The document provides information on the gross anatomy and histology of the liver. It begins with describing the liver's location, shape, size, and functions. It then discusses the liver's external features including surfaces and impressions. It also describes the liver's internal structures such as lobes, vascular supply from the hepatic artery and portal vein, lymphatic drainage, and innervation. Finally, it examines the liver's histology including its parenchyma, sinusoids, liver lobules in their classic, portal, and acinar forms, and the perisinusoidal space of Disse.

1. GROSS ANATOMY &
HISTOLOGY OF LIVER
Prepared by: Anish Dhakal (Aryan)
anishdhakal718@gmail.com
MBBS Student
Patan Academy of Health Sciences

2. OBJECTIVES
• To describe the gross anatomy of liver
• To describe histology of liver
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3. • Location: Right
Hypochondrium,
epigastrium and Left
Hypochondrium
• Colour: Reddish brown
• Shape: wedge shaped
• Weight: 1.5 kg
• Both endocrine and
exocrine functions

4. EXTERNAL FEATURES
Five surfaces
• Anterior
• Posterior
• Superior
• Inferior
• Right
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5. • Diaphragmatic surfaces:
(superior ,anterior, right,
some parts of posterior)
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6. Visceral surface : (posterioinferior surface)
• H shaped arrangement
• 2 Vertical bars
Left side: fissures for ligamentum teres & ligamentum
venosum
Right side: IVC groove and gallbladder
• Horizontal bar: Porta hepatis
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7. • Impressions of various
organs including
stomach, duodenum
right colon, right kidney
and suprarenal gland
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8. HEPATIC SPACES &
RECESSES
• Subphrenic recesses:
 superior extensions of peritoneal cavity
between diaphragm and diagphragmatic surface of
liver
• Subhepatic space
• Hepatorenal recesses(Morison pouch):
Posteriosuperior extension of subhepatic space
between right visceral liver and right kidney &
suprarenal gland
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10. DIVISION OF LIVER
• Anatomical lobes: Left and Right (demarcated by the
attachment of falciform ligament)
• Lower border of ligament: ligamentum teres hepatis
• Parts of anatomic right lobe:
Quadrate lobe
Caudate lobe (with a papillary process)
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11. FUNCTIONAL SUBDIVISION
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12. BLOOD SUPPLY
• Having dual blood supply through
1. Hepatic artery (accounts 20%)
2. Portal vein (80%)
• Inside Liver they divide to form Interlobular vessels
which run in the portal canals
• Further subdivisions of the interlobular branches open
into the hepatic sinusoids
• Thus hepatic arterial blood mixes with the portal
venous blood in the sinusoids

13. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
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14. INNERVATIONS
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• Derived from Hepatic Plexus
• Sympathetic fibres of plexus from:
Celiac Plexus
• Parasympathetic Fibers from:
Anterior and posterior vagal trunks

15. HISTOLOGY OF LIVER
• Parenchyma
 organized plates of hepatocytes
• Connective tissue stroma
 Continuous with the fibrous capsule of Glisson
 Contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels and bile ducts
• Sinusoidal capillaries (sinusoids)
 Vascular channels between the plates of hepatocytes
• Perisinusoidal space (spaces of Disse)
 Lies between the sinusoidal endothelium and the hepatocytes
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17. LIVER LOBULES
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18. • Classic lobule
 Roughly hexagonal
 At angles- portal area occupied by portal triads
 At center- terminal hepatic lobule (central vein)
 anastomosing system of sinusoids
• Portal lobule
 Roughly Triangular
 Outer margin are imaginary lines drawn between the 3
central veins that are closest to that portal triad
(explains exocrine bile secreting function of the liver)
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19. • Liver Acinus
Diamond shaped
Short axis of the acinus is
terminal branches of portal
triad that lie along the
border of 2 classic lobules
Long axis is a line drawn
between 2 central veins
closest to the short axis
(explains blood perfusion,
metabolic activity, oxygen
supply and liver pathologies)
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20. PERISINUSOIDAL SPACE
(SPACE OF DISSE)
• Between the basal surface of hepatocytes and the
endothelial surface and Kupffer cells lining the sinusoids
• Sinusoids contain thin discontinuous endothelium with
large fenestrae
• Lymph formation takes place in this space
• Exchange area for liver and also secretion other than
the bile
• Ito cells (stellate cells) are present normally in
quiescent stage in absence of liver pathology

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