Gerbera - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Gerbera - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
Raddish cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
Tuberose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Pract no. 9 (b) floral biology of mangotusharamodugu
Scientific Name: Mangifera indica L.
Common Names: Mamidi, Am
Chromosome number : 2n = 2x = 40
The origin of mango is Indo – Burma region.
In India Mango is acclaimed as “King of fruits”.
Floral Biology :
Inflorescence :
Inflorescence is a large and terminal panicle.
The branching of the inflorescence is usually tertiary, rarely quaternary, but the ultimate branching is always cymose.
The mango inflorescence or panicle bears mainly two types of flowers – male and hermaphrodite.
The panicle bear 500-6000 flowers of which 1-70% are bisexual, remaining are male depending on the cultivar and temperature during its development. The percentage of perfect flowers varies between 0.74 per cent in Rumani, 16.41 to 55.7 per cent in Neelum and up to 69.8 per cent in Langra.
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL Arvind Yadav
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL .BRINJAL
Botanical name : Solanum melongena
Family : Solanaceae
Chromosome No. : 2n = 24
Origin : India
Common name : Eggplant, Aubergine.
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Present status of Floriculture industry in Tamilnadu, India & World. All other aspects of floriculture industry including merits, demerits, oppurtunities, strategies to develop, potentials, scope etc..
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
Raddish cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
Tuberose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Pract no. 9 (b) floral biology of mangotusharamodugu
Scientific Name: Mangifera indica L.
Common Names: Mamidi, Am
Chromosome number : 2n = 2x = 40
The origin of mango is Indo – Burma region.
In India Mango is acclaimed as “King of fruits”.
Floral Biology :
Inflorescence :
Inflorescence is a large and terminal panicle.
The branching of the inflorescence is usually tertiary, rarely quaternary, but the ultimate branching is always cymose.
The mango inflorescence or panicle bears mainly two types of flowers – male and hermaphrodite.
The panicle bear 500-6000 flowers of which 1-70% are bisexual, remaining are male depending on the cultivar and temperature during its development. The percentage of perfect flowers varies between 0.74 per cent in Rumani, 16.41 to 55.7 per cent in Neelum and up to 69.8 per cent in Langra.
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL Arvind Yadav
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL .BRINJAL
Botanical name : Solanum melongena
Family : Solanaceae
Chromosome No. : 2n = 24
Origin : India
Common name : Eggplant, Aubergine.
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Present status of Floriculture industry in Tamilnadu, India & World. All other aspects of floriculture industry including merits, demerits, oppurtunities, strategies to develop, potentials, scope etc..
Talk at PyCon Spain 2013 about async I/O in python using the new library created by Guido: asyncio (best known as tulip).
Video (spanish): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BlOSvIVSe_w
Code: https://github.com/igalarzab/pycones2013
Potentiality of protected cultivation in West BengalSubham Ghosh
potential condition of West Bengal for making protected cultivation in green house, lath house, glass house and cost benefit ratio of high cost and low cost structure for farmers of west bengal.
Carnations are great for cut flowers Due to its excellent keeping quality, a wide range varieties selection, and Carnations can withstand long-distance during transport qualities farmer attract towards Carnation cultivation
They are especially the demand for Valentine’s day, Easter, Mother’s day and Christmas. India has the excellent prospect of developing good quality carnation. Places having cold climate such as Shimla, Kulu, Manali, Kalimpong, Ooty, Kodaikanal, Bangalore, Pune, Nasik, etc. are most appropriate places for the production of Carnation cut flowers.
Gladiolus cultivation practices, uses, variety, soil and climatic requirement...Nischal Sapkota
Ornamental Plants - Gladiolus cultivation practices, uses, variety, soil and climatic requirement, planting, manuring, training and pruning, and disease and insect control
Its all about the non traditional crops. It includes the the production technology of sun flower its all factors, its area of production and all the necessary aspects of growing the sun flower.
It's a total management and production practice of Eeeplant cultivation .i will helpful for farmer , student & other .who want to know about Agricultural practice.
Rose is a famous and very beautiful flower; the rose flower is a symbol of love all over the world. In Greenhouse mostly dutch rose variety cultivated, Dutch rose has high demand in national and international markets. Therefore Dutch rose cultivation is increasing day by day also Indian government promoting dutch rose farming by providing the subsidy.
Direct sunlight affects dutch rose productivity the plant required bright light Hence dutch rose grows very well in the Greenhouse where the climate is in control condition.
Production technology of onion and garlicRakesh Rajput
Production technology of bulb crop.
Production technology of Onion and garlic.
Cool season vegetables.
Cultivation of onion and garlic.
Diseases of onion and garlic
Production technology of onion ppt
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2. INTRODUCTION :
Lilies are very beautiful ornamental plants with
splendid appearance and attractive shades.
They are excellent as cut flowers and occupy 4th
position in the world cut flower trade
(Source: CBI EU Market Survey, 2004: Cut Flowers and Foliage)
The big advantage of a greenhouse that the grower
can control the environment; lilies can be provided
with warmth and moisture and adverse weather
conditions can’t hamper the plant growth.
3. TYPES OF LILIES GROWN UNDER GREENHOUSE
Lilies, especially asiatic and oriental types are in great
demand in the international floriculture trade
Asiatic type Oriental type
-Early bloomers Late bloomers
-Usually non fragrant They are heavily scented
-Rapidly multiply Slow multiplication
-Greater color range Larger flowers
-More variance in flower
shape and bloomliness
Many Oriental lilies have
raised papillae in the petal
nectaries.
8. Casablanca
Apart from these easter lily( l.longiflorum var. Oscant is grown
under greenhouse.
9. GREENHOUSE STRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT:
Producing lilies in greenhouse requires proper kind
of greenhouse, it has to be able to provide a stable
greenhouse climate under fluctuating
conditions.temperature,air circulation,ventillation
and light are factors that have to be controlled
accurately.A standard height of 4 to 4.5 metre is
customary.this will provide sufficient room for
installing the screening,irrigation and lighting
system.the greenhouse should have aplenty of
natural light which is important during the dark
winter period.
10. HEATING SYSTEM:
In many regions it will be necessary to have a
greenhouse equipped with an heating
system.Asiatic and LA hybrids require minimum
greenhouse temperature of 8-14 degree celcius,to
other groups require 15-16 degree celcius to
achieve these temperature,a norm of the heating
system is approximately 220 Watt/metre square of
greenhouse volume/hr to provide better heat
distribution and climate control.
11. CO2 SYSTEM
CO2 injection benefits the growth and flowering of
longiflorum hybrids and is thus recommended since
it produces a sturdier and a greener crop. With the
help of hanging burners the gas is supplied from
the central boiler or pure CO2 injection is started
upon sunrise and can be continued for a few hours
to throughout the day on condition that the
greenhouse is closed or little ventillation is carried
out and there are sufficient light for photosynthesis.
When using assimilation lighting, CO2 injection can
be carried 24 hours a day.Keeping track of the CO2
require monitoring using a simple monitoring device
12. LIGHT EQUIPMENT
Light is a factor in the growth and development of
the lily plant as well as its
flowering(photoperiodicity). Depending on the time
of the year, the location of the cultivation site in
relationship to the equator, the light admitted by the
greenhouse and the cultivar’s need for light, it may
be desirable or even necessary to use assimilation
lighting during the day to promote photosynthesis or
extend day length.
13. HUMIDITY
Optimum level of Relative Humidity inside the
greenhouse should be 80to 85 %.It is important to avoid
large fluctuation in humidity levels which will cause
stress and leaf scorch in susceptible varieties
14. FORCING:
Forcing lily flower for normal durations, the bulbs
require cold treatment at 2-40C for 6 weeks in case
of Asiatic hybrids and 8 weeks for the Oriental
ones. It is possible to use "frozen-in" bulbs which
are kept at 10C after pre-cooling treatment for off-
season flowering. A night temperature of 16 0C with
a day temperature below 21 0C inside the
greenhouse is recommended for forcing.
15. BEDDING MEDIA:
1)Soil
The soil;used for cultivation of lilies,has good
structure particularly the top layers and is also kept
well drained during the entire growing period.
Maintaining the correct pH of the soil plays a major
role in the root development and uptake of nutrients.
It is advisable to maintain a pH of6to 7 for the Asiatic
and longiflorum hybrid groups and a pH of 5.5 to 6.5
for the oriental hybrids. The Chlorine in the soil
should not exceed 1.5 mmol/lit.
18. PLANTING DEPTH:
Lilium bulbs should initially be planted at a depth of 6
inches. After planting and irrigation the soil will
decline about an inch. Height of the bulb is approx
one inch, which leaves four inches of soil on top of
the bulb. This is sufficient soil in which the stem roots
can develop. Shallow planting will result in poor stem
root development and hence one compromise on the
quality of the flower.Planting depth varies according
to the size of the bulb.Generally bulb should be
planted to the depth of three times more than the
diameter of the bulb
19. PLANTING DENSITY
Bulb Size( cm) Bulb/m2 Planting Distance(
cm)
8-10 49 15 X 15
10-12 42 16 X 15
12-14 36 16 X 18
14-16 36 16 X 18
20. IRRIGATION
Moisten the soil a few days before planting to enable rooting to start
straight after planting. Because thestem roots developin the top layer,it
must be kept constantly moist. The amount of water depends on type of
soil, greenhouse climate and the variety.Water requirement in
summer:6to8 lit / m2 / dayWater requirement in other season: 4 to5 lit /
m2 / dayFirst two weeks irrigation only by using water can or shower.
Third week onwards it is recommended to use drip for irrigation
21. FERTIGATION:1)Soil:
Since lilium is a bulbous crop, most of its nutrients are already
present in the bulb itself. Lilium is a very salt sensitive crop and
therefore one should take care with applying fertilizers.
Especially in the first three weeks when the rooting takes place,
no additional fertilizers are required. Good root development is
important at this stage. It is however advisable to apply
12:61:00@ 2kg/100m2at least one week before plantation.
-Three weeks after plantation: -Calcium Nitrate @ 1 kg/100m2
-Six week after plantation : -Potassium nitrate@ 1 kg/100m2. If
plants are not strong enough during growing period due to
Nitrogen deficiency then a top dressing of Ammonium Nitrate@
1 kg/100 m2can be applied up to three weeks before harvesting
22. 2
.
NUTRIENT STANDARDS FOR COCO PEAT MEDIA:
Nutrients Standards in mmol/lit
Asiatic hybrids Oriental hybrids
Nitrogen N=(NO3,NH4) 2 3
Phosphate P 0.15 0.15
Potash K 1 1.5
Calcium Ca 1.5 1.8
Magnesium Mg 0.8 1
Sulphate SO4 1.5 1.5
23. HARVESTING
1.Always harvest the lilies at the cutting stage, i.e. 8
to 10 cm above the ground when lower first bud
shows the colour of flower.
2.Prevent the stems drying out during and after
harvesting.
3.After harvesting,stems are graded according to
number of flower buds per stem, length and firmness
of stem
4. During bunching, remove 10 cm of foliage from
the end of the stems and subsequently sleeve the
flowers
24. 4)Immediately after bunching, the cut flowers should
be placed in cold water in cold storage room at 2ºC
to3ºC. Add 2% sucrose and 100ppm GA3 as a
preservative agent to water to improve vase life of
flower
5) When dispatching lily flowers use only perforated
boxes to maintain a proper temperature
during transport.
25. DISEASES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
Bulb and Scale rot:
Causal organism : Fungal pathogens Fusarium and
Cylindrocarpon.
Management: To avoid the disease, bulbs should be planted in
pre-sterilized soils. Bulbs should be dipped for one hour in 0.2%
Captan + 0.2% Benlate to minimize the disease infection. Also
keep the soil temperature as low as possible during the entire
period of cultivation by frequently irrigating the field.
26. DISEASES ( CONTD)
Foot rot:
-Causal organism: Phytopthora cactorum
-Management: To control the disease, sterilize
the soil before planting the bulbs. Dithane M-
45 may be applied @ 200 g per 100 m2 as soil
drench.