriminates positive and negative attention Identifies family Knows a few parts of Prefers to keep members in the body and can point caregiver in sight while Eating photographs to them when asked exploring environment Picks up small objects Can throw a ball Feed him/herself with with pointer finger and a spoon. Enjoys cause and Follows simple Demands personal thumb Walks well effect-relationship commands (“Roll the attention ball”) and understands Hold a cup by the 1 – 1.6 year Turns pages in a book Can walk while holding Is able to make simple questions May reveal handles. an object choices between clear (“Where’s your shoe?”) stubbornness Can build a tower of alternatives Drink from a cup, with cubes More complex motor Enjoys simple stories, Unable to share little spilling. skills Begins to solve songs, and rhymes problems Responds to simple Play with food. Points to pictures, requests Remembers more when named, in books
  • 5. Is possessive Suck from a straw. Acquires new words on a regular basis Begin to chew food Begins to show with mouth closed. Sorts shapes and Uses some one- or empathy Kicks backward and colors two-word questions Give up nursing or forward (“Where kitty?” or “Go Reveals a sense of drinking from a bottle Mimics adult behavior bye-bye?”) trust near the age of two Stands on a balance beam Points to and names years. Puts two words Begins to play next to objects together (“More cookie” children Drinks from a straw Walks up stairs with or “No juice”) help; learns to climb Refers to self by name 1.6 – 2 years Can draw scribbles Shows emotions of Dressing up stairs first, then Uses many different pride and down Learns by helping consonant sounds at embarrassment Take off hat. the beginning of words Runs well Learns concepts such May dawdle as size, shape and Take off socks. Enjoys riding small- weight as he/she Engages in wheeled riding toys moves and plays with Take off shoes when imaginative play objects in the the laces are undone. environment. Tests limits of behavior Unzip large zippers. Performs for an audience Grooming Improving fine Rule of Three: 3 yrs: 3 Comprehends size Has a word for almost Has a strong sense of Enjoy trying to brush 2 – 2.6 years motor skills and ft, 33 lbs. everything ownership teeth. eye-hand Beginning to coordination: cut Weight gain: 4-5 lbs understand time Uses two- or three- May begin cooperative Wash and dry hands with scissors, draw per year sequences (e.g. before word phrases to talk play with help. shapes lunch) about and ask for 2.6 – 3 years Growth: 3-4 inches things May show need for Household Strings large beads per year Matches shapes and security object colors Uses k, g, f, t, d, and n Help with simple Holds scissors Physically active, sounds Is becoming more
  • 6. correctly can’t sit still for long Counts and independent household tasks manipulates objects Speaks in a way that is Zips and snaps Clumsy throwing understood by family Push and pull doors balls Is beginning to think members and friends open and shut. about consequences Refines complex Names objects to ask skills: hopping, Is able to concentrate for them or to direct jumping, climbing, for longer periods of attention to them running, ride “big time wheels” and tricycles Completely undresses self Walks backwards Hears you when you call from another room Independently puts on Can balance on one socks, coat, sweater, foot (by 3 years) Hears the television or pants radio at the same Learns to use the sound level as other Manipulates large potty, most are toilet- family members buttons and snaps trained Answers simple Eats entire meal Walks up and down “Who?” “What?” independently “Where?” and “Why?” 3 – 3.9 years stairs independently questions Uses a spoon and fork effectively Talks about activities at daycare, preschool, Can pour liquid with or friends’ homes some assistance Uses sentences with Washes hands four or more words unassisted Speaks easily without Learns toilet training having to repeat syllables or words Wipes nose unassisted
  • 7. Pays attention to a short story and Can cut with a knife answers simple independently questions about it Can put shoes on right Hears and understands feet; tie shoes most of what is said at Enjoys being with home and in school Knows clothing front other children from back Can catch a beanbag Uses sentences that Comprehends special Has an increased drive give many details Toileting – fully Can copy a simple concepts (e.g. around, for independence independent 4 – 4.9 years design in front, high, next to) Tells stories that stay Expresses anger more on topic Brushes teeth Uses scissors to cut a Rote counts up to 20 dramatically independently straight line Can hop on one foot, Communicates easily Can complete a 6-8 Is aware of social skip and jump with other children and Buttons front buttons piece puzzle approval or adults disapproval Can catch a ball with Feeds self with fork Begins to understand both hands Says most sounds (held with fingers). time concepts Performs for others correctly except for a few (l, s, r, v, z, ch, sh, Zips separating front Understands simple Has pride in personal and th) zipper. math concepts accomplishments Uses rhyming words Recalls main details of Develops sex role a story identification Names some letters and numbers Begins taking turns and negotiating Uses adult grammar 5 – 5.9 years Uses possessives Uses double negatives Joins sentences
  • 8. Follows up to 4 step directions Uses third person Tells simple jokes Has a 2000 word vocabulary Fluent speech. Stubborn and Draws with precision demanding and to detail. Can pronounce Learns to skip with majority of the sounds Eager for fresh Able to perform and 6 years Ties shoe laces. Developing reading rope. of his/her own experiences complete routine skills well. language. chores such as May be quarrelsome sweeping floors or May write Talk fluently and with with friends. cleaning desks with independently. confidence. much more accuracy Desires to be Grows 2 to 2.5 inches More interested in perfect and is quite Enjoys many activities complicated projects and stays busy self-critical Can perform more because they have Hand-eye coordination difficult movements greater attention span Likes to paint and Uses a vocabulary of Worries more; may draw is becoming even such as standing in several thousand have low self- more refined one place while Uses serious, words twisting, turning, or confidence Can already eat by 7 years logical thinking; Able to write and draw spinning him/herself Begins to grasp that with control and Tends to complain; letters represent the precision Can combine motor Is thoughtful and Bathe all by himself sounds that form words has strong skills such as running reflective and kicking a ball emotional reactions (such as in soccer) or performing dances to Able to understand Understands the music reasoning and difference between
  • 9. make the right right and wrong Able to ride a bicycle decisions without training wheels Takes direction Can tell time; well; needs knows the days, punishment only months, and rarely seasons Avoids and Can describe withdraws from points of similarity adults between two objects Is a better loser and less likely to Able to solve more place blame complex problems Waits for her turn Individual learning in activities style becomes more clear-cut Starts to feel guilt and shame Seeks to Has strong need Dresses and grooms understand the Can converse at an for love and self completely Stamina increases reasons for things almost adult level understanding, Finger control is Can use tools (i.e., especially from 8 years old quite refined Can run and swim hammer, screwdriver) Begins to feel Reading may be a mother further major interest competent in skills Can already eat by and have Can be helpful, himself/herself preferences for cheerful, and some activities and pleasant as well as Can do almost all
  • 10. subjects rude, bossy, and household chores selfish Bathe all by himself Thinking is organized and May be quite logical sensitive and overly dramatic Begins to recognize concept Emotions change of reversibility quickly (4+2=6 and 6-2=4) Impatient; finds waiting for special events torturous Makes friends easily; develops close friends of same sex Favors group play, clubs, and team sports; wants to feel part of a group More influenced by peer pressure Can be obsessed with, and motivated by money
  • 11. Are incredibly Are more curious about the emotionally mature Have stronger and world around them, smoother muscle and may want to Are better able to control, research topics that handle conflicts interest them. and frustrations. May experience the beginnings of Have longer Growth of Language More independent, puberty. attention spans and Patterns Used: and will be will tend to spend  Descriptive emotionally more May also be more lots of time on  Loves vocabulary ready to socialize susceptible to activities and and language play and without their body image subjects that they information parents (such as at issues. are excited about.  Baby-talk sleepovers at 9 years old sometimes re- friends' houses). Increased coordination Able to think emerges critically, and may  Use of hyperbole Have a strong Pushes self to physical limits want to share their  Age of negatives; “I hate it”, ”I desire to belong to opinions about can’t”, “boring”, a group and to fit Fatigues easily things. “yeah right” in, and may be Numerous injuries  Dirty jokes more susceptible to Read and write  Graffiti peer influence and increasingly more Somatic complaints peer pressure complicated texts Tension outlets such May be more as nail-biting, hair- Learn how to work twisting, lip-pursing moody and feel with multiple digits, more stress and geometry, and data pressure, and will organization in rely upon the math. support and love
  • 12. provided by parents. Memorizing details productively Fairness issues peak and can be solved Increased ability to abstract Quick to anger – quick to forgive Likes rules and Generally content logic Can accomplish tasks Large muscle development Works well in groups in a shorter time due Classification and Good listeners, actively to longer attention Needs outdoor time collections of receptive Enjoys both family and span Handwriting often and physical challenge peers interest; likes to 10 years old sloppier than at nine Voracious readers Can do all things by organize Likes clubs, sports, him/herself Snacks and rest periods helpful for Expressive, talkative, and activities growing bodies Able to like to explain Can discriminate concentrate, read Usually truthful; dangers when for extended developing more engaging in an activity mature sense of right periods and wrong, good at solving social issues Good problem solvers Cooperative and competitive Proud of Academic products
  • 13. Moody; sensitive Prefers new tasks and Oppositional; tests experiences to Vast appetite for food limits reflection or revision of and physical activity previous work Often does best away Growth spurt of early Impulsive – talks from home Able to abstract adolescence for some before thinking girls Impulsive; rude; Deductive reasoning Can be cruel or harsh unaware advances Constant motion; with words Fine motor capability is 11 years old restless Loves to argue good Can establish and Argumentative; debater modify rules, develop More illness: colds, flu, Difficulty with decisions hypotheses ear infections Appreciates humor Self-absorbed Increased ability to de- Need for more sleep Imitates adult language center and see world Extremes of emotion from various Physical aggression perspectives not uncommon Inclusion/exclusion; height of cliques; Loves to argue seeks to belong High Energy Increased ability to Sarcasm emerges abstract in intellectual Adult personality pursuits begins to emerge Much Rest needed Double meanings, word play, jokes of May show emerging More reasonable, Growth spurt: intellectual interest ability in a particular tolerant than at 11 12 years old signs of puberty skill or content area Enjoys conversation Enthusiastic, with adults and peers Can and will see both uninhibited Menstruation for sides to an argument majority of girls Peer “vocabulary” Will initiate own activity (slang) important High interest in current Food important, events, politics, social Empathetic
  • 14. especially mid- justice; also pop morning in school culture, materialism Self-aware, insightful Research and study Can set realistic goals Physical education skills advance with in the short term and sports valued increase of organizational Appears secure discipline Peers more important than teachers and parents References: http://www.parentingme.com/1yrshelp.htm http://childparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/tp/Child-Development-Your-Nine-Year-Old-Child.htm http://childparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/tp/Child-Development-Your-Nine-Year-Old-Child.htm http://www.child-development-guide.com/child-development-milestone.html http://childparenting.about.com/od/physicalemotionalgrowth/a/Your-7-Year-Old-Child-Physical-Development.htm http://www.greatschools.org/special-education/health/731-developmental-milestones-your-7-year-old-child.gs http://www.greatschools.org/special-education/health/903-developmental-milestones-your-8-year-old-child.gs
  • 15. Red Flags for the Development for Each Area until Age 5 Physical Age Cognitive Language Social/Emotional Self-help Fine Motor Skills Gross Motor Skills 1 month 2 months Persistent fisting 3 months Rolling prior to 3 (hypertonia) months (hypertonia) 4 months 5 months Hands frequently No visual tracking clenched (motor, Not rolling (visual impairment) visual, and/or cognitive Does not smile or Not holding head and No response to sounds deficits, neuromuscular squeal in response to shoulders up when on (hearing impaired) Not starting to babble 6 months disorder) people (visual loss, tummy Not beginning to (hearing deficit) Not reaching for and attachment problems, (neuromuscular or repeat actions to elicit maternal depression) holding (grasping) toys neuromotor disorders) pleasurable results (motor, visual, and/or cognitive deficits) Avoids close contact or cuddling W-sitting and bunny Inconsolable at night Absent stranger 7 months hopping (spasticity or anxiety hypotonia) Difficult self soothing/regulating Doesn't attempt to 8 months attract attention No interest in games like peek-a-boo 9 months No gestures (e.g. Not sharing enjoyment Unable to hold and/or Not sitting without pointing, showing, with others using eye
  • 16. release toys support waving) contact or facial expressions (autism, Cannot move toy from Not moving (e.g. Not using 2-part vision impairment) one hand to another creeping, crawling) babbles (e.g. mama, dada) Persistence of Does not take weight primitive reflexes well on legs when held (neuromotor disorders) by an adult for all included here (neuromuscular or neuromotor disorders, cerebral palsy) Not sitting independently Not crawling ("commando" crawling- -moving across the Inability to localize 10 months floor on his belly) sound (unilateral hearing loss) for all included here (neuromuscular or neuromotor disorders, cerebral palsy) 11 months Majority of nutrition is Not creeping (on all Doesn't search for Not performing for No babbled phrases still puree/liquid fours, what is typically hidden/removed social attention that sound like talking ( called "crawling") objects (intellectual (autism, sensorial Cannot chew solid disability) No response to familiar disorders) 12 months food Not sitting upright in a words (articulation child-sized chair Continues to problem Does not notice Unable to pick up disorder) solve using repetition someone new small items using Not pulling to stand actions rather than trial (intellectual disability, index finger and thumb Not crawling or bottom and error (intellectual autism, sensorial
  • 17. shuffling disability, learning impairment) disability) Not standing holding Does not play early on to furniture Not anticipating effects turn-taking games of actions (knocking (autism) over blocks) for all included here (intellectual disability, (neuromuscular or learning disability, neuromotor disorders, autism, ADHD) cerebral palsy) Not using toys for intended purposes functional play (intellectual disability) Not showing interest in children her age (autism,behavioral problems) Extreme difficulty waiting for desired item (ADHD) Rigidity regarding routine, food items, clothing, etc. (autism) Limited or fleeting eye contact (communication disorder, autism) Persistent mouthing of objects (intellectual disability) 13 months 14 months Not standing alone Not feeding him/herself (neuromuscular
  • 18. disorders) finger foods Lack of consonant Not attempting to use production (mild a spoon Not imitating body action on a doll (i.e., hearing loss, Not picking up and kiss the baby, feed the production problems) drinking from a regular 15 months baby) (visually Does not use at least 3 open cup impaired, autism, words (hearing Not able to pull off hat, intellectual disabilities) impaired, intellectual socks or mittens on disability) request Lack of imitation 16 months (hearing loss, cognition problems, autism) 17 months Doesn't understand Lack of protodeclarative pointing (problem in function of common social relatedness) Not holding or objects (intellectual No clear words scribbling with crayons Not attempting to walk disability) (articulation disorder, (dysgraphia, without assistance hearing impairment) Continues to mouth or intellectual disabilities) Not standing alone use Cannot understand Does not attempt to sensory/exploratory short requests 18 months tower blocks tactics to play Lacks interest in (intellectual disability, (behavioral problems, for all included here (intellectual disability) playing and interacting hearing impairment, intellectual disabilities) with others (autism, (neuromuscular or Constantly moving receptive disorders) behavioral problems) Hand dominance neuromotor disorders, from one item to Does not say mama, (contralateral cerebral palsy) another/inability to dada or other names weakness) attend for brief periods (articulation disorder, (ADHD) hearing impairment, Requires constant intellectual disability) attention to remain Not attempting to wash 19 months engaged (ADHD) own hands or face
  • 19. 20 months 21 months Advanced Not assisting with noncommunicative dressing tasks 22 months speech (echolalia) (excluding clothes (autism) fasteners) 23 months Not imitating actions Does not have at least and movements 50 words, and use at (autism) Inability to walk up and least 25 (intellectual Not engaging in down stairs disabilities) pretend play (autism) Unable to run Not putting words Not showing interest in together, e.g. push car Unable to throw a ball children her age No interest in self-care 24 months Most of what is said is (autism, behavioral skills, e.g. feeding, not easily understood problems) dressing for all included here Extreme difficulty (neuromuscular or waiting for desired neuromotor disorders, (communication items (ADHD) cerebral palsy) disorders, receptive, production and Too passive (autism, articulation problems) inert behavioral problems) 25 months 26 months Not able to match two sets of objects by item 27 months (i.e., blocks in one container and people in another) (intellectual disability, learning
  • 20. disability) Not able to imitate a model from memory (i.e., show me how you brush your teeth) (intellectual disability, autism, ADHD) 28 months 29 months Not jumping (neuromuscular disorders) Not independent on No 2-word 30 months stairs (up and down) spontaneous phrases (neuromotor or neuromuscular disorders) Not able to match two sets of objects by color 31 months (visual impairment, intellectual disability, down syndrome) 32 months 33 months Not able to deliberately 34 months undo large buttons, snaps and shoelaces 35 months Difficulty manipulating Not running well Not demonstrating Speech difficult to Extreme difficulty Difficulty helping with 3 years small objects e.g. simple categorization understand separating from parent self-care skills (e.g. Cannot kick or throw a
  • 21. threading beads ball (learning disability, Not using simple Not initiating or feeding, dressing) (cerebral palsy, intellectual disabilities) sentences e.g. big car reciprocating simple Cannot jump with 2 dysgraphia) go interactions with feet together children her age Does not ask by name for objects Abnormal aggression for all included here Repeats phrases in Not interested in (neuromuscular or response to questions pretend play neuromotor disorders, cerebral palsy) Difficulties in noticing and understanding feelings in themselves and others Cannot pedal a tricycle No understanding of Cannot catch, kick or time, or recognizing Unable to play games throw a ball concepts like with other children and "yesterday" and "next Speech difficult to agree to rules Unable to use pencils Cannot balance well in scribbling or drawing standing on one leg summer" (dyscalculia, understand No spontaneous Not toilet trained by 4 years intellectual disability) (dysgraphia, Unable to follow singing, dancing, or day intellectual disabilities) Unable to draw lines direction with two steps acting for all included here and circles Unwilling to play (neuromuscular or (dysgraphia, cooperatively neuromotor disorders, intellectual disability) cerebral palsy) Cannot draw simple Awkward when Cannot answer questions in a simple Unable to dress him or Play is different than 5 years pictures (dysgraphia, running, walking, conversation (articulation disorders, receptive herself their friends (autism) intellectual disabilities) climbing, and using disorders) Unable to go to the
  • 22. stairs (dyspraxia, Unable to follow the bathroom without physical impairment) rules of a simple game assistance (behavioral problems, Ball skills are very Unable to help with intellectual disabilities) different from other Difficulty telling a simple chores peers (neuromuscular Cannot draw simple parent what is wrong pictures (dysgraphia, Unable to hop 5 times on each foot Concerns from teacher about school readiness Difference between left Lack of or limited eye contact (autism, visual and right sides of body impairment) all from self-help in strength, movement, (intellectual disabilities, or tone (cerebral palsy) Lack of response to Poor interaction with autism, neuromotor or sound or visual stimuli adults or other Loose or floppy neuromuscular (sensorial children (behavioral movements (low tone) disorders, or lack of Any age impairments) problems, autism) or stiff and tense (high training from toe) (dyspraxia, Strong parental caregivers) cerebral palsy) concern Significant loss of skills Not achieving indicated developmental milestones References: http://www.fpnotebook.com/Peds/Neuro/DvlpmntlMlstn.htm http://www.earlyinterventionsupport.com/development/cognitive/default.aspx http://www.uic.edu/classes/sped/sped506/milestones.html http://www.sensory-processing-disorder.com/child-developmental-checklist.html http://www.health.qld.gov.au/rch/professionals/brochures/red_flag.pdf