The document discusses the growth and development of school-age children (ages 6-12), highlighting their physical, motor, intellectual, language, psychosocial, and sensory development. Key aspects include varying physical metrics, cognitive growth such as understanding abstract concepts, and emotional shifts towards peer relationships. It also addresses common health issues, types of play, and areas of health education necessary for this age group.

1. Growth and development among
schoolers
Presented by :
Miss . Shrutika . S. Navilyale
MSc Nursing 1st year
Child Health Nursing
KAHER INS Belagavi

2. Introduction :
• School-age child development describes the expected physical, emotional, and mental
abilities of children ages 6 to 12.
• School age this period of development is one which the child is directed away from the
family group and is centered around the wider world of peer relationship i,e school .

3. 6- 8 years
Physical development :
• Weight is approximately 17.5 - 25.5 kg .
• Height is approximately 110 – 124 cm.
• Pulse is 90 ± 15 beats / min.
• Respiration is 21 ± 3 breaths / min.
• Blood pressure is 100 / 60 ± 16 / 10 mm Hg .
• Starts losing temporary teeth and acquires first permanent molars , medial incisors ,
lateral incisors.

4. Expected weight ( 6-12 yrs ) = age ( yrs ) ×7-5
2
Expected height ( 6-12 yrs) = age ( yrs ) × 6+ 77 cm

5. Motor development :
a) Gross motor :
• Rides bicycle without training wheels .
• Runs , jumps , climbs , hops .
• Constantly keep moving .
• Clumsy and awkward movement .
b)Fine motor :
• Has improved hand – eye coordination .
• Draws a person with 12-16 parts.
• Bathes self – unassisted .
• Learns cursive writing .
• Continually refines previously learned skills .
• Can brush and comb hair .

6. Intellectual development :
• Attention span increased.
• Can describe objects in picture, knows their use.
• Concept of cause and affect is developing .
• Can tell time .
• Is learning to read .
• Follow rules to avoid punishment.
Language development :
• Receptive language .
• Can follow series of 3 commands . Response depend on mood.
• Responds to praise and recognition .
• Can repeat sentences of 10 – 12 words.
• Develops a sense of humour and enjoys telling jokes.

8. Psychosocial development:
• Development of sense of industry begins .
• Continues to be egocentric and bossy .
• Has a “ know it all” attitude.
• Insists on being first in everything.
• Wants other children to play with.
• Jealous of siblings .
• Return of temper tantrums , may use verbal or physical attack.
Sensory development :
• Has 20/20 vision.

9. 8- 10 years
Physical development:
• Weight is approximately 22- 32 kg .
• Height is approximately 121.5 – 136.5 cm.
• Pulse is 85 ± 10 beats / min.
• Respiration is 20 ± 3 breaths / min.
• Blood pressure is 102/ 60 ± 16 / 10 mmHg.
Motor development :
a) Gross development :
• Performs tricks on bicycle .
• Races .
• Throws a ball skillfully , overhead.

10. b) Fine motor :
• Uses both hands independently .
• Cursive writing improved .
• Handles eating utensils skillfully.
• Dresses self – completely .
Intellectual development :
• Learns to understand and use abstract symbols and carries out mental operation .
• Shows interest in casual relationships.
• Ashamed of failures .
• Interested in school works .
• Memory span increasing .
• Rebels against authority.

11. Language development :
• Follows suggestions better then commands.
• Begins to use shorter and more compact sentences .
Psychosocial development :
• Sense of industry is present .
• Curious about everything .
• Concerned about relationships with others .
• Becomes peer – oriented.
• Begins hero worshiped .
• Considers peer opinion more important than parents .
• Relationship with siblings improved .
• Have reasonable fears.
• Aware of appropriate sexual role.

12. Physical development :
At 10 years :
• Weight is approximately 25 – 40 kg.
• Height is approximately 131.5 – 147.5 cm at 10 years.
At 12 years:
• Weight of boys : 30 – 48 kg .
• Weight of girls : 30 – 50 kg.
• Height of boys : 142 – 158 cm.
• Height of girls : 144 – 160 cm.
• Pulse is 90 ± 20 beats / min.
• Respiration is 19 ±3 / min.
• Blood pressure is 109 / 58 ± 16/ 10 mmHg .
• At about 12 years molars erupts.
• Secondary sex characteristics begin to develop.
10 – 12 years

13. Motor development:
a) Gross motor:
• Enjoys all physical activities .
• Balances on one leg with eyes closed .
• Catches tennis ball with one hand .
b) Fine motor:
• Dresses and grooming skills develops.
• Bathes frequently and unassisted .
• Movements are more graceful.

14. Intellectual development :
• Develops abstract and deductive reasoning .
• Uses problems – solving method.
• Can define abstract terms.
• Interested in “why” and “how”.
• Short – interest span.
• Preoccupied with right and wrong.
language development :
• Oral vocabulary of 7200 words .
• Reading vocabulary of 50,000 words .
• Uses parts of speech correctly.
• Able to give precise dictionary definition of words.
• Enjoys riddles .

15. Psychosocial development :
• Is sincere and confident .
• Has greater self – control.
• Respects parents and their role.
• Has short burst of anger .
• Able to control anger .
• Hero worship of adults continues.
• Still fears the dark.

16. Problems in schoolers:
• School failure.
• Lack of friends .
• Social isolation.
• Aggressive behavior : fights , fire setting , animal abuse.

17. Common sickness in school children :
• Epistaxis
• Sinusitis
• Recurrent abdominal pain
• Appendicitis
• Allergic disorders
• Headache
• Osteomyelitis
• Rheumatic fever

18. Play and play materials
Type of play:
• These children are interested chiefly in their immediate environment and immediate
present .
• Play must suit to their interest and attention span.
• They enjoy playing house and taking roles of various people in their environment i,e..
Nurse , teacher and storekeeper.

19. • Children enjoy games of muscular activities running , climbing , swinging etc.
• They like carpentory tools , painting materials , chess, cards , balls , crafts , music,
puzzles , aquarium, maps , animals to make zoo or farm or pets , gardening etc.

20. Areas of health education
• Nutrition
• Eating habits
• Dental health
• Sleep and rest
• Activities
• Accident prevention
• Sex education
• Prevention of sexual molestation
• Smoking and drugs