This document provides an overview of typical developmental milestones in four domains: gross motor, fine motor/vision, hearing/speech/language, and social/emotional/behavior. For each domain, it lists the skills that children typically acquire at various ages from birth through 5 years old. It also briefly discusses causes of developmental delay that can occur before, during, or after birth, such as infections, genetic conditions, brain abnormalities, and environmental factors. The document emphasizes that growth and development progress in parallel as children gain qualitative and quantitative skills through interacting with their social environment.

1. Done By Dr. Mohammed Alkoum

2. Developmental assessment
• Developmental Assessment - Is The Process Of Mapping A
Child's Performance Compared With Children Of Similar
Age.
• It Is Acquisition Of Qualitative And Quantitative Skills In A
Social Environment

3. Developmental assessment
• Assessing A Young Child’s Development Consider The
Four Fields Of Developmental Skills:
• A) Gross Motor.
• B) Fine Motor & Vision.
• C) Hearing, Speech And Language .
• D) Social, Emotional & Behavior

6. A) Gross Motor:-
• Gross Motor Skills Can Be Defined As:-
• Skills That Involve Entire Body, In Particular The Large
Muscles Of The Body
• Ex Of Basic Gross Motor Skills ( Standing , Walking ,
Controlling Movements Of Arms And Legs).

7. At birth: Flexed Posture & Head Lag

8. AT 6 weeks :-
• Raises Head To 45º In Prone Position .
• Symmetrical Limp Movements
• Ventral Suspension ( Head At Same Level Of The Body
)

9. AT 3 months :-
• Complete Head Control ( No Head Lag )
• Infant Can Symmetrically Lift The Head And
Shoulder About 45 Degree In Prone Position.

10. AT 5 months :-
• Rolls From Supine To Prone
Position.
• (No Head Lag )
• Landau Reaction Matures.
• Beginning Of Lateral Postural
Control.
• Primitive Reflexes No Longer
Dominate

11. AT 6 months
• Prone : Bears His Weight On His Hands With
Extended Arms And Raise Of Head And Chest
Above The Ground .
• Supine :Greater Anti-gravity Control
Raises One Or Both Arms Freely In
Space And Reaches To Be Picked Up.
Able To Hold Their Legs Vertical With
Knees Extended.
• Sitting With Support ( Rounded Back )

12. AT 8 months :-
• Sitting Without Support ( Straight
Back ) .
• Rolls From Prone To Supine
Position .

13. AT 9 months :-
• Crawling On The
Abdomen ,
• Roles Back To Front ,
• Pull To Stand .
• Parachutes Reflex Start.

14. AT 10 months :-
• Stand With Support .
• Walk Around Furniture
..

15. AT 12 month :-
• Stand Without Support .
• Walking Unsteady ( Broad
Gait ) .
• Sit From Lying Position

16. AT 15 months :-
• Able To Get Up Alone From Sitting Position .
• Walk Alone Steady

17. AT 18 months :-
• Run & Kick A Ball .
• Creeps Down Stairs And Climbs Up Stairs
Step By Step.
• Push And Pull Toys And Doors

18. AT 2 years :-
• Walk Up & Down Stairs With 2 Feet
Per Step.

19. AT 3 years :-
• Walk Upstairs With 1 Foot For Each
Step .
• Walk Down Stairs With 2 Feet Each
Step .
• Can Drive Tricycle.

20. • AT 4 years :-
• Walk Up & Down Stairs With One Foot Each Step (
As Adults ).
• Standing on one foot for 5 seconds.
• Standing on tiptoes for 3 seconds without moving
feet.
• AT 5 years :-
• Drive Bicycle.
• Runs On Toys And Catch Ball

21. B) Fine Motor & Vision.
• Fine motor skills Can be defined as
• Skills than involve hands and fingers working together to
performs tasks
• Ex ( Writing ,Cutting ,Weaving ,Eating )

22. AT Birth :-
• Blinking To Light.
• Follow The Object From
Midline
• Grasp Reflex

23. AT 6 weeks :-
• Follows Moving Object Or Face By Turning
The Head.

24. AT 3 months :-
• Reach Out Of Toys & Palmar Grasp.
• Follow Object From Midline Through Range Of
180c .

25. AT 6 months :-
• Handing Object And Transfer From Hand To
Hand To Mouth (Mouthing).
• Palmar Grasp Disappear.

26. AT 9 months :-
• Immature Pencil Grasp ( By 3 Fingers &
Thumb ).
• Can Use Thumb And Fingers To Pick Cubes .

27. AT 12 months :-
• Pointing To An Object By Index
Finger .
• Stops Mouthing Of Objects

28. AT 15 months :-
• Linear Scribbling
• Build Tower Of 2
Cubes

29. AT 18 month :-
• Makes Marks With A Crayon .
• Building A Tower Of 3 Cubes
• Point To The Picture In The
Books .
• Turn Books On Pages

30. • AT 2 Years : - Draw A Line .
• Building A Tower Of 6
Cubes
• AT 3 Years : - Draw A Circle .
• Build Tower 9 And A
Bridge.
• At 4 Years : - Draw Cross & Square
• Building Steps Of Tower
• AT 5 Years : - Draw Triangle

31. Vision Development:-

32. C) Hearing, Speech And Language .
• AT Birth : Cries And Respond To Sound .
• AT 3 Months :
• Turn To Sound At Level Of Ear .
• Bubbling

33. • AT 6 months : Turn head to voice ,Say "ma , ba"
• AT 8 months : Say ‫باب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ماما‬‫ا‬“ “
• AT 12 months : Two to three words other than ” ‫بابا‬ or
' ‫ما‬‫ما‬ “

34. • AT 18 Months :
• Say 6-10 Meaning Words .
• Shows Two Parts Of The Body
• AT 2 Years : Uses Two Or More Words To Make Simple
Phrases
• AT 3 Years : Talks Constantly In 3–4 Word Sentences
• Able To Tell Full Name
• AT 4 Years : Mention Address Also Count To 10
• AT 5 Years : Ask About Of Words And Who And When .

35. D) Social, Emotional & Behavior
• AT 6 Weeks : Smiles Responsively. ” Social Smiling “
• AT 3 Months :
• Smile Spontaneously
• React With Excitement .
• Laughing.
• At 6 Months :
• Recognize Mother .
• Puts Food In Mouth

36. • AT 8 Months :
• Respond To His Name .
• Wary Of Strangers .
• Hold Bottle
• Understanding NO And Bye Bye .
• AT 10 Months : Waves Bye-bye .

37. • AT 12 Months : Drinks From A Cup With Two Hands.
• At 18 Months : Holds Spoon And Gets Food Safely To Mouth .
• At 2 Years :
• Pulls Off Some Clothing.
• Dry By Day .

38. • AT 3 Years :
• Dry By Night .
• Able To Use Toilet Wash Hands And Brush
Teeth
• AT 4 Years . Able To Undress And Combing Hair
• AT 5 Years : Able Clothes And Do Large Button

39. Causes of Developmental Delay :
Postnatal CausesNatal CausesAntenatal Causes
1. Cerebral Palsy .1. Hypoxic – Ischemic
Encephalopathy .
1. TORCH Infection .
2. Kernicterus .2. Neonatal Sepsis .2. Chromosomal Anomalies
e.g . Down Syndrome .
3. Meningitis & Encephalitis .3. Birth Trauma3. Brain Defect
e.g . Cerebral Malformation
4. Nutritional Disorders
e.g . Rickets .
4. Maternal Alcoholism .
5. Autism5. Intra Uterine Ischemia
e.g . Abruption Placenta

40. Note:-
• Growth : Increase In The Size And Number Of Cells It Includes
Aspects As Wt. , Length , And HC .
• Assessment of growth : ( Anthropometric measurement .
Teething .Osseous maturation)
• Development : Maturation Of Functions And Gaining Of
Various Skills Increase In Complexity , It Includes Aspects As :(
As :( Motor Development , Mental Development And Sexual
Development) .
• Both Growth And Development Go Parallel To Each Other .